156 resultados para INDUSTRIAL WASTES


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar clones de batata para processamento industrial, cultivados em condições de clima subtropical e temperado do Sul do Brasil. Foram avaliados 30 clones avançados e três cultivares (testemunhas), na primavera de 2007 e 2008, e no outono de 2008, em Júlio de Castilhos, RS (condição de clima subtropical), e no verão de 2008 e 2009, em São Joaquim, SC (condição de clima temperado). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial (33 clones em 5 ambientes), com duas ou três repetições de dez covas. Foram avaliados: a produção por cova, a aparência, a cor de chips e os teores de matéria seca e de açúcares redutores dos tubérculos. Houve interação significativa entre clones e ambientes para todas as características avaliadas, exceto quanto à cor de chips. A produção por cova e o teor de matéria seca dos tubérculos foram maiores no cultivo de verão. As condições ambientais de cultivo afetaram todos os caracteres avaliados. As condições de cultivo do Sul do Brasil possibilitam a seleção de clones de batata, com suficiente teor de matéria seca, para atender às exigências da indústria de processamento de batata.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Conduziu-se um experimento em casa de vegetação, com o objetivo de avaliar o crescimento de mudas de goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.), produzidas em blocos prensados, confeccionados com resíduos agro-industriais, e inoculadas com o fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA) Glomus clarum Nicolson & Schenck. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, sendo 2 tratamentos microbiológicos: controle e FMA; e 2 sistemas de produção de mudas: blocos prensados (nova metodologia) e tubetes plásticos (tradicional), com 5 repetições. O substrato utilizado para a confecção dos blocos prensados e enchimento dos tubetes foi constituído por uma mistura de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e torta de filtro (3:1 v/v). O FMA proporcionou aumentos significativos na produção de matéria seca, conteúdo de N e P da parte aérea da goiabeira, apenas no sistema de produção das mudas em blocos prensados. Mudas produzidas e inoculadas em blocos prensados mostraram um aumento de 88% na matéria seca da parte aérea, 82% e 89% para os conteúdos de nitrogênio e fósforo da parte aérea, respectivamente, em relação ao tratamento-controle.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Efetuou-se a caracterização física do fruto e físico-química da polpa do bacuri CPATU 207-3, oriundo de uma planta-matriz do Banco de Germoplasma de Bacurizeiro da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental. Para a caracterização física foi utilizada uma amostra de 50 frutos, os quais foram individualmente analisados quanto aos seguintes aspectos: cor do epicarpo, formato, peso, comprimento, diâmetro, espessura da casca, volume da cavidade interna, número de sementes e de segmentos partenocárpicos, rendimentos porcentuais (p/p) de casca, polpa, sementes e do conjunto representado pela coluna placentária e óvulos abortados. A caracterização físico-química foi efetuada em três amostras de polpa congelada a 18ºC negativos, provenientes de frutos em completo estádio de maturação, coletados nos meses de janeiro, fevereiro e março de 2001, tendo sido consideradas as seguintes variáveis: teores de umidade, de sólidos totais e de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix), pH, acidez total e a relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez total titulável. O bacuri CPATU 207-3 apresentou formato ovalado e com ápice ligeiramente pontiagudo, epicarpo de coloração amarelada, fruto de tamanho considerado médio e peso médio de 265,8 g. As principais características diferenciais desse tipo de bacuri são: a espessura da casca (0,75cm), o rendimento porcentual de polpa (27,7%) e o número de segmentos partenocárpicos (2,8 unidades/fruto). A polpa do bacuri CPATU 207-3 apresentou boas características físico-químicas, com 84,35% de umidade, 15,65% de sólidos totais, teor de sólidos solúveis totais de 14,53ºBrix, pH 3,34, acidez total titulável de 1,24% e relação ºBrix/acidez total titulável igual a 11,4. As características físicas e físico-químicas desse tipo de bacuri permitem sua utilização tanto para consumo na forma de fruta fresca como na forma industrializada. Nesse último caso, é particularmente indicado para fabricação de compota, em decorrência do elevado número de segmentos partenocárpicos que apresenta.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Com o objetivo de avaliar a influência de seis porta-enxertos sobre a maturação e as características físico-químicas de frutos de laranjeira 'Valência', instalou-se um experimento em janeiro de 1994, no município de Nova Esperança-PR. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, três plantas úteis por parcela e seis tratamentos, constituídos pelos porta-enxertos: limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia), tangerineiras 'Cleópatra' (C. reshni) e 'Sunki' (C. sunki), citrangeiro 'Troyer' (Poncirus trifoliata x C. sinensis), tangeleiro 'orlando' (C. tangerina x C. paradisi) e laranjeira 'Caipira'(C. sinensis). Avaliou-se a qualidade dos frutos em sete safras e a curva de maturação foi estimada para os anos de 1999 e 2000. Todos os porta-enxertos proporcionaram qualidade aceitável aos frutos da laranjeira 'Valência', com destaque para o citrangeiro 'Troyer' que superou o limoeiro 'Cravo' em rendimento industrial. Em um ano considerado com padrão climático normal, a evolução do índice tecnológico ajustou-se a uma equação de regressão quadrática, proporcionando melhor rendimento industrial quando os frutos foram colhidos no início de novembro, independentemente do porta-enxerto utilizado.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The contribution of the industrial activities to the environmental contamination phenomena is evident. Great efforts are dedicated to the establishment of methodologies which permits an adequate treatment of the produced effluents, as a manner of minimizing the environmental impact of these wastes. The methodologies based on photocatalytic processes are very promise alternatives, because permits degradation of a great number of chemical substances of high toxic potential, without the use of other chemicals. The present work is an overview about the principal environmental aspects related with the paper and cellulose industry and the main alternatives employed for the reduction of environmental impact produced for its residues. The principal results of the photocatalytic treatment of this kind of effluents using metallic semiconductors is also showed.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The content of digoxin and lanatoside C (jointly quantified), lanatoside A, lanatoside B, glucoevatromonoside, odorobioside G, glucogitoroside, glucoverodoxine, glucodigifucoside and digitalinum verum was determined by HPLC in Digitalis lanata harvested in Brazil, as well as in clones industrially employed for the production of cardenolides. The Brazilian plants presented greater variation in the contents of cardenolides than the analyzed clones. Lanatoside C and digoxin concentrations were higher in the clones (6120±640 nmol/g dry leaf) than in the Brazilian plants (1820±900 nmol/g dry leaf). The concentrations of these glycosides were found to be within the range described for native species and also were similar to an European cultivar, what makes possible its industrial use for the cardenolides production.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this study we describe an experimental procedure based on a chemical industrial process of soya-bean oil extraction applied in general chemistry for undergraduate students. The experiment was planned according to the Science, Technology and Society (STS) approach to teach basic chemical concepts and provide grounding in the management of environmental care. The use of real life chemistry problems seems to salient the relevance of chemistry to our students and enhances their motivation to learn both the practical and theoretical components of the discipline.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The monitoring of the pollution status of the Brazilian coast is hampered by the lack of a consistent environmental indicator. We propose Hg as an environmental proxy to anthropogenic pollution of coastal regions due to its absence in the Brazilian geology, its ubiquity in anthropogenic effluents, and its toxicity. Available data suggest Hg "backgrounds" in coastal sediments of 1-10 ng g-1, in the East and 15-30 ng g-1 in the South. We suggest short sediment cores to establish these values estimating a geo-accumulation index to compare all areas. The distribution of index values showed the majority of southern coast at least moderately contaminated whereas many eastern areas are still pristine.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The alteration in the quality of groundwater in the industrial zone of Brazil's southernmost state was assessed by a hydrogeochemical study. In 70-85% of the studied area, fluoride, nitrate and phosphate in groundwater surpass the maximum limits for human consumption according to Brazilian environmental legislation. The chemical spectrum of contaminants and their spatial distribution show that fertilizer production processes are responsible for groundwater pollution. The natural conditions of the region are not favorable for minimal protection against infiltration of pollutants into the aquifer.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This work describes a process for metal recovery from spent NiMo and CoMo/Al2O3 commercial hydrorefining catalysts. The samples were treated by fusion with potassium hydrogen sulfate (5 h, 600 ºC) with a KHSO4/catalyst mass ratio of 10:1. After fusion the solid was solubilized in water (100 ºC), leaving silicon compounds as residue. Losses of nickel and cobalt may reach 16 wt% of the amount present in the sample, depending on the silicon content. Soluble metals were isolated by selective precipitation techniques (nickel, cobalt, aluminum) or by solvent extraction with methyl-isobutyl ketone (molybdenum) in a hydrochloric acid medium. All metals were recovered in very good yields except for nickel and cobalt in the presence of considerable amounts of silicon. Soluble wastes consist of potassium/sodium sulfates/chlorides. Solid wastes correspond to about 4 wt% of the catalyst and can be discarded in industrial dumps.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study is a result of undergraduate student participation in the Environmental Chemistry discipline provided by the Chemistry Institute/UFBA. The students were involved in the development of passive samplers, a project of the LAQUAM (Environmental Analytical Chemistry Laboratory). The students' residences and other neighborhoods were used to create a passive sampling network, allowing the measurement of atmospheric levels of pollutants in urban areas and in those under industrial influence. The assembly of the passive samplers, including impregnation of filters and chemical analysis were part of the students' practice tasks. The results were analyzed taking into consideration the Brazilian legislation.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

REVIEW: Living organisms encountered in hostile environments that are characterized by extreme temperatures rely on novel molecular mechanisms to enhance the thermal stability of their proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and cell membranes. Proteins isolated from thermophilic organisms usually exhibit higher intrinsic thermal stabilities than their counterparts isolated from mesophilic organisms. Although the molecular basis of protein thermostability is only partially understood, structural studies have suggested that the factors that may contribute to enhance protein thermostability mainly include hydrophobic packing, enhanced secondary structure propensity, helix dipole stabilization, absence of residues sensitive to oxidation or deamination, and increased electrostatic interactions. Thermostable enzymes such as amylases, xylanases and pectinases isolated from thermophilic organisms are potentially of interest in the optimization of industrial processes due to their enhanced stability. In the present review, an attempt is made to delineate the structural factors that increase enzyme thermostability and to document the research results in the production of these enzymes.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This work presents a study on the determination of the optimal experimental conditions for processing spent commercial zeolites in order to recover lanthanide elements and eventually other elements. The process is based on the fusion of the sample with potassium hydrogenosulfate (KHSO4). Three experimental parameters were studied: temperature, reaction time and catalyst/flux mass ratio. After fusion the solid was dissolved in water and the amount of insoluble matter was used to determine the efficiency of the process. The optimized experimental parameters depend on the composition of the sample processed. Under such conditions the insoluble residue corresponds to SiO2. Lanthanide elements and aluminum present in solution were isolated by conventional precipitation techniques; the yields were at least 75 wt%. The final generated wastes correspond to neutral colorless solutions containing alkali chlorides/sulfates and solids that can be disposed of in industrial dumps.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This manuscript shows an overview of the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology based on industrial developments. The information presented has been collected mostly at conferences that the authors attended. It is observed that several companies have been pursuing the development of the SOFC technology. Significant advances in stability and power density have raised the economic interest in this technology recently. It is revealed that the SOFC materials are essentially the same ones that have been used in the past decades, and that the two most important designs of pre-commercial SOFC prototypes are the tubular and planar ones.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The performances of eight kinds of insulators from electrical distribution lines in Salvador-BA, Brazil, were evaluated considering the chemical and physical local environmental pollution. The parameters that were chosen as characteristic for the insulators' properties were leakage current and partial electrical discharge. A data storage processing system and a communication link to the lab were built for data acquisition. The results show that the main contribution to the poor performance of the insulators is settleable magnetite particulate matter on the insulator in addition to the long term wetness time, t4.