Effect of population densities of Heterodera glycines race 3 on leaf area, photosynthesis and yield of soybean

The effect of Heterodera glycines on photosynthesis, leaf area and yield of soybean (Glycine max) was studied in two experiments carried out under greenhouse condition. Soybean seeds were sown in 1.5 l (Experiment 1) or 5.0 l (Experiment 2) clay pots filled with a mixture of field soil + sand (1:1) sterilized with methyl bromide. Eight days after sowing, seedlings were thinned to one per pot, and one day later inoculated with 0; 1.200; 3.600; 10.800; 32.400 or 97.200 J2 juveniles of H. glycines. Experiment 1 was carried out during the first 45 days of the inoculation while Experiment 2 was conducted during the whole cycle of the crop. Measurements of photosynthetic rate, stomatic conductance, chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf color, leaf area, and chlorophyll leaf content were taken at ten-day intervals throughout the experiments. Data on fresh root weight, top dry weight, grain yield, number of eggs/gram of roots, and nematode reproduction factor were obtained at the end of the trials. Each treatment was replicated ten times. There was a marked reduction in both photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content, as well as an evident yellowing of the leaves of the infected plants. Even at the lowest Pi, the effects of H. glycines on the top dry weight or grain yield were quite severe. Despite the parasitism, soybean yield was highly correlated with the integrated leaf area and, accordingly, the use of this parameter was suggested for the design of potential damage prediction models that include physiological aspects of nematode-diseased plants.

Differential responses of nematode communities to soybean genotypes resistant and susceptible to Heterodera glycines race 3

Heterodera glycines and Helicotylenchus dihystera were the two most abundant plant-parasitic nematodes found in two H. glycines race 3-infested fields, Chapadão do Céu, MS and Campo Alegre, MG. These fields had been planted with resistant (R) and susceptible (S) plants to cyst nematodes. In the first field, soybean (Glycine max) FT-Cristalina (S) was susceptible to H. glycines but resistant to H. dihystera, while GOBR93 122243 (R) was just the opposite. In the second field, M-Soy 8400 (R) was more resistant to the spiral nematode than M-Soy8411 (S), but the resistance to the cyst nematode was not different between the two genotypes. The total abundance of nematodes was not different between the susceptible and resistant plants in the two fields, suggesting that H. dihystera and/or bacterial feeders and other trophic groups replaced the reduced abundance of the cyst nematodes in resistant plants. Bacterial feeders acted as a compensatory factor to plant-parasitic nematodes in ecological function. The populations of fungal feeders were higher in GOBR93 122243 (R) than in susceptible FT-Cristalina (S) in Chapadão do Céu, but lower in M-Soy 8400 (R) than in M-Soy 8411 (S) in Campo Alegre. This is being attributed to the different periods of soil samplings that were made at the florescent period in the first field, and at the final growing cycle in the second field. Only four nematodes, H. glycines, H. dihystera, Acrobeles sp. and Panagrolaimus sp. dominated the nematode resistant community GOBR93 122243 (R) in Chapadão do Céu, but dominance was shared by ten genera in Campo Alegre, which explains why the five diversity indexes (S, d, Ds, H' and T) were higher in resistant plants than in susceptible plants in field two.

Cisto esplênico não-parasitário e não-neoplásico

The authors present a rare case of pathology from spleen, a nonparasitic, non-neoplastic splenic cyst, in an adult male patient without a previous history of abdominal trauma. Principal clinical findings were pain in left upper quadrant, nausea, regurgitation and precocious satiation. On investigation, ultrasonography and CT scan showed an expansive lesion in the spleen, compressing the stomach. Surgical procedure was splenectomy and a microscopical examination revealed a non- parasitic, non-neoplastic splenic cyst. Splenic cysts are usually benigns, but surgical remotion is necessary when they are symptomatic or exist risk of rupture. In this report is presented the classification of splenic cysts, clinical manifestations, diagnostics methods and discussed their surgical treatment.

Cisto de colédoco em adulto

Choledochal cyst is a rare congenital malformation of the biliary tree, and aproximately 25% of them are diagnosed in adults. Appropriate surgical management of these lesions depends on the anatomic site and extension of the cystic process. The recognized association of the bile duct cysts with hepatobiliary malignant disease has important surgical implications. Total cyst removal and cholecistectomy with Roux-en- Y hepaticojejunostomy was performed in a 47 year old female with a common bile duct cyst tipe 1 postoperative period was uneventful. A review of literature is presented.

Carcinoma folicular tireoideo metastático para ducto tireoglosso

The authors present a case of a female. 43-year-old patient. with a neck mass suggestive of a thyroglossal duct cyst. During the operation. a hard and adherent mass was found and the pathological findings demonstrated a metastatic follicular carcinoma. Despite of the negative image, total thyroidectomy was performed and a small primary tumor of 0,2cm was found in the left inferior lobe. There were only three of these cases reported.

Linfangioma cístico do fígado

Hepatic lymphangioma developed from a malformation that blocks the lymphatic system of a given area of the liver is a rare benign tumor observed most often in children and adolescents. The authors report and discuss a case of cystic lymphangioma of the liver in a 65 years old female patient, from a region where hydatid disease is endemic, with a complaint of epigastric pain, nausea, and vomiting. The patient presented a non-pulsatile mass, with severe pain at palpation in the epigastric region, The diagnostic investigation revealed a large cystic lesion in the left lobe of the liver; and she was submitted to bisegmentectomy II and III, which showed a hepatic lymphangioma. Considering the progressive character of this lesion, it should be carefully evaluated, since the removal of the lymphangioma is a safe, curative procedure.

Linfangioma cístico do mesentério: uma rara apresentação de abdômen agudo

Mesenteric cyst is a rare intra abdominal pathology. The incidence ranges from 1/100,000 to 1/250,000 hospital admissions. The authors present a case of a female patient, 20 years old, with abdominal pain for four months which three days had an acute onset of abdominal pain, and ultrasound revealed a cyst of mesentery within a dense fluid. The patient had been submitted to a laparotomy, and resection of the cyst. We emphasized the clinical symptoms, diagnostic evaluation and the therapeutic of this condition.

Abordagem videolaparoscópica de cisto esplênico não parasitário

A rare case of primary splenic cyst is shown in a young woman who had a left subcostal abdominal pain. Abdominal echography and CT scan revealed a cyst of the anterior aspect of the spleen. A sorologic test for hidatic disease was negative. On the basis of a presumed diagnostic of nonparasitic cyst, the patient was referred to a laparoscopic decapsulation with excision of the cyst wall not covered by splenic tissue. The patient was discharged 24 hours later. Histological report revelead epidermoid cyst. The laparoscopic approach has being recently considered an effective and less invasive alternative in the treatment of splenic diseases. We demonstrated that it should be considered for the treatment of splenic cysts present in a superficial location, with the advantage of organ preservation.

Cisto epidérmico pré-sacral no adulto

Presacral tumors are relatively uncommon. We report a case of presacral epidermal cyst in a 29-years-old female, which was completely extirpated through a posterior approach ,whitout removal of the coccyx. Histological examination showed a cyst lined by keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Cisto de colédoco em criança

We report the case of a one-year and two-months-old child with a choledochal cyst tYpe I of Alonso-Lej and Todani's classification , diagnosed through abdominal ultrasound. The surgical treatment was cholecistectomy and choledochal cyst excision with Roux-in-Y hepatic- jejunostomy. Minor complications were observed during early postoperative recovery. Long-term flow-up has been uneventiful, with overall improvement.

Cisto de mesentério

Mesenteric cyst is a rare abdominal disease, with a higher incidence among women and 1: 250.000 incidence among hospitalized adults and 1: 200.000 among hospitalized children. Thereby, we report a case of a 10 years old child, male, presenting a large mesenteric cyst, which occupied almost all the abdominal and pelvic cavities and treated by resection during laparotomy.

Cisto de duplicação gástrica com parênquima pancreático ectópico em adulto assintomático

The authors describe a rare case of a gastric duplication cyst in a 55-year-old man. The past history revealed that the patient was treated one year before for gastroduodenal ulcer. The cyst was discovered incidentally at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsies showed inflammation without evidence of tumor. On abdominal ultrasonography and CT scan, a left upper quadrant mass was noted. At laparotomy, a mass measuring 6,0 cm in contact with the stomach was excised. Histopathology showed a gastric duplication cyst containing pancreatic mucosa.

Cisto de úraco em adultos simulando abdômen agudo

Urachus anomalies are generally asymptomatic, but when infected can simulate acute abdomen. This anomaly has to be deemed when abdominal tenderness is associated with inflammation signs in parumbilical or hypogastric regions. Ultrasonography has great sensibility to settle down the diagnosis as observed from our three cases. Ultrasonography images with air suggest intestinal fistula in most cases with sigmoid or ileum as shown here.

Perfuração espontânea da via biliar principal na infância

The authors report a case of spontaneous perforation of the biliary tract (S.P.B.T) in a three-month-old infant. The diagnosis was suspected before the operation by clinical signs and diagnostic tests. The importance of paracentesis and scintigraphy is stressed. A surgical approach was chosen and drainage procedure of the area around the perforation and a cholecystostomy were done. S.P.B.T. is rare and its etiology is controversial, but cannot be forgotten in association between biliary ascites and cholestatic jaundice during the first months of life.

Cisto de colédoco em adulto: anomalia da junção do colédoco com o ducto pancreático submetido à ressecção do cisto e à derivação biliar e pancreática

Common bile duct cysts are rare congenital anomalies which have been diagnosed only in twenty per cent of adults. The etiology is uncertain, but many patients have an anomalous pancreatobiliary junction anatomy. We present a case of a young man with a type I Alonso-Lej/ Todani common bile duct cyst and an anomalous common bile duct-pancreatic junction anatomy. Because the common bile duct did not have a segment of normal caliber, to avoid compromising with the pancreatic channel after the excision of the cyst, we performed a Roux-en-Y anastomosis by anastomosing the biliary duct to the proximal excluded jejunal loop and the common duct-pancreatic junction to the same more distally loop.