Polarizabilidade atômica efetiva alfad pode ditar a ionização de radioligantes 99Tc m - diaminoditiol alquilamínicos?

Polarizability correlates well with organic ion stabilization in solution and can be defined as a measure of the relative ease of the distortion of the electronic cloud of a dipolar system exposed to an external electric field. The effective atomic polarizability, alphad, has a fundamental influence on chemical reactivity in the gas phase and in solution. In terms of chemical reactivity the charge is generated within the molecule as a positive charge due to protonation, ionization or resulting from the attack of a nucleophilic anion. In this paper, lipoidal diaminedithiol (DADT) perfusion radioligands based on 99Tc m and possessing an alkylamine side chain have been used to check the influence of alphad on their brain uptake. Some new DADT derivatives, respectively DADT-DIPA (diaminedithiol - diisopropylamine), DADT DIBA (diaminedithiol diisobutylamine), DADT-PR (diaminedithiol - branched pyperidine), have been designed to have high nitrogen alkylamine alphad values. In spite of the fact of higher alphad values having been correlated to higher brain uptakes, there isn't a clear mechanism able to trap these radioligands into the brain space.

Analytical methods for vancomycin determination in biological fluids and in pharmaceuticals

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic employed in the treatment of infections caused by certain methicillin-resistant staphylococci. It is indicated also for patients allergic to penicillin or when there is no response to penicillins or cephalosporins. The adequate vancomycin concentration levels in blood serum lies between 5 and 10 mg/L. Higher values are toxic, causing mainly nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Various analytical methods are described in the literature: spectrophotometric, immunologic, biologic and chromatographic methods. This paper reviews the main analytical methods for vancomycin determination in biological fluids and in pharmaceutical preparations.

Estudo fitoquímico do decocto das folhas de Maytenus truncata Reissek e avaliação das atividades antinociceptiva, antiedematogênica e antiulcerogênica de extratos do decocto

The present paper describes the phytochemical investigation and biological activities of the chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaf decocts of M. truncata Reiss (Celastraceae). Our studies afforded two flavonoid glycosides, quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl-O-glucopyranosyl- O-rhamnopyranosyl-O-galactopyranoside (1) and kampferol-3-O-rhamnopyranosyl-O-glucopyranosyl- O-rhamnopyranosyl-O-galactopyranoside (2) from the methanolic extract and dulcitol (3) from the ethyl acetate extract. Ethyl acetate and methanol extracts exhibited considerable antiulcerogenic and analgesic activities. The results of the phytochemical studies suggest that the healing activity of methanol extracts can be related to the presence of glycosyl flavonoids.

Produção de matéria seca e de grãos por plantas de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivadas em solos tratados com metais pesados

This work aimed at evaluating the contents of extractable Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu with a solution of DTPA (diethyleneaminopentacetic acid) and to relate them with the production of dry material and grain production of bean plants under two conditions of experimentally contaminated soil materials with Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn: (i) samples of distrofic red latosol and (ii) humic yellow-red latosol. A decrease in the yield of dry matter was observed for all treatments, if compared with the zero-dose control sample; the grain yield was affected for the soil samples treated with Cd and Cu but only slightly for those treated with Pb and Zn.

Antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity of essential oil from the leaves of Annona foetida (Annonaceae)

bicyclogermacrene (35.12%), (E)-caryophyllene (14.19%) and α-copaene (8.19%). The antimicrobial and antileishmanial activities were investigated. The oil showed potent antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and Rhodococcus equi. The oil also showed significant antileishmanial activity, giving the best results against Leishmania guyanensis. A preliminary cytotoxicity assay for this oil was carried out on hamster and mice (Balb/c) peritoneal macrophages. The results obtained were similar to pentamidine and considered not to be cytotoxic to macrophages.

Flow injection green method for the quantitative analysis of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical preparations

A flow injection method for the quantitative analysis of ketoconazole in tablets, based on the reaction with iron (III) ions, is presented. Ketoconazole forms a red complex with iron ions in an acid medium, with maximum absorbance at 495 nm. The detection limit was estimated to be 1×10--4 mol L-1; the quantitation limit is about 3×10--4 mol L-1 and approximately 30 determinations can be performed in an hour. The results were compared with those obtained with a reference HPLC method. Statistical comparisons were done using the Student's t procedure and the F test. Complete agreement was found at the 0.95 significance level between the proposed flow injection and the HPLC procedures. The two methods present similar precision, i.e., for HPLC the mean relative standard deviation was ca. 1.2% and for FIA ca. 1.6%.

Identificação do carbamato de etila durante o armazenamento da cachaça em tonel de carvalho (quercus sp) e recipiente de vidro

The objective of the present study was the identification and quantification of ethyl carbamate (EC), by HPLC-FLD, after different periods of storage in an oak (Quercus sp) barrel and a glass vessel. The concentration of EC in the cachaça samples varied from

Constituintes químicos e atividade Leishmanicida de Gustavia elliptica (Lecythidaceae)

The phytochemical investigation of the stem bark and leaves of G. elliptica provided a mixture of the norisoprenoids blumenol B and 6-epiblumenol B along with the triterpenes friedelin, as the major constituent, friedelanol, ursa-9(11),12-dien-3-ol, a-amyrin, β-amyrin, morentenol, epifriedelanol, as well as the sesquiterpenes trans-caryophyllene, α-humulene, ethyl hydnocarpate and other fatty acid esters. The identification of the compounds was performed on basis of spectrometric methods such as GC-MS, IR, MS and 1D and 2D NMR. Stem bark extracts showed significant leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania braziliensis, with the best results for the chloroform extract.

Atividade de extratos de Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Verlot obtidos por processos biotecnológicos sobre a proliferação de fibroblastos e células tumorais humanas

Arrabidaea chica (H&B) Verlot is a plant popularly known as Pariri and this species is a known source of anthocyanins, flavonoids and tannins. This report describes an approach involving enzymatic treatment prior to extraction procedures to enhance A chica crude extract anticancer activity. Anticancer activity in human cancer cell lines in vitro using a 48 h SRB cell viability assay was performed to determine growth inhibition and cytotoxic properties. The final extraction yield without enzyme treatment was higher (24.28%) compared to the enzyme-treated material (19.03%), with an enhanced aglycones anthocyanin ratio as determined by HPLC- DAD and LC-MS with direct infusion.

EXTRAÇÃO ASSISTIDA POR ULTRASSOM PARA DETERMINAÇÃO COLORIMÉTRICA DE FERRO EM SOLO: UMA COMPARAÇÃO COM ESPECTROMETRIA DE MASSA COM PLASMA INDUTIVAMENTE ACOPLADO

A simple procedure for ultrasound-assisted extraction and colorimetric determination of iron in soil samples was developed. The iron concentration in the analyzed samples was determined by the colorimetric method and the results compared with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fifteen soil samples were analyzed and the iron concentration results compared with those obtained by ICP-MS using microwave-assisted sample digestion. The proposed procedure showed good efficiency for iron extraction and the results obtained by colorimetric determination exhibited good agreement with ICP-MS. Moreover, ultrasound-assisted extraction and colorimetric determination is a simple, fast and low-cost procedure for application in routine analysis.

Phomopsis sp. causando podridão em frutos de bacurizeiro

A fruit rot detected in "bacurizeiro" (Platonia insignis) was demonstrated to be caused by Phomopsis sp.

Incidência de patógenos e vigor de sementes de milho doce submetidas a danos mecânicos

Com o objetivo de avaliar a incidência de patógenos e o vigor de sementes de milho doce de diferentes classes de tamanhos submetidas a diferentes níveis de danos mecânicos, sementes do híbrido 'SWB551' Dow AgroSciences® foram classificadas em peneiras com crivos de diferentes tamanhos e formas (RG, RM1, RM2 e RP com crivos circulares de 8,7; 7,9; 7,1 e 6,4 mm de diâmetro, respectivamente, e CG, CM e CP com crivos oblongos com dimensões de 8,7 x 19,0, 7,9 x 19,0, 6,4 x 19,0 mm, respectivamente), submetidas a impactos contra uma placa metálica de maneira que fossem obtidos tratamentos com diferentes intensidades de danos mecânicos (0, 1, 3, 5 e 7 impactos) e armazenadas por 5 meses em ambiente com temperatura de 20ºC e 50-60% de umidade relativa do ar. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, perfazendo um fatorial 7 x 5 (7 peneiras x 5 intensidades de danos), totalizando 35 tratamentos. Foram realizadas as avaliações de teor de água das sementes, teste de danos mecânicos (tintura de iodo), teste de germinação, teste de frio e teste de sanidade. Foram evidenciadas variações nos níveis de incidência de patógenos entre as sementes de milho doce com diferentes tamanhos e formas. O aumento da intensidade dos danos mecânicos não favoreceu o aumento da incidência de patógenos nas sementes, mas reduziu o vigor das mesmas.

O PET-Saúde no Centro de Saúde Cafezal: promovendo hábitos saudáveis de vida

Trata-se de um de relato de experiência dos monitores bolsistas e voluntários de alguns cursos da área de saúde da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG) no projeto PET-Saúde, sob supervisão de cinco preceptores e de um tutor do projeto realizado na Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) Cafezal. O objetivo é descrever a experiência desse grupo tutorial do PET-Saúde Cafezal na promoção de hábitos saudáveis de vida. Os monitores puderam vivenciar a rotina do serviço de Atenção Primária, através do acompanhamento de diferentes atividades em diversos setores da UBS Cafezal e perceberam que os aspectos mais relevantes do projeto foram o trabalho interdisciplinar e multiprofissional, de acordo com os princípios de respeito e ética, a observação da rotina e do funcionamento da UBS, bem como a oportunidade de aplicarem seus conhecimentos acadêmicos adquiridos previamente. O modelo utilizado como estratégia de ensino-aprendizagem permitiu-lhes um meio de aprendizado teórico-prático dos preceitos adotados pelo SUS, uma vez que, devido ao princípio da indissociabilidade entre extensão, ensino e pesquisa, são realizados diversos trabalhos em campo e desenvolvidas pesquisas com equipes multidisciplinares.

A experiência do adoecer: uma discussão sobre saúde, doença e valores

Partindo de uma discussão do conceito de saúde-doença, percebe-se que um dos enfoques atuais inclui a percepção do sujeito quanto à sua condição. Porém, a hegemonia de um método clínico que, muitas vezes, não considera esta individualidade levou alguns profissionais a discutir as necessidades de mudanças na abordagem médica. Por meio da discussão do caso relatado, percebemos que a relação médico-paciente influencia direta ou indiretamente a satisfação, o estado de saúde do paciente e a qualidade dos serviços de saúde. O cuidado efetivo requer um olhar atento às reais necessidades do paciente e respeito às suas opiniões sobre o adoecimento, suas percepções e sua cultura. A Medicina Centrada na Pessoa é um método clínico que propõe uma abordagem médica que possibilita o atendimento integral e humanístico e respeita a autonomia das pessoas.