Serosurvey of Leptospirainterrogans, Brucellaabortus and Chlamydophilaabortus infection in free-ranging giant anteaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) from Brazil

Abstract:A serological survey for antibodies against Leptospira interrogans, Brucella abortus, and Chlamydophila abortus was conducted in 21 clinically healthy, free-ranging giant ant- eaters (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) from Parque Nacional das Emas (Goiás State, Brazil; n=6), Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra (Minas Gerais State, Brazil; n=9), and RPPN SESC Pantanal (Mato Grosso State, Brazil; n=6) between July 2001 and September 2006. Sera were screened for antibodies against 22 serovars of Leptospira interrogans with a microscopic agglutination test. Twelve tested positive for L. interrogansserovars sentot (n=5 in PN Emas, n=2 in PN Serra da Canastra), butembo (n=2 in PN Serra da Canastra), autumnalis, bataviae, and shermani/icterohaemorrhagiae(n=1 each in SESC Pantanal)One adult female tested positive for B. abortus with the buffered plate antigen test. All sera were negative for C. abortususing the complement fixation text. This is the first report of pathogens that may interfere with the reproduction and population dynamics of free-ranging giant anteaters.

Phytosociology in agricultural areas submitted to distinct wintercropping management

Studies related to weed dynamics are essential for agricultural sustainability in tropical soils, as their interference can cause significant yield losses, especially in crops with lower competitive ability. This study aimed to assess the composition of weed communities in the third cropping season in areas submitted to distinct wintercroppings for two consecutive years. Evaluations were made in terms of species composition, level of infestation, and severity of occurrence of each weed species in relation to the others within the same area. The wintercropping management systems were: (1) Brachiaria ruziziensis; (2) corn intercropped with B. ruziziensis; (3) corn and (4) cowpea. Plant communities under these wintercrop systems were evaluated in the third year in terms of relative frequency, relative dominance, relative abundance and importance index for each species. Areas were also compared in terms of species composition by the Sorensen's similarity coefficient. Two years of distinct wintercrop managements were not enough to cause a significant shift in terms of weed composition and severity in a given area. There is also evidence that some weed species are more favored by specific crops, although the causes of this selective behavior are not fully explored in this article. The presence of B. ruziziensis, either alone or intercropped with corn, resulted in lower similarity coefficients when compared to areas where this species was not present. It is suggested that several mechanisms briefly discussed may be involved in the impact of the presence of B. ruziziensis on the weed community.

Estrutura e dinâmica de uma população de Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. em floresta higrófila do sudeste do Brasil

As estruturas de tamanho e espacial de uma população de Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) foram estudadas em uma área de 3600 m2 de floresta higrófila localizada em Brotas, SP. No primeiro censo, foram marcados 1658 indivíduos e, após um ano, este número havia aumentado para 1706. A estrutura de tamanho não mudou durante o período de estudo, com predomínio de plântulas (indivíduos £ 0,2 m) e jovens (> 0,2 - 2 m) e menor número de subadultos (> 2 - 10 m) e adultos (> 10 m). A mortalidade em plântulas (29,7%) e jovens (5,3%) foi bem maior que em subadultos (0,7%) e adultos (0%), e teve como causa principal o soterramento na época chuvosa. O maior número de plantas novas concentrou-se nos locais mais baixos da área, onde sementes trazidas pela água eram acumuladas. A taxa de recrutamento de plântulas foi alta (48,1%), e a de jovens (7,3%), subadultos (1,9%) e adultos (0%), bem menores. Plantas de todas as classes de tamanho apresentaram distribuição espacial agregada, devido à topografia do terreno, que favorece o encharcamento do solo e o acúmulo de sementes, e à presença de sementes sob os adultos reprodutivos. Dispersão de frutos por morcegos ou pela água, capacidade de sobrevivência em condições hipóxicas, estrutura de tamanho com predomínio de plântulas e jovens e crescimento da população, são os principais fatores que determinam C. brasiliense como a espécie de maior importância na floresta estudada e também em outras florestas semelhantes do sudeste do Brasil.

Flowering phenology, seed set and arthropod guilds in Trichogoniopsis adenantha (DC) (Asteraceae) in south-east Brazil

and glades. This species blooms throughout the year, attracting arthropods of various guilds, including herbivores, pollinators and predators. In this study, done over a two year period, we described the phenology of T. adenantha and assessed the seasonal variation in arthropod numbers of different guilds. We also determined the periods of lowest and highest seed set. T. adenantha population showed a peak in flowering in March-April (rainy season) with greater production of achenes in December-April. April and October had respectively highest and lowest number of fertilized, undamaged ovules, and this pattern is possibly related with population dynamics of pollinators and herbivores. In August, which was the period of greatest damage to the stigma (by geometrid larvae), there was a positive relationship between the proportion of unfertilized ovules and flowers with damaged stigma, suggesting that floral herbivory may affect reproduction in T. adenantha. We discuss the complex dynamics of the beneficial and harmful interactions between arthropods and the host plant.