Germinação e vigor de sementes de mamão (Carica papaya L.) cv. Golden secadas em altas temperaturas

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos imediato e latente do emprego de altas temperaturas de secagem na qualidade fisiológica das sementes de mamão cv. Golden. Os testes de secagem por convecção, em camada delgada, foram realizados a 50 e 58ºC, empregando-se fluxo de ar seco de 1,00kg s-1 m-2; as sementes foram armazenadas a 15ºC, por 90 e 180 dias, em embalagens herméticas. A secagem a 50 e 58ºC teve efeito imediato negativo sobre o vigor das sementes de mamão. Quanto ao efeito latente, apenas as sementes secadas a 58ºC e armazenadas por 180 dias mantêm o mesmo vigor observado em sementes recém retiradas dos frutos. Em relação ao percentual de germinação, as sementes secadas a 50ºC e avaliadas imediatamente depois da secagem são influenciadas negativamente pela secagem.

Inconvenient glow: cliometrics and the "golden age" of capitalism

This paper aims to criticize the recent cliometrics literature on the so-called "golden age" of capitalism. The works of Nicholas Crafts, Gianni Toniolo, and Barry Eichengreen are reconstructed in order to reveal the main characteristics of this research program. Its narrow quantitative focus, its reliance on theoretical propositions borrowed from neoclassical economics, and its auspicious interpretation of the postwar reconstruction are the main focus of the criticism presented. Finally, the cliometricians' attempt to historicize the "golden age" and de-historicize the following decades is related to the ideological understanding of the recent decades as a period of "great moderation."

From restrained golden age to creeping platinum age: A periodization of Latin American development in the Robinsonian tradition

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes Joan Robinson's growth model, and then adapted in order to provide an exploratory taxonomy of Growth Eras. The Growth Eras or Ages were for Robinson a way to provide logical connections among output growth, capital accumulation, the degree of thriftiness, the real wage and illustrate a catalogue of growth possibilities. This modified taxonomy follows the spirit of Robinson's work, but it takes different theoretical approaches, which imply that some of her classifications do not fit perfectly the ones here suggested. Latin America has moved from a Golden Age in the 1950s and 1960s, to a Leaden Age in the 1980s, having two traverse periods, one in which the process of growth and industrialization accelerated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which is here referred to as a Galloping Platinum Age, and one in which a process of deindustrialization, and reprimarization and maquilization of the productive structure took place, starting in the 1990s, which could be referred to as a Creeping Platinum Age.