Avaliação da potencialidade de processos pseudo-fenton para remediação de solos contaminados por diesel

The use of the Fenton's reagent process has been investigated for the remediation of a Brazilian soil contaminated by diesel. Laboratory experiments were conducted in batch experiments. Slurries, consisting of 10 g of diesel-contaminated soil and 30 mL of Fenton's Reagent (0.41 mol L-1 H(2)0(2) and 0.18 mol L-1 FeSO4). The experiments were monitored during 24, 48 and 72 h. The efficiency of the Fenton treatment was dependent on the time of contact between soil and Fenton's reagents and matrix characteristics, probably iron content. Data suggested that no iron addition is needed for the application of Fenton-like treatment for the remediation of diesel-contaminated iron rich soils after 72 h reaction.

Degradação fotocatalítica do fungicida tebuconazole em solução aquosa

The tebuconazole photocatalytic degradation kinetics was studied in a batch reactor using TiO2 (P25-Degussa) as catalyst and a high pressure mercury lamp. The photolysis, adsorption and irradiation effects in the reaction rate were evaluated. Afterward, the suspension catalyst concentration and initial pH to the maximum reaction rate was determined. It was observed that the reaction rate can be approached by a pseudo-first order, with a maximum kinetics constant at 260 mg L-1catalyst concentration and pH 7.7.

Cloreto de n-(2-hidroxil) propil-3-trimetil amônio quitosana como adsorvente de corantes reativos em solução aquosa

The quaternary chitosan was synthesized by reaction of chitosan with glycidyl trimethylammonium chloride. it was characterized by infrared spectra and conductometric titration. Adsorption of reactive blue 4 (RB4) and reactive red 120 (RR120) by quaternary chitosan was studied from aqueous medium. Two kinetic adsorption models were tested: pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order. The experimental data best fitted the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit to the equilibrium data in the concentration range investigated and the maximum adsorption capacity determined was 415 mg (RR120) and 637 mg (RB4) of reactive dye per gram of adsorbent.

Rejeito de mineração de carvão como adsorvente para remoção da acidez, Fe (III), Al (III) e Mn (II) em drenagem ácida

This study aimed the use of coal mining waste as a new adsorbent for H3O+ and removal of Al (III), Fe (III) and Mn (II) from acid mine drainage. Data from kinetic and equilibrium of the adsorption of H3O+ followed the pseudo second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of H3O+ was 316 mmol kg-1. The adsorbent removed 100% of Al (III), 100% of Fe (III) and 89% of Mn (II), suggesting its use as an alternative for the treatment of acid mine drainage.

Adsorção de arsênio(V) pelo compósito magnético hidrotalcita: óxido de ferro

In this work, hydrotalcite, a layered double hydroxide, had its adsorption and ion exchange properties combined with the magnetic properties of iron oxide to produce a magnetic adsorbent, HT-Fe. The removal of As(V) by a HT-Fe adsorbent was evaluated under various conditions. The Kinetic process was well described by a pseudo-second order rate model. The maximum adsorption capacity, calculated with the Langmuir model showed to be dependent on pH, reaching values of 24.09, 10.19 and 7.44 mg g-1, respectively, for pH values of 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0. The inhibition by competition of anions is dependent on the type of ionic species.

Adsorção do corante vermelho congo por derivados da o-carboximetilquitosana hidrofobicamente modificados

Hydrophobically modified O-carboxymethylchitosan derivatives were synthesized through a reaction with lauroyl chloride and applied for adsorption of congo red dye. The Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model was found to be the most suitable one for the VC adsorption and maximum adsorption capacity obtained was 281.97 mg g-1 at a pH value of 7.0 for HL 1.0. The adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the corresponding rate constants were obtained. The thermodynamic parameters showed that adsorption process is spontaneous (positive ∆Hº) and favorable (negative ∆Gº). The hydrophobic derivatives are able to adsorb the dye even in high pH values.

Highly improved chromium (III) uptake capacity in modified sugarcane bagasse using different chemical treatments

The present paper focuses on improving chromium (III) uptake capacity of sugarcane bagasse through its chemical modification with citric acid and/or sodium hydroxide. The chemical modifications were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, with an evident peak observed at 1730 cm-1, attributed to carbonyl groups. Equilibrium was reached after 24 h, and the kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model. The highest chromium (III) maximum adsorption capacity (MAC) value was found when using sugarcane bagasse modified with sodium hydroxide and citric acid (58.00 mg g-1) giving a MAC value about three times greater (20.34 mg g-1) than for raw sugarcane bagasse.

Oxidação eletroquímica do herbicida tebutiuron utilizando eletrodo do tipo DSA

Tebuthiuron (TBH) is a herbicide widely used in different cultures and known for its toxic effects. Electrochemical methods are promising for removing pollutants such as pesticides. This study showed the degradation of TBH using a DSA® anode operated at current densities of 50 to 200 mA cm-2. Removal presented pseudo-first order kinetics while high-pressure liquid chromatography (UV detection) showed two peaks, ascribed to degradation intermediates. The maximum percentage of total organic carbon removed was 12.9%. Ion chromatography revealed that higher concentrations of nitrate and nitrite ions formed with increasing current density.

Adsorção do corante Reativo Azul 19 em solução aquosa por lama vermelha tratada quimicamente com peróxido de hidrogênio

Adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 dye onto activated red mud was investigated. Red mud was treated with hydrogen peroxide (LVQ) and heated at both 400 ºC (LVQ400) and 500 ºC (LVQ500). These samples were characterized by pH, specific surface area, point of zero charge and mineralogical composition. Adsorption was found to be significantly dependent on solution pH, with acidic conditions proving to be the most favorable. The adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm was the most appropriate to describe the phenomenon of dye removal using LVQ, LVQ400 and LVQ500, with maximum adsorption capacity of 384.62, 357.14 and 454.54 mg g-1, respectively.

Removal of Pb(II) ions and malachite green dye from wastewater by activated carbon produced from lemon peel

In the present study, a high-surface area activated carbon was prepared by chemical activation of lemon peel with H3PO4 as the active agent. Then, the adsorption behavior of Malachite green dye and Pb(II) ions on the produced activated carbon was studied. Batch process was employed for sorption kinetics and equilibrium studies. Experimental data were fitted to various isotherm models. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum adsorption capacities of Malachite green dye and Pb(II) ions were found to be 66.67 and 90.91 mg g-1, respectively, at room temperature. Kinetic studies showed the adsorption process followed a pseudo second-order rate model. The sorption kinetics were controlled by intra-particle diffusion. The results indicated that the produced activated carbon can be economically and effectively used as an adsorbent for the removal of Malachite green dye and Pb(II) ions from wastewaters.

Preparation and evaluation of magnetic chitosan particles modified with ethylenediamine and Fe(III) for the removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions

The adsorption of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution by magnetic particles of crosslinked chitosan-ethylenediamine-Fe(III) (MPCh-EDA-FeCL) was studied in a batch system. Fe3+ in the MPCh-EDA-FeCL permitted that adsorption of Cr(VI) occurred with maximum efficiency between pH 3 and 11. The maximum adsorption capacity at pH 7.0 was 81.04 mg g-1 at 25 ºC. The adsorption kinetic process was described by the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous, exothermic and chemical adsorption nature. The adsorbent was successively regenerated using a 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH solution. Results were satisfactory for treatment of wastewater from the electroplating industry.

CHARACTERIZING THE MECHANISM OF QUETIAPINE DISTRIBUTION IN LIPID-CORE NANOCAPSULES PSEUDO-PHASES USING A VALIDATED LC/UV METHOD

Quetiapine is an atypical antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia. However, despite great interest for its chronic therapeutic use, quetiapine has some important side effects such as weight gain induction. The development of a quetiapine nanocarrier can potentially target the drug into central nervous system, resulting in a reduction of systemic side effects and improved patient treatment. In the present work, a simple liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection (LC/UV) analytical method was developed and validated for quantification of total quetiapine content in lipid core nanocapsules as well as for determination of incorporation efficiency. An algorithm proposed by Oliveira et al. (2012) was applied to characterize the distribution of quetiapine in the pseudo-phases of the nanocarrier, leading to a better understanding of the quetiapine nanoparticles produced. The analytical methodology developed was specific, linear in the range of 0.5 to 100 µg mL−1 (r2 > 0,99), and accurate and precise (R.S.D < ±5%). The absolute recovery of quetiapine from the nanoparticles was approximately 98% with an incorporation efficiency of approximately 96%. The results indicated that quetiapine was present in a type III distribution according to the algorithm, and was mainly located in the core of the nanoparticle because of its logD in the formulation pH (6.86 ± 0.4).

Reação de Brachiaria spp. e Panicum maximum a Pratylenchus brachyurus

O sistema plantio direto é utilizado em extensas áreas agrícolas do Brasil, condição que pode propiciar o aumento dos danos causados pelos fitonematóides na cultura principal, na dependência da reação das plantas utilizadas como coberturas vegetais. O capim-colonião (Panicum maximum) e as braquiárias (Brachiaria spp.) podem ser utilizadas em áreas infestadas por Meloidogyne incognita e M. javanica, pois não são hospedeiras dessas espécies, mas sua resposta ao nematóide Pratylenchus brachyurus tem sido pouco estudada. Por essa razão, dois experimentos de casa de vegetação foram realizados, com o objetivo de caracterizar a reação de cinco espécies e um híbrido de braquiária [Brachiaria decumbens, B. brizantha, B. humidicola, B. dyctioneura, B. ruziziensis e capim 'Mulato' (B. ruziziensis x B. brizantha)] e dois cultivares de P. maximum ('Mombaça' e 'Tanzânia') ao nematóide P. brachyurus. Os experimentos foram semelhantes, diferindo pela origem dos isolados de P. brachyurus, Pb20 oriundo de raízes de quiabeiro e Pb24 de algodoeiro. A população final dos nematóides do substrato e das raízes foi avaliada 118 dias após a inoculação para Pb20 e 131 dias para Pb24. Os resultados mostraram que todas as poáceas testadas hospedam P. brachyurus, mas em diferentes graus. Capim-colonião e capim 'Mulato' mostraram ser bons hospedeiros de P. brachyurus, com fator de reprodução (FR = Pf/Pi) entre 4,96 e 12,17 para Pb20 e entre 10,38 e 13,18 para Pb24, devendo assim ser evitados como coberturas vegetais em campos infestados com esse nematóide. Por seu turno, B. dyctioneura provou ser mau hospedeiro de P. brachyurus, com FR = 1,01 - 1,32.

Phylogenetic analysis of Tomato mosaic virus from Hemerocallis sp. and Impatiens hawkeri

The culture and commercialization of ornamental plants have considerably increased in the last years. To supply the commercial demand, several Hemerocallis and Impatiens varieties have been bred for appreciated qualities such as flowers with a diversity of shapes and colors. With the aim of characterizing the tobamovirus isolated from Hemerocallis sp. (tobamo-H) and Impatiens hawkeri (tobamo-I) from the USA and São Paulo, respectively, as well as to establish phylogenetic relationships between them and other Tobamovirus species, the viruses were submitted to RNA extraction, RT-PCR amplification, coat-protein gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Comparison of tobamovirus homologous sequences yielded values superior to 98.5% of identity with Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) isolates at the nucleotide level. In relation to tobamo-H, 100% of identity with ToMV from tomatoes from Australia and Peru was found. Based on maximum likelihood (ML) analysis it was suggested that tobamo-H and tobamo-I share a common ancestor with ToMV, Tobacco mosaic virus, Odontoglossum ringspot virus and Pepper mild mottle virus. The tree topology reconstructed under ML methodology shows a monophyletic group, supported by 100% of bootstrap, consisting of various ToMV isolates from different hosts, including some ornamentals, from different geographical locations. The results indicate that Hemerocallis sp. and I. hawkeri are infected by ToMV. This is the first report of the occurrence of this virus in ornamental species in Brazil.

Reação de acessos e cultivares de Brachiaria spp. e Panicum maximum à Pratylenchus brachyurus

A utilização de gramíneas forrageiras em sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária tem sido cada vez mais frequente no Brasil. Entretanto, alguns genótipos forrageiros podem hospedar fitonematoides, contribuindo para manter populações elevadas destes organismos no solo. Objetivando-se avaliar a reação de acessos e cultivares de Brachiaria spp. (B. ruziziensis, B. brizantha cvs. BRS Piatã e BRS Paiaguás, B. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi, e os genótipos B4 e HBGC 331) e Panicum maximum (cvs. Tanzânia-1 e Massai e os genótipos PM32, PM36, PM45 e PM46) à Pratylenchus brachyurus, realizou-se este trabalho. Como testemunhas utilizaram-se o milho BRS 2020 (suscetível) e milheto ADR 300 (resistente) à P. brachyurus. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegetação, na Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande-MS, em blocos casualizados com sete repetições, de maio a setembro de 2011 e de março a maio de 2012. Utilizaram-se cinco plantas por vaso, que foram inoculadas com 1.000 espécimes de P. brachyurus. Após 90 dias, avaliaram-se as populações de nematoides na raiz e no solo, com a finalidade de obtenção da população final dos nematoides e o fator de reprodução (FR). Determinou-se ainda a reação dos genótipos em relação à porcentagem de redução do FR. Com exceção de B. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi, com FR de 0,98 e 0,44, no primeiro e segundo experimentos, respectivamente, todos os materiais avaliados permitiram a multiplicação do nematoide. Em relação à porcentagem de redução do FR, apenas a B. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi e o milheto ADR 300 foram classificados como moderadamente resistentes, com reduções de, no máximo 90,58% e 94,73%, no primeiro e segundo experimento, respectivamente. Entre os genótipos de forrageiras estudados a maioria mostrou-se suscetível à P. brachyurus, apesar de variação do grau de suscetibilidade entre os mesmos. Dessa forma, em áreas com histórico de presença de P. brachyurus, a B. humidicola cv. BRS Tupi pode ser indicada nos sistemas de integração e/ou em rotação de culturas, como estratégia de manejo para a redução populacional de P. brachyurus.