QUANTIDADE E PRE��OS DA BANANA-'PRATA' COMERCIALIZADA NAS CEASAS DO DISTRITO FEDERAL, S��O PAULO, BELO HORIZONTE E RIO DE JANEIRO, NO PER��ODO DE 1995 A 1999

A evolu����o das quantidades e pre��os m��dios mensais e anuais da banana-'Prata' comercializada nos entrepostos das CEASAS do Distrito Federal, S��o Paulo, Belo Horizonte e Rio de Janeiro foi analisada no per��odo de janeiro de 1995 a dezembro de 1999. Os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Tukey, a n��vel de 5%. A m��dia da quantidade anual comercializada nas CEASAS do DF, SP, BH e RJ foram, respectivamente, de 831; 1.012; 3.101 e 5.597 t no per��odo analisado. A quantidade m��dia anual comercializada variou significativamente em todas as CEASAS. Os pre��os m��dios anuais diferiram significativamente, sendo que em todas as CEASAS estes foram maiores em 1995 e menores em 1997. N��o houve diferen��a significativa na quantidade m��dia mensal comercializada apenas na CEAGESP, j�� o pre��o m��dio mensal diferiu significativamente nas CEASAS do DF, SP e BH. O pre��o m��dio anual foi maior na CEASA/RJ (R$ 1,01/Kg), que foi 18,8%; 32,9% e 80,4% superior quando comparado ao pre��o praticado na CEASA/ DF, CEAGESP e CEASA/BH, respectivamente.

Levantamento das condi����es de funcionamento dos servi��os de radiologia de hospitais p��blicos e universit��rios do Rio de Janeiro

Foram realizados testes de controle de qualidade, descritos na Portaria 453/98 do Minist��rio da Sa��de, em sete hospitais p��blicos do Rio de Janeiro, em um total de 29 tubos de raios X, 30 chassis e 20 vestimentas de prote����o individual. Os testes avaliaram o desempenho do gerador de raios X e a geometria do feixe. Foram verificados, tamb��m, chassis, "��crans" e negatosc��pios, assim como as c��maras claras e escuras. Alguns dos resultados encontrados foram: 55% dos tubos foram reprovados em exatid��o e 15% em reprodutibilidade de kVp; 53% foram reprovados em exatid��o e 31% em reprodutibilidade de tempo de exposi����o; 30% foram reprovados em camada semi-redutora; 18% foram reprovados no alinhamento do feixe central; 30% foram reprovados em coincid��ncia de campos; 40% foram reprovados na linearidade de exposi����o; 64% foram rejeitados no teste de ponto focal. Foram verificadas a guarda inadequada e a falta de recomenda����o para uso dos aventais plumb��feros. Os resultados dos testes sugerem a necessidade da implementa����o sistem��tica de controle de qualidade por um profissional qualificado. A rela����o de custo-benef��cio refor��a a implanta����o e a manuten����o dos procedimentos contidos e executados neste trabalho, pois tais procedimentos garantiriam a diminui����o do custo final do servi��o e da dose nos pacientes.

Participa����o da radiologia nas per��cias necrosc��picas de baleados realizadas no Instituto M��dico-Legal do Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho aborda as conseq����ncias de laudos necrosc��picos incompletos de baleados, nos casos em que n��o foi poss��vel o uso de recursos radiol��gicos para localizar os proj��teis de arma de fogo. MATERIAIS E M��TODOS: Foram analisados 8.185 laudos necrosc��picos do Instituto M��dico-Legal Afr��nio Peixoto, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, referentes �� demanda total de cad��veres no per��odo de 1º de janeiro a 31 de dezembro de 2001, dos quais 3.122 casos corresponderam a necropsias de baleados. RESULTADOS: Desses casos, 309 corpos foram sepultados contendo ainda, no seu interior, proj��teis de arma de fogo, podendo suscitar futuras indaga����es judiciais. No mesmo per��odo foram solicitadas 23 exuma����es, 12 delas com a finalidade de recolher proj��teis. Foram calculados os gastos relacionados �� realiza����o de necropsias de baleados - R$ 996,85 - e custos alusivos �� realiza����o de exuma����es com a finalidade de recolher proj��teis de arma de fogo - R$ 1.155,40, visando a estabelecer o montante financeiro que poderia ser poupado pelos cofres p��blicos, a ser alocado para finalidades outras, se a per��cia m��dico-legal de baleados, no exame inicial, obtivesse sucesso. CONCLUS��O: Os resultados permitiram concluir que todos os atos necrosc��picos de baleados devem seguir protocolos espec��ficos, uma vez que per��cias incompletas exigem exuma����o posterior, com gastos adicionais desnecess��rios.

An��lise do perfil dos egressos do Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Medicina (Radiologia) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro

OBJETIVO: Identificar o perfil dos alunos e as motiva����es que os levaram a cursar o Programa de P��s-Gradua����o em Medicina (Radiologia) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, bem como avaliar a produ����o cient��fica, quantitativa e qualitativamente. MATERIAIS E M��TODOS: Foi enviado question��rio contendo perguntas abertas e fechadas a 183 ex-alunos. Responderam 148 egressos. Avaliaram-se expectativas, destino profissional e produ����o cient��fica. RESULTADOS: O aprimoramento t��cnico-cient��fico (39,08%) e a evolu����o na carreira docente (26,82%) foram os aspectos que mais motivaram os egressos a cursar a p��s-gradua����o. As mudan��as decorrentes da finaliza����o do curso foram: melhor conhecimento t��cnico (33,33%) e maior confian��a no desempenho de suas fun����es (17,83%). Verificou-se que 60,42% est��o atuando em institui����es de ensino superior e 39,58% n��o, e que 84,93% dos artigos cient��ficos sobre os temas das teses/disserta����es foram publicados. CONCLUS��O: O curso tem cumprido os requisitos essenciais para a forma����o de pesquisadores e docentes. Identificou-se a necessidade de atua����o mais efetiva dos docentes do programa e de modifica����es curriculares, inserindo-se uma disciplina dedicada �� elabora����o de trabalhos cient��ficos.

Evolution of mammographic image quality in the state of Rio de Janeiro

Objective:To evaluate the evolution of mammographic image quality in the state of Rio de Janeiro on the basis of parameters measured and analyzed during health surveillance inspections in the period from 2006 to 2011.Materials and Methods:Descriptive study analyzing parameters connected with imaging quality of 52 mammography apparatuses inspected at least twice with a one-year interval.Results:Amongst the 16 analyzed parameters, 7 presented more than 70% of conformity, namely: compression paddle pressure intensity (85.1%), films development (72.7%), film response (72.7%), low contrast fine detail (92.2%), tumor mass visualization (76.5%), absence of image artifacts (94.1%), mammography-specific developers availability (88.2%). On the other hand, relevant parameters were below 50% conformity, namely: monthly image quality control testing (28.8%) and high contrast details with respect to microcalcifications visualization (47.1%).Conclusion:The analysis revealed critical situations in terms of compliance with the health surveillance standards. Priority should be given to those mammography apparatuses that remained non-compliant at the second inspection performed within the one-year interval.

Intervalos de refer��ncia para elementos menores e tra��o em cabelo humano para a popula����o da cidade do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been used for the determination of twenty minor and trace elements in hair samples from an urban population group (N = 1775), aiming at the establishment of reliable hair reference intervals. Statistical evaluation of the data with respect to age, sex and anatomic region was performed by multivariant analysis and according to recommendations of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC). The results show that mainly age and anatomic region (scalp or pubis) influence significantly the concentration of several elements. Comparison of the here calculated reference intervals with those previously published and used by clinical laboratories for this population showed larger discrepancies and the need for an urgent revision of these data.

Laborat��rio qu��mico-pr��tico do Rio de Janeiro: primeira tentativa de difus��o da Qu��mica no Brasil (1812- 1819)

Until the present date, historians of science have described inaccurately the first laboratory created in Brazil for establishing and divulging Chemistry, namely the "Laborat��rio Qu��mico-Pr��tico do Rio de Janeiro". During recent research carried out in the Arquivo do Museu Imperial (Petr��polis, RJ), I localized a document entitled "Ensaio hist��rico anal��tico das opera����es do Laborat��rio Qu��mico-Pr��tico do Rio de Janeiro", which allowed me to gain the relevant information to correct some of the observations made in the first chronicles.

Persistent organic pollutants in two reservoirs along the Para��ba do Sul-Guandu River system, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Sediment contamination is evaluated by determining organic micropollutants (organochlorine compounds - OCs and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - PAHs) in two important Brazilian water reservoirs. Trace levels of OCs were observed in the Santana reservoir (44.8 ng g-1 d.w. of p,p'-DDT), while in the Funil reservoir the levels were below detection level. Forty-eight percent of the found sigmaocs were polychlorinated biphenyls, 29% dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), 18% Drins, and 5% other pesticides (HCB, Heptachlor, Heptachlor-epoxide, gamma-HCH and a-Endosulfan). We observed lower levels of sigmaPAH in the Funil reservoir (1 to 275 ng g-1d.w.) than in the Santana reservoir (2.2 to 26.7 ��g g-1 d.w.).

A evas��o nos cursos de gradua����o de qu��mica: uma experi��ncia de sucesso feita no Instituto de Qu��mica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro para diminuir a evas��o

The problem of the dropping out of the graduate chemistry courses is not new in the Brazilian University. What are the principal factors for this dropping out? Are there rules to measure this dropping out? In this work we present our experience in the Chemistry Institute of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro to deal with this problem.

Principais carbonilas no ar de locais p��blicos no Rio de Janeiro

An air quality evaluation of indoor environments with focus on lower carbonyls was carried out in 50 public places using TO-11A methodology. Formaldehyde levels (ranging from 12.5 to 1034 mg m-3) were above the threshold limit in 49 of 50 analyzed samples while acetaldehyde (ranging from 5.2 to 840 mg m-3) and acetone (ranging from 5.5 to 4839 mg m-3) were respectively bellow the limits of OSHA and NIOSH in all samples. However all samples were bellow the threshold limits suggested by the Brazilian legislation - NR-15. A correlation study between the carbonyls and temperature and humidity was also done.

Hidrocarbonetos e esterois como indicadores de fontes e destino de mat��ria org��nica em sedimentos da Ba��a de Sepetiba, Rio de Janeiro

The inputs of organic matter derived from natural and anthropogenic sources to Sepetiba Bay were investigated by using aliphatic hydrocarbons and sterols in superficial sediments. Concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 2.65 &#956;g g-1, <0.01 to 17.41 &#956;g g-1 and 0.77 and 9.24 &#956;g g-1 for n-alkanes, UCM (unresolved complex mixture) and total sterols, respectively. The selected markers and ratios among individual compounds showed the major contribution of terrestrial sources to the total pool of sedimentary organic matter in the bay, but the accumulation of autochthonous organic matter increased with distance from the shoreline. The input of petroleum hydrocarbons and sewage (coprostanol in the range 0.01 to 0.43 &#956;g g-1) were also detected, especially in the more urbanized regions of the bay, but at lower levels of contamination when compared to estuaries in other Brazilian coastal regions.

Transfer��ncia tr��fica de merc��rio e sel��nio na costa norte do Rio de Janeiro

Trophic transfer of trace elements along marine food chains has been recognized as an important process influencing metal and metalloid bioaccumulation. The trophic transfer of mercury was observed between trophic levels from prey (considering fish with different feeding habits and squid) to top predator (dolphin) in a Northern coastal food chain of Rio de Janeiro. Selenium showed some evidence of trophic transfer between lower trophic levels. Dolphin presented the highest mercury concentrations whereas the benthic carnivorous fish showed the highest selenium concentrations. Mercury is biomagnified through the food chain while selenium does not present the same behavior.

O Instituto de Qu��mica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, da p��s-gradua����o �� incorpora����o dos cursos de gradua����o: uma perspectiva hist��rica

This work intends to present the history of top-level Chemistry education in Rio de Janeiro. It's important to rescue the history of Chemistry Institute of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro since 1959. It's also important to understand the incorporation of two undergraduate courses: Chemistry and Chemistry bachelor's degree. It covers historical background of Chemistry education in old National Faculty of Philosophy, considering power disputes between Industrial Chemistry Course and Chemical Engineering; when and in which circumstances the Institute was created; political context and its relation with postgraduate. Finally, discuss the incorporation of undergraduate courses and curriculum modifications since 1968.

Teores de compostos org��nicos em cacha��as produzidas na regi��o norte fluminense - Rio de Janeiro

This work aimed to quantify some organic compounds in "cacha��as" (sugar cane spirit). The ethyl alcohol was quantified by densimetry, after distillation. The acetic acid, methyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isoamyl alcohol (mixture of 2-methyl-butyl and 3-methyl-butyl), ethyl acetate and acetaldehyde were determined by gas chromatography; and the furfural, 5-hydroxy-methylfurfural and acrolein by high efficiency liquid chromatography. From the 30 samples analyzed, 63.3% showed non-conformity with national legislation regarding at least one of the analyzed components.