Modificação da virulência do virus do mixoma provocada pelos raios X

Foi estudada a ação dos raios X sôbre a vírus sêco do mixoma dos coelhos. Ao atingir a incidência dos raios X a concentração de 294.000 r até 378.000, quando desapareceu tôda a atividade patogênica do vírus, nem todos os animais inoculados adquiriam a moléstia, passando a evoluir a mesma em alguns dêsses animais de forma muito mais lenta que a presente nas testemunhas. concordando com esta sintomatologia, o exame histopatológico do material colhido no ponto de lesão mais intensa de animais atacados com mixoma de evolução lenta, revelou a existência de lesões menos extensas e intesas que aquelas presentes nos animais inoculados com o vírus normal, o que mostra terem os raios X determinado uma diminuição da virulência do vírus do mixoma, mas não uma mutação. Os animais inoculados sucessivamente com vírus irradiado acima de 378.000 r, portanto inativados, foram, após 30 dias, inoculados com vírus de virulência íntegra, adquirindo, no entanto, a infecção mixomatosa com todos os caracteres típicos, o que revelou não conservar o vírus do mixoma inativado pelos raios X as suas propriedades antigênicas, não conferindo, portanto, proteção contra inoculações ulteriores de vírus mixomatoso virulento.

Estudos anatômicos e histológicos sôbre a subfamília Triatominae (Heteroptera, Reduviidae): X. parte: Espermiohistogênese do Triatoma infestans

No trabalho apresentado, descrevemos a evolução do espérmio maduro de triatoma infestans, iniciando-se a observação das transformações a partir dos espermídeos. Destacamos, em seguida, os principais resultados: 1. A histogênese dos espérmios é subdividida em 6 fases que se superpõem, parcialmente, a respeito do cronismo dos acontecimentos celulares: a) fase de translações (translações dos centríolos, mitocôndrios e do aparelho de GoLGI do pólo apical o pòlo basal da célula). b) Alongamento dos centríolos (formação do filamento axial). c) Alongamento da massa mitocondrial (formação dos fios periféricos). d) Formação do acrosoma (divisão do aparelho de GOLGI em acrosoma e corpo restante, que é eliminado da célula; além disto, translação do acrosoma para o pólo apical). e) Primeira fase de alongamento do núcleo (alongamento do núcleo e condensação da cromatina). f) Segunda fase de alongamento do núcleo (alongamento definitivo do núcleo para formar a cabeça do espérmio). 2. Os centríolos, em Triatoma infestans, podem ser observados, contînuamente, dos estádios da profase (estádio dos cromosomas difusos) até o fim da formação do espérmio. Para esta observação precisamos de cortes finos com, aproximadamente, um micron de espessura. 3. Os centríolos, depois da última divisão de maturação, ficam escondidos no interior do corpo dos restos dos fusos. 4. Não se pode distinguir o centríolo distal do proximal. os dois justapõem-se, um ao lado do outro, sôbre a parede do núcleo. 5. O fio axial tem origem dos dois centríolos, sendo êste um fio duplo. 6. Observamos a transformação dos mitocôndrios em microfibrilas da cauda bem como a de uma parte do aparelho de GOLGI em acrosoma. 7. Depois da condensação da cromatina sôbre a parede do núcleo, formam-se duas saliências longitudinais cromáticas, que são orientadas em espiral com torsão em sentido inverso do relógio. Por isso, o corte transversal do núcleo, fortemente alongado, tem o aspecto de ferradura. 8. O espérmio maduro é composto pelos seguintes elementos, cuja existência é provada, no microscópio eletrônico, por intermédio de cortes e dilacerações: a) Acrosoma (em forma de um cone, ligeiramente curvado). b) Núcleo, formado a "cabeça" do espérmio, sem qualquer estrutura vísivel no seu interior. c) Cone basal do núcleo, formado pelos centríolos. d) Fio axial, composto de duas microfibrilas dos centríolos. e) Oito fios longitudinais mitocondriais, unidos em dois grupos (corpos em forma de vírgula), e incluídos em uma massa homogênea. Cada um dos corpos em forma de vírgula...

Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional: X - Proteables

São estudados os grãos de pólen das Porteaceae que ocorrem na mata umbrófila subtropical do Sul do Brasil. É possível distinguir os três gêneros através da sua morfologia polínica, mas quanto à separação das espécies, isto não é mais válido para o gênero Roupala, onde sòmente podem ser formados grupos de espécies.

Leishmaniose tegumentar em uma mula (Equus caballus x equus asinus) em área endêmica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

É relatado o encontro de infecção por parasitos do gênero Leishmania, em lesão cutânea de uma mula (Equus caballus x Equus asinus) procedente de uma localidade endêmica de leishmaniose tegumentar, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Analysis of toxoplasma gondii proteins after Triton X-114 solubilization and hidropholic chromotograhy

The distribution of the surface proteins of toxoplasma gondii radiodinated were studied using the phase separation technique and ability of binding in the phenyl-Sepharose column. Eight polypeptides with Mr 22 to 180 distributed exclusively in the detergent rich-phase, while six polypeptides with mol. wt. 15,000 to 76,000 distributed exclusively in the detergent poor-phase. Twopolypeptides with 15,000 and 70,000 distributed on both phase. All the polypeptides present in the detergent rich-phase binding in the phenyl-Sepharose column, and can be isolated in two peak according with their relative hydrophobicities.two polypeptides hydrophobic with Mr 60 and 66 recognized by human serum were isolated by the association of the two technique. Our result showed that the surface proteins of t. gondii present different degrees of hydrophobicity and that the use of hydrophobic interaction chromatography after Triton X-114 extraction may be an important isolation method of membrane proteins.

A chromosome 9 deletion in Plasmodium falciparum results in loss of cytoadherence

Many lines of Plasmodium falciparum undrgo a deletion of the right end of chromosome 9 during in vitro culture accompanied by loss of cytoadherence and gametocytogenesis. Selection of cytoadherent cells from a mixed population co-selects for those with an undeleted chromosome 9 and selected cells produce gametocytes. The deletion also results in loss of expression of PfEMP1, the putative cytoadherence ligand, suggesting PfEMP1 or a regulatory gene controlling PfEMP1 expression and gametocytogenesis may be encoded in this region. We have isolated several markers for the deleted region and are currently using a YAC-P. falciparum library to investigate this region of the genome in detail.

Deletion, insertion and translocation of DNA sequences contribute to chromosome size polimorphism in Plasmodium berghei

Extensive chromosome size polymorphism in Plasmodium berghei in vivo mitotic multiplication. Size differences between homologous chromosomes mainly involve rearrangements in the subtelomeric regions while internal chromosomal regions are more conserved. Size differences are almost exclusively due to differences in the copy number of a 2.3 kb subtelomeric repeat unit. Not only deletion of 2.3 kb repeats occurs, but addition of new copies of this repeat sometimes results in the formation of enlarged chromosomes. Even chromosomes which originally lack 2.3 kb repeats, can acquire these during mitotic multiplication. In one karyotype mutant, 2.3 kb repeats were inserted within one of the original telomeres of chromosome 4, creating an internal stretch oftelomeric repeats. Chromosome translocation can contribute to chromosome size polymorphism as well We found a karyotype mutant in which chromosome 7 with a size of about 1.4 Mb is translocated to chromosome 13/14 with a size of about 3 Mb, resulting in a rearranged chromosome, which was shown to contain a junction between internal DNA sequences of chromosome 13/14 and subtelomeric 2.3 kb repeats of chromosome 7. In this mutant a new chromosome of 1.4 Mb is present which consists of part of chromosome 13/14.

Chromosome numbers in the Triatominae (Hemiptera-Reduviidae): a review

The chromosome numbers of 46 out of the 122 currently recognized species of Triatominae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) are summarized. We present the number of autosomes, the sex mechanism and the first reference for each karyotype.

Comparative Meiotic Studies in Triatoma sordida (Stål) and T. guasayana Wygodzinsky & Abalos (Reduviidae, Heteroptera)

Triatoma sordida and T. guasayana are competent Trypanosoma cruzi vectors, with overlapping distribution areas in Argentina. Both species are morphologically similar, and their immature stages are hard to discriminate. Cytogenetic studies in the genus Triatoma reveal scarce karyotypic variations, being 2n= 20 + XY the most frequent diploid number in males. In the present work the meiotic behaviour of different Argentinian populations of T. sordida and T. guasayana has been analyzed; the meiotic karyotype of both species has also been compared. The species differ in total chromosome area and in the relative area of the sex chromosomes. These meiotic karyotypic differences constitute an additional tool for the taxonomic characterization of T. sordida and T. guasayana. The analysis of an interpopulation hybrid of T. sordida (Brazil x Argentina) reveals a regular meiotic behaviour, despite the presence of heteromorphic bivalents. Our observations support the hypothesis that karyotype variations through the gain or loss of heterochromatin can not be considered as a primary mechanism of reproductive isolation in Triatoma.

The Polytene Chromosomes of Cnesia dissimilis (Edwards) and Three Species of Gigantodax Enderlein (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Lanin National Park (Argentina)

Cytological studies were made on larvae of Gigantodax marginalis, G. chilensis, G. fulvescens and Cnesia dissimilis from four creeks in Lanin National Park, Neuquen province, Argentina. Chromosome maps and idiograms of these species are presented. The following inversions were observed: G. marginalis: IL-1 (X-linked inversion), IL-2 (Y-linked inversion), IIS-1.2, IIL-1, IIIL-4,5; G. chilensis: IL-4 (X-linked inversion), IIS-1.2, IIIL-4,5; G. fulvescens:IL-1 (X-linked inversion), IL-3 (Y-linked inversion), IIS-1.2, IIL-1, IIIL-4,5; C. dissimilis: IL-1, IL-5, IIIL-1. Karyological information was used to construct a cladogram and Cnesia sp. Was found to show close resemblance to the three Gigantodax spp.

Risk of death due to chronic chagasic cardiopathy

In this longitudinal study 5,710 people were included. The inclusion criteria were two positive serological results for Trypanosoma cruzi infection, 15 and 50 years old and no other demostrable diesease at the time of study. In the five year follow up 1,117 patients were lost. The follow up involved yearly evaluation of serology, clinical examination, X-ray of torax, and ECG, for 4,593 patients and 263 were contacted at home because they did not assist for their clinical consultant. Time average of follow up was 5.3 years. Eighty nine (1.5%) of the 4,593 patients died during the follow-up period, 63 (71%) by cardiac insufiency (CI) and 26 (29%) by severe ventricular arrithmias. Diagnosis of cardiomegaly was present in all the patients with diagnosis of CI and in 15 (5%) of the patients with diagnosis of arrithmias.The ECG alterations of these pacients show 61 right bundle brunch block (RBBB), associated or not with left anterior hemiblock (LAHB), 47 pathological Q wave and 70 primary repolarization alterations; 61 had polyfocal ventricular arrithmia. The death rate was similar in the sexes and was more frequent between 40 and 50 years of age. Information on 1,380 recuperated patients shows that 15 died with no previous symptoms and without medical assistance and were interpretate as sudden death. The latest ECG in three follow-up of these pacients indicates (before death) that only one had normal study and 14 presented 12 RBBB; 9 LAHB; 7 isolated ventricular arrithmia; 10 repolariz alterations; 2 patological Q wave, 10 patients of them with RBBB and repolariz alterations. In all the cases we had people between 35 and 43 years old, 9 men and 6 women. This study shows that in Chagas disease is possible to differenciate two risk groups. A low risk death group that have normal ECG and clinical evaluation during the follow up, and a high risk group associate ECG with RBBB and primary alterations of repolarization and/or inactivation zones with not anual clinical evaluation.

The 245 kb amplified chromosome of Leishmania (V.) braziliensis contains a biopterin transporter gene

Leishmania (V.) braziliensis M2903 presents a small linear and stable 245 kb chromosome originating from a genomic amplification. Similar amplifications present in other species of Leishmania contain a gene coding for a biopterin transporter. Since Leishmania is auxotrophic for this metabolite, this amplification could result from the need to better capture biotpterin from growth media under specific circumstances. In this paper we show that this gene is also present in L. (V.) braziliensis small chromosome, which shares sequences with other genomic amplifications already described.

A bacterial artificial chromosome library for Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate snail host of Schistosoma mansoni

To provide a novel resource for analysis of the genome of Biomphalaria glabrata, members of the international Biomphalaria glabrata Genome Initiative (biology.unm.edu/biomphalaria-genome.html), working with the Arizona Genomics Institute (AGI) and supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), produced a high quality bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library. The BB02 strain B. glabrata, a field isolate (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil) that is susceptible to several strains of Schistosoma mansoni, was selfed for two generations to reduce haplotype diversity in the offspring. High molecular weight DNA was isolated from ovotestes of 40 snails, partially digested with HindIII, and ligated into pAGIBAC1 vector. The resulting B. glabrata BAC library (BG_BBa) consists of 61824 clones (136.3 kb average insert size) and provides 9.05 × coverage of the 931 Mb genome. Probing with single/low copy number genes from B. glabrata and fingerprinting of selected BAC clones indicated that the BAC library sufficiently represents the gene complement. BAC end sequence data (514 reads, 299860 nt) indicated that the genome of B. glabrata contains ~ 63% AT, and disclosed several novel genes, transposable elements, and groups of high frequency sequence elements. This BG_BBa BAC library, available from AGI at cost to the research community, gains in relevance because BB02 strain B. glabrata is targeted whole genome sequencing by NHGRI.