131 resultados para 73.61.Ey
Resumo:
Background:Effective interventions to improve medication adherence are usually complex and expensive.Objective:To assess the impact of a low-cost intervention designed to improve medication adherence and clinical outcomes in post-discharge patients with CVD.Method:A pilot RCT was conducted at a teaching hospital. Intervention was based on the four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). The primary outcome measure was medication adherence assessed using the eight-item MMAS at baseline, at 1 month post hospital discharge and re-assessed 1 year after hospital discharge. Other outcomes included readmission and mortality rates.Results:61 patients were randomized to intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 31) groups. The mean age of the patients was 61 years (SD 12.73), 52.5% were males, and 57.4% were married or living with a partner. Mean number of prescribed medications per patient was 4.5 (SD 3.3). Medication adherence was correlated to intervention (p = 0.04) and after 1 month, 48.4% of patients in the control group and 83.3% in the intervention group were considered adherent. However, this difference decreased after 1 year, when adherence was 34.8% and 60.9%, respectively. Readmission and mortality rates were related to low adherence in both groups.Conclusion:The intervention based on a validated patient self-report instrument for assessing adherence is a potentially effective method to improve adherent behavior and can be successfully used as a tool to guide adherence counseling in the clinical visit. However, a larger study is required to assess the real impact of intervention on these outcomes.
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Abstract Background: The revascularization strategy of the left main disease is determinant for clinical outcomes. Objective: We sought to 1) validate and compare the performance of the SYNTAX Score 1 and 2 for predicting major cardiovascular events at 4 years in patients who underwent unprotected left main angioplasty and 2) evaluate the long-term outcome according to the SYNTAX score 2-recommended revascularization strategy. Methods: We retrospectively studied 132 patients from a single-centre registry who underwent unprotected left main angioplasty between March 1999 and December 2010. Discrimination and calibration of both models were assessed by ROC curve analysis, calibration curves and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. Results: Total event rate was 26.5% at 4 years.The AUC for the SYNTAX Score 1 and SYNTAX Score 2 for percutaneous coronary intervention, was 0.61 (95% CI: 0.49-0.73) and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.57-0.78), respectively. Despite a good overall adjustment for both models, the SYNTAX Score 2 tended to underpredict risk. In the 47 patients (36%) who should have undergone surgery according to the SYNTAX Score 2, event rate was numerically higher (30% vs. 25%; p=0.54), and for those with a higher difference between the two SYNTAX Score 2 scores (Percutaneous coronary intervention vs. Coronary artery by-pass graft risk estimation greater than 5.7%), event rate was almost double (40% vs. 22%; p=0.2). Conclusion: The SYNTAX Score 2 may allow a better and individualized risk stratification of patients who need revascularization of an unprotected left main coronary artery. Prospective studies are needed for further validation.
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Com o objetivo de elucidar alguns aspectos da biologia reprodutiva de Ligia exotica Roux, 1828, duas populações que habitam o Estuário da Lagoa dos Patos (Molhe Oeste da Barra de Rio Grande e Ilha do Leonídeo) foram analisadas. A amostragem foi realizada quinzenalmente entre o verão/2003 e o inverno/2004. Os animais foram coletados manualmente durante uma hora. O período reprodutivo da espécie foi registrado para os meses de outubro a junho. Nenhuma fêmea ovígera foi observada de julho a setembro. No Molhe Oeste da Barra de Rio Grande, 5.376 indivíduos foram capturados (1.494 juvenis, 1.748 machos e 2.134 fêmeas, das quais 245 eram ovígeras). A proporção sexual estimada foi 0,78 (M:F). Para a análise da fecundidade, 178 fêmeas ovígeras com o marsúpio intacto foram analisadas. O comprimento total destas fêmeas variou entre 20,73 a 34,3 mm, e o número de ovos-embriões variaram de 33 a 142. O comprimento médio de primeira maturação sexual das fêmeas foi 24,65 mm e o número médio de ovos-embriões foi 88. Na Ilha do Leonídeo, 5.519 animais foram coletados (510 juvenis, 1.956 machos e 3.053 fêmeas, das quais 129 eram ovígeras). A proporção sexual foi 0,68 (M:F). Pequenas porcentagens de fêmeas ovígeras foram encontradas de setembro a maio, sendo a mais alta porcentagem observada no final de março. Neste local, 101 fêmeas ovígeras foram analisadas, com o comprimento total variando entre 17,62 a 28,61 mm e o número de ovos-embriões entre 25 e 113. O comprimento médio de primeira maturação sexual das fêmeas e o número médio de ovos-embriões foram, respectivamente, 21,43 mm e 73,8.
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A description of Physa cubensis Pfeiffer, 1839, based on 15 speciments collected in Havana, Cuba, is presented. The shell, measuring 9.0 x 4,8mm to 12.3 x 6.4mm, is ovate-oblong, thin, diaphanous, horncolored, shining. Spire elevated, broadly conical; protoconch distinct, roundish, reddish-brown. About five moderately shouldered, roundly convex whorls, penultimate whorl expanded; spiral striation subobsolete; growth line faint on the intermediate whorls, clearly visible on the body whorl, crowded here and there. Suture well impressed. Aperture elongated 2.05 - 2.67 (mean 2.27) times as long as the remaining length of the shell, narrow obovulate-lunate; upper half acute-angled, lower half oval, narrowly rounded at the base; outer lip sharp, inner lip completely closing the umbilical region; a thick callus on the parietal wall; columellar plait well marked. Ratios: shell width/shell length - 0.52-0.61 (mean 0.55); spire length/shell length = 0.27 - 0.33 (mean 0.31); aperture length/shell length = 0.67 - 0.73 (mean 0.69). Oral lappets laterally mucronate; foot spatulate with acuminate tail. Mantle relection with 6 - 8 short triangular dentations in the right lobe (columellar side) and 4 - 6 in the left lobe (near the pneumostome). Renal tube tightly folded into a zigzag course. Ovotestis, ovispermiduct, seminal vesicle, oviduct, nidamental gland, uterus and vagina as in Physa marmorata (see Paraense, 1986, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 81: 459-469). Spermathecal body egg-shaped or pear-shaped; spermathecal ducta uniformly narrow with expanded base, a little longer than the body. Spermiduct, prostate and vas deferens as in P. marmorata (Paraense, loc. cit.). Penis wide proximally, narrowing gradually apicad; penial canal with subterminal outlet. Penial sheath following the width of the penis and ending up by a bulbous expansion somewhat narrower than the proximal portion. Penaial sheath/prepuce ration = 1,25 - 1,83 (mean 1.49). Prepuce much wider than the bulb of the penial shealth, moderately shouldered owing to the intromission of the bulb, and with a large gland in one side of its proximal half occupating about a third of its length. Extrinsic muscles of the penial complex as in P. marmorata. Jaw a simple obtusely V-shaped plate. Radula to be described separetely.
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A heated pheromone trap for the sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis was tested in the laboratory using filter paper or plastic vial dispensers. Male pheromone extracted from 8 male tergal glands and absorbed on to filter paper dispensers attracted 82/120 (68.3%) of virgin females released in cages. Similarly plastic vial dispensers baited with the extract of 24 males caught 73/120 (61%). In field trials carried out near januária, Minas Gerais, Brazil using the plastic dispensers baited with extracts of 50 male tergal glands only 70 female L. longipalpis were captured. Over 1000 male flies were, however, caught during 6 nights, with greater numbers in the unbaited control traps than in the pheromone baited test traps. It is concluded that at excessive concentrations male L. longipalpis pheromone may act as a repellent to conspecific males.
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The increase of malaria transmission in the Pacific Coast of Colombia during the occurrence of El Niño warm event has been found not to be linked to increases in the density of the vector Anopheles albimanus, but to other temperature-sensitive variables such as longevity, duration of the gonotrophic cycle or the sporogonic period of Plasmodium. The present study estimated the effects of temperature on duration of the gonotrophic cycle and on maturation of the ovaries of An. albimanus. Blood fed adult mosquitoes were exposed to temperatures of 24, 27, and 30°C, held individually in oviposition cages and assessed at 12 h intervals. At 24, 27, and 30°C the mean development time of the oocytes was 91.2 h (95% C.I.: 86.5-96), 66.2 h (61.5-70.8), and 73.1 h (64-82.3), respectively. The mean duration of the gonotrophic cycle for these three temperatures was 88.4 h (81.88-94.9), 75 h (71.4-78.7), and 69.1 h (64.6-73.6) respectively. These findings indicate that both parameters in An. albimanus are reduced when temperatures rose from 24 to 30°C, in a nonlinear manner. According to these results the increase in malaria transmission during El Niño in Colombia could be associated with a shortening of the gonotrophic cycle in malaria vectors, which could enhance the frequency of man-vector contact, affecting the incidence of the disease.
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The authors compared demographic aspects and profile of mutations in 80 patients with subtypes B and F of human immunodeficiency type 1 (HIV-1). Genotyping of the pol region of the reverse transcriptase was performed using the ViroSeqTM Genotyping System. A total of 61 (76.2%) patients had subtype B and 19 (23.8%) subtype F of the HIV-1. Subtype F tended to be more frequent in heterosexuals and women with a low educational level, but without statistical significance. The frequency of mutations related to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors (PI) was the same in the two subtypes, but mutations related to PI at the codons 63, 77, and 71 were more frequent in subtype B, while mutations at the codons 36 and 20 predominated in subtype F. Sixty-two of the 80 patients infected with subtypes B and F were submitted to antiretroviral therapy for an average of 18-22 months. Undetectable viral loads at the end of follow-up were similar in the two groups, representing 63.8% of subtype B and 73.3% of subtype F (p = 0.715). CD4 lymphocyte counts before and after treatment were similar in the two groups. This study, despite pointing to possible epidemiological and genetic differences among subtypes B and F of HIV-1, suggests that the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy is equally effective against these subtypes.
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A questão da avaliação do desempenho organizacional continua sendo uma atividade fundamental na gestão empresarial. Os indicadores de desempenho assumem papel central, por configurarem-se como instrumentos capazes de fornecer informações para o processo de tomada de decisão. No estudo aqui apresentado, objetivou-se investigar, sob a ótica da avaliação de desempenho organizacional, as características dos indicadores de desempenho utilizados nas pesquisas da área de Administração, Ciências Contábeis e Turismo, no período de 2000 a 2008. Optou-se por uma pesquisa de caráter descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, que identificou 2.646 artigos que apresentavam no título, no resumo e/ou nas palavras-chave as terminologias: avaliação, desempenho, performance, decisão, mensuração, avaliação de desempenho e assessment. Desses, selecionaram-se os artigos que apresentavam os termos indicador, critério, atributo e medida, resultando em 85 artigos que tiveram seus conteúdos analisados. Constatou-se que 61,14% dos artigos analisados apresentavam a terminologia indicador de desempenho (ID), e 73% não apresentavam o conceito de ID. Os indicadores utilizados apresentavam, em sua maioria, foco econômico-financeiro e eram quantitativos com mensuração ordinal. Em linhas gerais, os indicadores de desempenho organizacionais conseguiram atingir o objetivo de auxiliar no processo decisório, uma vez que 76% dos artigos investigados apresentaram as vantagens de sua aplicação.
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Influence of temperature on longevity, fecundity, and haematophagic activity of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse, 1894 (Diptera, Culicidae) under laboratory condition. Based on adults of Aedes albopictus maintained under four constant temperatures, 15ºC, 20ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC, longevity of males and females, fecundity, eggs viability, number of days from emergence to the first bloodsucking, and duration of the preoviposition period were observed. The average of the longevity for female was 19.45, 59.35, 61.55 and 42.72 days, under 15ºC, 20ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC, respectively. The greatest average number of bloodsucking per female was 8.32, under 25ºC. The average number of eggs per female was 1.00, 73.91, 269.87 and 183.69, and the greatest rates of viable eggs per female was 25ºC and 30ºC. The haematophagic activities and the oviposition were significantly influenced by temperature.
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Foram estudados os efeitos do desmatamento da caatinga sobre as perdas de solo e água provocadas por chuvas erosivas num Luvissolo. Os dados relativos aos anos de 1983-1990 foram obtidos na Estação Experimental de Sumé (PB), pertencente à Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas parcelas desmatadas, uma parcela com caatinga nativa, uma parcela com caatinga nova, duas macroparcelas com caatinga nativa e duas macroparcelas desmatadas. Nas parcelas desmatadas, as perdas de solo foram de 61,7 e 47,7 t ha-1 e as perdas de água de 224,2 e 241,0 mm. A parcela com caatinga nativa, quando comparada com a parcela desmatada, reduziu a perda de solo em cerca de 98% e a perda de água em torno de 73%. Nas macroparcelas desmatadas foram observadas perdas anuais de solo de 31 e 26 t ha-1 e de água de 151,3 e 131,5 mm. Nas macroparcelas com caatinga, houve uma redução de aproximadamente 99% das perdas de solo e 90% das perdas de água, em relação às macroparcelas desmatadas.
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Lodo de esgoto contém teores elevados de N orgânico. Se for aplicado em quantidade excessiva em solos, há risco de poluição de águas subsuperficiais com nitrato, produto da mineralização do N. Por essa razão, um dos critérios agronômicos para a determinação da taxa máxima de aplicação do lodo de esgoto é a quantidade de N mineral que será disponibilizada às culturas. Neste trabalho, são apresentados os resultados relativos à lixiviação de N mineralizado em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico incubado durante 224 dias com dois tipos de lodo de esgoto anaeróbios, um de origem urbana (Franca, SP) e outro com presença de despejos industriais (Barueri, SP). Cada lodo de esgoto foi aplicado em quatro doses, contendo 0,13, 0,3, 0,5 e 1,0 g kg-1 de N orgânico. Essa quantidade de substrato mineralizável foi equivalente a 5, 11, 22 e 43 t ha-1 de lodo de Franca, e a 8, 15, 31 e 61 t ha-1 de lodo de Barueri. O experimento foi conduzido em colunas de percolação, sob temperatura de 25 a 28 °C em laboratório, fazendo-se lixiviações com solução extratora de KCl 0,01 mol L-1. Foram determinadas as quantidades de N mineral (N-NH4+ e N-NO3- + N-NO2-) extraídas nos percolados em doze épocas. Houve correlação significativa entre as quantidades aplicadas de N na forma orgânica e as quantidades de N mineralizadas durante a incubação nos dois tipos de lodo avaliados. O potencial de mineralização estimado pelo modelo exponencial simples foi de 73 mg kg-1 de N no solo sem aplicação de lodo, e aumentou de 107 para 224 mg kg-1 e de 132 para 364 mg kg-1 nos tratamentos com o lodo de esgoto de Franca e de Barueri, respectivamente. A fração de mineralização potencial do N orgânico dos dois tipos de lodo de esgoto decresceu com o aumento das doses aplicadas: 26, 25, 21 e 14 % para o de Franca, e 43, 39, 34 e 27 % para o de Barueri. Em consequência, o potencial de lixiviação de N no Latossolo aumentou de 46 para 207 % com as doses do lodo de Franca, e de 81 para 399 % com as doses do lodo de Barueri.
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Com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes doses de cloreto de mepiquat aplicadas parceladamente no algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. CNPA-ITA 90, dois experimentos foram conduzidos durante os anos agrícolas de 1993/94 e 1994/95, na Fazenda Itamarati, Ponta Porã, MS. As doses estudadas foram: 1) 0,0; 2) 12,5+12,5+25,0 (50,0); 3) 25,0+25,0+25,0 (75,0); 4) 0,0+ 50,0+50,0 (100,0) e 5) 12,5+62,5+50,0 (125,0) g ha-1 de cloreto de mepiquat. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As aplicações foram efetuadas aos 34, 47 e 62 dias após a emergência (DAE), em 1993/94, e aos 42, 60 e 73 DAE no ano de 1994/95, quando as plantas apresentavam altura média de 51, 84 e 93 cm e 61, 79 e 97 cm, respectivamente. Com o aumento da dose de cloreto de mepiquat, verificou-se redução da altura de plantas, da matéria seca foliar, do caule e do total da parte vegetativa, do número de nós, de ramos, do comprimento de ramos, do número de frutos danificados e do número de maçãs, e aumento do número de capulhos totalmente abertos.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e as atividades das enzimas digestivas de girinos de rã-touro, alimentados com ração comercial durante 60 dias, com um girino por litro, em caixas com 30 L de água. Os parâmetros medidos quinzenalmente foram: sobrevivência, comprimento, peso final, consumo de ração, e a atividade de amilase, lipase e tripsina. O maior crescimento dos girinos foi do 15º ao 45º dia - 20,61 mm. Durante os primeiros 15 dias, os girinos apresentaram a maior taxa de crescimento específico, 16,73% por dia. Do 45º ao 60º dia, os girinos apresentaram o maior ganho de peso, 3,98±0,73 g, o maior consumo de ração, 14,40±1,14 g, e a melhor conversão alimentar, 3,67:1,0±0,18. Houve aumento significativo da atividade enzimática depois do 30º dia. Observaram-se relações entre as atividades específicas das enzimas e os distintos estágios de desenvolvimento dos girinos.
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the main differences in the genetic control of the iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds, in early generations, and to select recombinants with a high iron concentration in the seeds. F1, F1 reciprocal, F2, F2 reciprocal, and backcross (BC11 and BC12) generations were produced by crosses between Mesoamerican (CNFP 10104 x CHC 01-175) and Andean (Cal 96 x Hooter) inbred lines. The expression of significant maternal effect was observed for the Mesoamerican gene pool. Iron concentration was higher in the seed coat of Mesoamerican common bean seeds (54.61 to 67.92%) and in the embryo of Andean common bean seeds (69.40 to 73.44%). High broad-sense heritability was obtained for iron concentration in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Gains with the selection of higher magnitude, from 20.39 to 24.58%, are expected in Mesoamerican common bean seeds. Iron concentration in common bean seeds showed a continuous distribution in F2, which is characteristic of quantitative inheritance in Mesoamerican and Andean common bean seeds. Recombinants with high iron concentration in seeds can be selected in both Mesoamerican and Andean common bean hybrids.