Contribuição ao estudo do problema alimentar da Amazônia

Salientando os diversos aspectos a atender, para a solução racional do problema da alimentação na Amazônia, aliás já fixados em 1941 pela Comissão que traçou as linhas gerais de um plano de saneamento dessa vasta região, aludem os A.A. às realizações já empreendidas dentro do programa traçado, e que versaram apenas sôbre os hábitos alimentares de um grande núcleo de população e sôbre o valor nutritivo de alguns elementos pouco conhecidos da fauna e da flora locais. Abordam, à guisa de ensaio, neste trabalho, o ponto concernente ao planejamento de regimes adequados, que se adaptem tanto às exigências, como as possibilidades regionais. Frisam, então, de início, as bases racionais a que devem eles obedecer respeito não só à redução do total de calorias, fornecidas, nos seus 2/3, por hidratos de carbono e ao qual se subordinam as cotas das três principais vitaminas do complexo B,* como também a restrição, igualmente indicada, da taxa de proteínas; respeito, ainda, as cotas recomendáveis das vitaminas A e C e de cálcio, dando aí especial atenção ao detalhe da sua aproveitabilidade. Referem, de passagem, à conveniência de não se descurar do problema do ferro alimentar, em face das endemias reinantes na região e das dificuldades para fazer, artificialmente, o enriquecimento marcial dos regimes, já que, para instituí-los, partem do principio de ser vantajoso lançar mão de recursos de produção local, sem ficar em marcada dependência de grandes centres distribuidores regionais. Mostrando as dificuldades para a utilização, na escala desejada, da carne e leite de vaca, como artigos básicos de regime — e apontam, entre os percalços, os inerentes ao transporte e conservação desses alimentos — apresentam uma tabela básica, para o adulto em trabalho moderado, a qual lhe fornece 2.600 calorias diárias e obedece aos pontos fundamentais já aludidos. Nela figuram: os peixes, cujas variedades de pequeno porte poderão, com vantagem, ser consumidas fritas ou torradas, com espinhas; o amendoim; as verduras de produção econômica na Amazônia, incluídas na lista as ramas de batata doce, da mandioca e do inhame; essas raízes e tubérculos feculentos, de parceria com o cara; a farinha de mandioca, de grande uso na região; frutas, em que e, alias, rica a flora local; melado ou rapadura, como boa fonte de açucarados, cálcio e ferro; gorduras de origem animal e vegetal. Detêm-se, a propósito de cada um desses alimentos, sôbre o seu valor nutritivo e as possibilidades reais de produção local ou regional. Enumeram, por fim, vários outros, a que, similarmente, será possível recorrer, em maior ou menor escala — criação de animais domésticos, caças, carne e ovos de tartaruga, arroz, raízes, brotos de palmeiras, feijão de vara, castanhas de sapucaia, do caju e do Para — numa demonstração de ser possível a Amazônia valer-se, de muito, a si própria, no tocante à alimentação das suas populações.

Notas de Ixodologia: IV - considerações sôbre a nomeclatura de algumas espécies do gênero Amblyomma do Brasil e países limítrofes (Acari: Ixodidae)

An attempt is made to clear the nomenclature of some netropical species of the genus Amblyomma. Amblyomma myrmecophagium Schulze, 1933 and Amblyomma brasiliense guyanense Floch et Abonnenc, 1933, are synonyms of Amblyoma scalpturatum Neumann, 1906. Amblyomma superbrasiliense Schulze, 1941, is cospecific with Amblyomma incisum Neumann, 1906. Amblyomma ypsilophorum Schulze, 1941, is a synonym of Amblyomma cooperi Nuttal et Warburton, 1907.

Contribuição para o conhecimento das doenças do grupo "Tifo Exantemático" do Brasil: (Tifo Exantemático Neotrópico)

O A. recapitula os dados já conhecidos sôbre a filtrabilidade de muitas Rickettsias e sôbre o que êle chama o ciclo evolutivo das mesmas, citando os trabalhos de S. B. Dulky e E. Gordon sôbre a Coxiella papilliae e a observação de A. Donatien e F. Lestoquard bem como os de P. Giraud. Refere-se à filtrabilidade do agente da febre "Q". Reporta-se depois aos trabalhos de Mme. Ruth Rein Gutfreund sôbre os achados de Rickettsia prowazedi em animais domésticos na Etiópia e a transmissão dos mesmos pelos carrapatos, dizendo que isto confirma suas próprias idéias, de há muito emitidas, de que não há no grupo tifo exantemático, de regra, especificidade estrita para os transmissores, não podendo êste carácter servir de base para classificações racionais. Descreve um caso clínico, mostrando a dificuldade de diagnóstico cofundido com a febre tifóide, mesmo com longa prática do exame na doença e que só a inoculação em animais sensíveis - aqui os cobaios - pode decidir a questão. Estuda depois dois surtos epidêmicos de tifo exantemático neotrópico - em 1950 em Carmópolis (Minas Gerais); outro em 1956, Mucuri (Bahia). Em ambos, a percentagem de mortes dos casos graves, não tratados, foi elevada e a terapêutica pelos antibióticos, principalmente a Cloromicetina e Terramicina foi brilhante. Nestes dois surtos epidêmicos com já se vira em 1941 (4 casos na mesma residência) e 1948 (6 casos na mesma moradia), apuraram-se 2 e 3 casos da doença na mesma casa. As reações de Fixação de Complemento (R.F.C.), Weil-Feliz (W.F.) e Widal - confirmam o diagnóstico de tifo exantemático neotrópico.

Terceira contribuicäo ao conhecimento do gênero Archytas Jaennicke, 1867: (Diptera, Tachinidae)

Twelve species of the genus Archytas Jennicke, 1867, eight of which described as new are studied and figured in detail. Definitions of the species are based mainly on characters of male genitalia. The male genital characters are the most significant for separation of the species and most demonstrative of their affinities. By examining a long series of species of this genus we came to the conclusion that the presence of one pair of median marginal bristles on the third abdominal tergite seems to be characteristic of the genus. This caracter apparently so important, is not however considered fundamental. The most significant example is found in Archytas lenkoi sp. n. and Archytas vexor Curran, 1928. In A. lenkoi we can find one or two pairs or thay may, less frquently, be absent. In A. vexor these bristles are lacking. The shape of the male copulatory apparatus of Jurinia nitidiventris Curran, 1928 refered to by CURRAN in his "Revision of Archytas", is not characteristic of any species of the group and so, is not considered in this paper. To help in the identification, the species studied here are divided into groups. The analis group" includes: A. apicifer (Walker, 1894), A. californiae (Walker, 1856), A. nivalis Curran, 1928, a. giacomellii (Blanchard, 1941), A. basifulvus (Walker, 1849), A. incasanus Townsend, 1912 and A. cirphis Curran, 1927. The identification of members of these group is extremely difficult owing both to their similarity in colour pattern and to their variability. They all have black testaceous or dark brown abdomen, the last segment pale or brownish pollinose; second segment without bristles; third with a pair of strong marginals, fourth and fifth with two rows of discals on apical third. The final determination often rests upon the structure of the male copulatory apparatus. Fortunately in this group, many of the forcipes superiores and palpi genitalium are strikingly different from one another. The "zikani group" includes: A. zikani sp. n., A seabrai sp. n., A. duckei sp. n. and A. vernalis Curran, 1928. This group may be characterized as follows: forcipes interiores absent; forcipes superiores strongly chitinized an dilated at anex. Within this group, the forcipes of. A. seabrai sp. n. do not present an aberrant form. The "dissimilis group" will be studied in forthcoming papers. The limits of the genus Archyta Jaen. are not as yet sharply difined, the evaluation of the significance of each character used in the definition remaining as most difficult problem. The distinction between Archytas and other related genera is very difficult, chiefly because it is based on variable characters. In this paper we place the genera Parafabricia Towsend, 1931, Itachytas Blanchard, 1940, Archynemochaeta Blanchard, 1941, Proarchytoides Blanchard, 1941 and Archytodejeania Blanchard, 1941 in the synonymy of Archytas Jaen. The detailed examination of the characters used in their definition, proved them to be fundamentally proposed on basis of chaetotasy, these characters alone being precarious, because of the considerabel intraspecifical variation. The type of the new species are in the Oswaldo Cruz Institute collection. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and paratypes in the collections of the followings institutions: Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria de Agricultura do Estado de São Paulo; Instituto de Ecologia e Experimemtação Agrícolas; Departamento de Defesa Sanitária Vegetal; Campos Seabra collection; and Barbiellini collection.

Some observations on the biology and morphology of the immature stages of Psychodopygus wellcomei fraiha, shaw and lainson, 1971: (Diptera: psychodidae)

Under laboratory conditions, the development from egg to adult of P. wellcomei takes an average of 42 days. The larval tages are similar to those of P. arthuri, described by barretto (1941), but can be distinguished from this species by the ratio of the first to second antennal segment, by the form of the lateral head seate and prothoracic dorsolateral setae. The pupal stage of P. wellcomei is characterized by a trifid pre-alar seta and simple spine-like thoracic and abdominal setae.

Estudo de dois trematódeos parasitos de peixes marinhos

Rhipidocotyle angusticolle Chandler, 1941 é referida pela primeira vez no Brasil em seu novo hospedador, Scomber colias Gm., proveniente do litoral de Cabo Frio, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Opecoeloides pedicathedrae Travassos, Freitas & Bührnheim, 1966 é reencontrada também em novo hospedador, Menticirrhus americanus (L.), proveniente da Praia de Mauá, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram feitas as redescrições morfológicas dessas espécies, mostrando as variações encontradas, acompanhadas de figuras originais.

About some trematodes parasites of Haemulon sciurus (Shaw, 1803)

From September, 1980 to August, 1981 forty specimens of Haemulon sciurus from "Praia da Ribeira, Ilha do Governador", Rio de Janeiro State, were examined for parasites. In this paper, parcial results concerning only the collected trematodes are reported: Diplomonorchis leiostomi Hopkins, 1941 (first record in Brazil and in a new host); Lasiotocus beauforti (Hopkins, 1941) Thomas, 1959 (new host record); Genolopa ampullacea Linton, 1910; Parahemiurus merus (Linton, 1910) Yamaguti, 1938 (new host record): Aponurus pyriformis (Linton, 1910) Overstreet, 1973 and Diplangus paxillus Linton, 1910. Figures, measurements and comments of each species are given.

A genitália externa dos machos no complexo Triatoma phyllosoma (Burm.) espécies mexicanas transmissoras da doença de Chagas (Hemiptera, Reduviidae)

Foram estudadas as genitálias externas masculinas das cinco espécies que constituem o complexo phyllosoma: Triatoma phyllosoma (Burmeister, 1835), T. pallidipennis (Stal, 1872), T. longipennis Usinger, 1939, T. picturata Usinger, 1939 e T. mazzottii Usinger, 1941, todas encontradas naturalmente infectadas pelo Trypanosoma cruzi, e, com exceção de T. picturata, colonizando no domicílio humano. São espécies muito próximas, não só pelo aspecto externo, como pela área geográfica onde ocorrem, a região ocidental do México. As estruturas constituintes dessas genitálias foram analisadas comparativamente, com o intuito de ampliar o estudo das aludidas espécies, criando informações morfológicas adicionais à taxonomia atualmente aceita. Foram evidenciadas quatro estruturas no edeago: falosoma, suporte da falosoma, processo do endosoma e vesica; uma no aparelho articular, o processo do gonoporo; e outra no pigóforo, o processo do pigóforo. Essas estruturas apresentam pequenas variações no tamanho e na forma, acentuando a proximidade das espécies entre si e a dificuldade existente para a compreensão perfeita do status taxonômico de cada uma. O trabalho completar-se-á com a discussão dos já conhecidos aspectos morfológicos externos e os evidenciados pela morfologia das genitálias.

Skrjabinoclava tupacincai Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1970 in Brazil and some other helminths from tyrannidae birds

Brief comments are made on five species of nematodes: Skrjabinoclava tupacincai Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1970, Deliria gomesae Vicente, Pinto & Noronha, 1980, Ornithofilaria pitangi Vicente, Pinto & Noronha, 1980, Diplotriaena delirae Pinto & Noronha, 1970, Thelazia sp.; three species of trematodes: Lutztrema transversum (Travassos, 1917) Travassos, 1941, Lophosicyadiplostomum nephrocystis (Lutz, 1928) Dubois, 1937, Gynaecotyla jägerskiöldi (Travassos, 1920) Yamaguti, 1939; one species of cestode: Biuterina campanulata (Rudolphi, 1819) and one species of acanthocephala: Centrorhynchus opimus Travassos, 1921, that were studied in order to provide some data concerning the examined samples.

Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) maricaensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Capillariidae) and remarks on the helminthological fauna of Liolaemus lutzae Mertens, 1938 (Lacertilia, Iguanidae)

Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyicapillaria) maricaensis n. sp. is described from the small intestine of the lizard, Liolaemus lutzae Meterns, 1938, collected in the State of Rio de Janeiro Brazil. The author compares the new species with Capillaria crotaliRudolphi, 1819) Travassos, 1915, Capillaria freitaslenti Araujo & Gandra, 1941, Pseudocapillaria (Pseudocapillaria) amarali (Freitas & Lent, 1934) Moravec, 1952, Pseudocapillaria (Pseudocapillaria) cezarpintoi (Freitas & Lent, 1934)Moravec, 1952 and Pseudocapillaria (Ichthyocapillaria) murinae (travassos, 1914) Moravec, 1952 previously reported from lizards in Brazil. The nematode Thelandros sceleratus Travassos, 1923 and the trematode paradistomum parvissimum (Travassos, 1918) Travassos, 1919 are for the first time reported from this same host.

Isoenzymes Detect Variation in Populations of Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae)

Triatoma brasiliensis is one of the most important vectors of Chagas disease in the semiarid zone of the northeast of Brazil. Intraspecific morphological and behavioural variation has been reported for different populations. Results for four distinct populations using eight isoenzymes are reported here. The literature describes three subspecies: T. brasiliensis brasiliensis Neiva, 1911; T. brasiliensis melanica Neiva & Lent, 1941 and T. brasiliensis macromelasoma Galvão, 1956. These subspecies differ mainly in their cuticle colour pattern and were regarded as synonyms by Lent and Wygodzinsky (1979). In order to evaluate whether the chromatic pattern is a morphological variation of different melanic forms within T. brasiliensis or due to interspecific variation, field collections were performed in localities where these three subspecies have been described: Caicó (Rio Grande do Norte), the type-locality for T. b. brasiliensis; Petrolina (Pernambuco) for T. b. macromelasoma and Espinosa (Minas Gerais) for T. b. melanica. A fourth distinct chromatic pattern was found in Juazeiro (Bahia). A total of nine loci were studied. Values of Nei's genetic distance (D) were calculated. T. b. brasiliensis and T. b. macromelasoma are the closest populations with a D=0.295. T. b. melanica had a D ³ 0.537 when compared to the others, a distance in the range of interspecific variation for other triatomine species

Ecotopes, Natural Infection and Trophic Resources of Triatoma brasiliensis (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae)

Triatoma brasiliensis is considered as one of the most important Chagas disease vectors in the northeastern Brazil. This species presents chromatic variations which led to descriptions of subspecies, synonymized by Lent and Wygodzinsky (1979). In order to broaden bionomic knowledge of these distinct colour patterns of T. brasiliensis, captures were performed at different sites, where the chromatic patterns were described: Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte (T. brasiliensis brasiliensis Neiva, 1911), it will be called the "brasiliensis population"; Espinosa, Minas Gerais (T. brasiliensis melanica Neiva & Lent 1941), the "melanica population" and Petrolina, Pernambuco (T. brasiliensis macromelasoma, Galvão 1956), the "macromelasoma population". A fourth chromatic pattern was collected in Juazeiro, Bahia the darker one in overall cuticle coloration, the "Juazeiro population". At the sites of Caicó, Petrolina and Juazeiro, specimens were captured in peridomiciliar ecotopes and in wilderness. In Espinosa the specimens were collected only in wilderness, even though several exhaustive captures have been performed in peridomicile at different sites of this municipality. A total of 298 specimens were captured. The average registered infection rate was 15% for "brasiliensis population" and of 6.6% for "melanica population". Specimens of "macromelasoma" and of "Juazeiro populations" did not present natural infection. Concerning trophic resources, evaluated by the precipitin test, feeding eclecticism for the different colour patterns studied was observed, with dominance of goat blood in household surroundings as well as in wilderness

Triatoma bassolsae sp. n. from Mexico with a key to species of "phyllosoma" complex

According to the descriptions of five closely related species of the genus Triatoma Laporte, 1832: T. phyllosoma (Burmeister, 1835), T. pallidipennis (Stal, 1872), T. picturata Usinger, 1939, T. longipennis Usinger, 1939 and T. mazzottii Usinger, 1941 and further published studies, these species could be included in a "specific complex" named as the species formerly described. All these species are typical from Mexico and another species was found in the same country, in the State of Puebla: Triatoma bassolsae sp. n. This species was morphologically compared with the other five of the "phyllosoma" complex, including the external male genitalia. The most important characters used to separate T. bassolsae from T. phyllosoma (which is the most similar to the other species) are the morphometric relationships on the head, with a longer anteocular region and a significant longer second rostral segment, a long and conspicuous pilosity in different areas of the body and specially on the head, and the characters of the anterolateral, lateral and discal tubercles of the pronotum, very long and sharp in the new species. The male genitalia has several differences between T. bassolsae and T. phyllosoma specially significant on the surface of the endosome process and on the branches of the phallosome support, separated at the apex in the new species. Types and paratypes are incorporated in the respective institutions in Mexico DF and Rio de Janeiro.

Intestinal Coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) of Brazilian Lizards. Eimeria carmelinoi n.sp., from Kentropyx calcarata and Acroeimeria paraensis n.sp. from Cnemidophorus lemniscatus lemniscatus (Lacertilia: Teiidae)

Eimeria carmelinoi n.sp., is described in the teiid lizard Kentropyx calcarata Spix, 1825 from north Brazil. Oocysts subspherical to spherical, averaging 21.25 x 20.15 µm. Oocyst wall smooth, colourless and devoid of striae or micropyle. No polar body or conspicuous oocystic residuum, but frequently a small number of fine granules in Brownian movement. Sporocysts, averaging 10.1 x 9 µm, are without a Stieda body. Endogenous stages characteristic of the genus: intra-cytoplasmic, within the epithelial cells of the ileum and above the host cell nucleus. A re-description is given of a parasite previously described as Eimeria cnemidophori, in the teiid lizard Cnemidophorus lemniscatus lemniscatus. A study of the endogenous stages in the ileum necessitates renaming this coccidian as Acroeimeria cnemidophori (Carini, 1941) nov.comb., and suggests that Acroeimeria pintoi Lainson & Paperna, 1999 in the teiid Ameiva ameiva is a synonym of A. cnemidophori. A further intestinal coccidian, Acroeimeria paraensis n.sp. is described in C. l. lemniscatus, frequently as a mixed infection with A. cnemidophori. Mature oocysts, averaging 24.4 x 21.8 µm, have a single-layered, smooth, colourless wall with no micropyle or striae. No polar body, but the frequent presence of a small number of fine granules exhibiting Brownian movements. Sporocysts 9 x 8, without a Stieda body. Endogenous stages epicytoplasmic, characteristic of the genus, in the upper ileum. The importance of a study of the endogenous stages of eimeriid coccidia is discussed.

Review of the genus Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 (Coleoptera, Elateridae, Agrypninae)

The genus Chalcolepidius is revised. Type specimens of 65 nominal species, except C. costatus Pjatakowa, 1941, C. fleutiauxi Pjatakowa, 1941 and C. viriditarsus Schwarz, 1906, are examined. Eighty five species are studied, of which 34 are synonymyzed and 12 new species described; three species, C. alicii Pjatakowa, 1941, C. haroldi Candèze, 1878 and C. unicus Fleutiaux, 1910, formely included in this genus, are not congeneric and are removed; C. validus Candèze, 1857 is revalidated. The genus is now formed by 63 species. Redescriptions, illustrations and a key for the examined species, and a cladistic analysis for groups of species are also included. New synonyms established: C. apacheanus Casey, 1891 = C. simulans Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. acuminatus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. nobilis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. approximatus Erichson, 1841 = C. aztecus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. niger Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. attenuatus Erichson, 1841 = C. cuneatus Champion, 1894 syn. nov. = C. tenuis Champion, 1894 syn. nov.; C. aurulentus Candèze, 1874 = C. candezei Dohrn, 1881 syn. nov. = C. grossheimi Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. bomplandii Guérin, 1844 = C. humboldti Candèze, 1881 syn. nov.; C. chalcantheus Candèze, 1857 = C. violaceous Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. cyaneus Candèze, 1881 = C. scitus Candèze, 1889 syn. nov. = C. abbreviatovittatus Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov.; C. desmarestii Chevrolat, 1835 = C. brevicollis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. gossipiatus Guérin, 1844 = C. erichsonii Guérin-Méneville, 1844 syn. nov. = C. lemoinii Candèze, 1857 syn. nov.; C. inops Candèze, 1886 = C. murinus Champion, 1894 syn. nov.; C. jansoni Candèze, 1874 = C. mucronatus Candèze, 1889 syn. nov.; C. lacordairii Candèze, 1857 = C. exquisitus Candèze, 1886 syn. nov. = C. monachus Candèze, 1893 syn. nov.; C. lenzi Candèze, 1886 = C. behrensi Candèze, 1886 syn. nov.; C. oxydatus Candèze, 1857 = C. jekeli Candèze, 1874 syn. nov.; C. porcatus (Linnaeus, 1767) = C. peruanus Candèze, 1886 syn. nov. = C. flavostriatus Pjatakowa, 1941 syn. nov. = C. herbstii multistriatus Golbach, 1977 syn. nov.; C. rugatus Candèze, 1857 = C. amictus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. smaragdinus LeConte, 1854 = C. ostentus Casey, 1907 syn. nov. = C. rectus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1777) = C. herbstii Erichson, 1841 syn. nov; C. virens (Fabricius, 1787) = C. perrisi Candèze, 1857 syn. nov.; C. virginalis Candèze, 1857 = C. championi Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. viridipilis (Say, 1825) = C. debilis Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. webbi LeConte, 1854 = C. sonoricus Casey, 1907 syn. nov.; C. zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829 = C. longicollis Candèze, 1857 syn. nov. New species described: C. albisetosus sp. nov. (Ecuador), C. albiventris sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. copulatuvittatus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. extenuatuvittatus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. fasciatus sp. nov. (Mexico: Durango), C. ferratuvittatus sp. nov. (Ecuador), C. proximus sp. nov. (Mexico: Sinaloa), C. serricornis sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. spinipennis sp. nov. (Mexico: Veracruz), C. supremus sp. nov. (Venezuela), C. truncuvittatus sp. nov. (Mexico: Tamaulipas) and C. virgatipennis sp. nov. (Mexico: Durango). Redescribed species: C. angustatus Candèze, 1857, C. apacheanus Casey, 1891, C. approximatus Erichson, 1841, C. attenuatus Erichson, 1841, C. aurulentus Candèze, 1874, C. bomplandii Guérin-Méneville, 1844, C. boucardi Candèze, 1874, C. chalcantheus Candèze, 1857, C. corpulentus Candèze, 1874, C. cyaneus Candèze, 1881, C. desmarestii Chevrolat, 1835, C. dugesi Candèze, 1886, C. erythroloma Candèze, 1857, C. eschscholtzi Chevrolat, 1833, C. exulatus Candèze, 1874, C. fabricii Erichson, 1841, C. forreri Candèze, 1886, C. fryi Candèze, 1874, C. gossipiatus Guérin-Méneville, 1844, C. inops Candèze, 1886, C. jansoni Candèze, 1874, C. lacordairii Candèze, 1857, C. lafargi Chevrolat, 1835, C. lenzi Candèze, 1886, C. limbatus (Fabricius, 1777), C. mexicanus Castelnau, 1836, C. mniszechi Candèze, 1881, C. mocquerysii Candèze, 1857, C. morio Candèze, 1857, C. obscurus Castelnau, 1836, C. oxydatus Candèze, 1857, C. porcatus (Linnaeus, 1767), C. pruinosus Erichson, 1841, C. rodriguezi Candèze, 1886, C. rostainei Candèze, 1889, C. rubripennis LeConte, 1861, C. rugatus Candèze, 1857, C. silbermanni Chevrolat, 1835, C. smaragdinus LeConte, 1854, C. sulcatus (Fabricius, 1777), C. tartarus Fall, 1898, C. validus Candèze, 1857, reval., C. villei Candèze, 1878, C. virens (Fabricius, 1787), C. virginalis Candèze, 1857, C. viridipilis (Say, 1825), C. webbi LeConte, 1854, C. zonatus Eschscholtz, 1829.