A new species of Cernotina (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil

A new species of Cernotina (Trichoptera, Polycentropodidae) from the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil. Cernotina Ross, 1938, with 64 extant species, is a New World genus of caddisflies. In Brazil, there are 31 described species of which 28 are recorded from the Amazon basin. Cernotina puri sp. nov. is described and figured based on specimens collected in the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished by the shape of the intermediate appendages and tergum X. The immature stages of C. puri are unknown.

Nesting and use of pollen resources by Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Apidae) in Atlantic Forest areas (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) in different stages of regeneration

Nesting and use of pollen resources by Tetrapedia diversipes Klug (Apidae) in Atlantic Forest areas (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) in different stages of regeneration. The nesting in trap-nests and use of pollen sources in larval food by Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, 1810 (Apidae) was compared between regenerating areas of Atlantic Forest. The study was conducted between April 2008 and October 2009 at Uni��o Biological Reserve, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. T. diversipes nested in 66 trap-nests and showed a peak of nesting during the months of highest rainfall. The most frequent pollen type in brood cells during the wet season was Dalechampia sp. 1. During the dry season, the type Ludwigia sp. was the most frequent, followed by Dalechampia sp. 2. The high frequency of Dalechampia and Ludwigia species in the larval food, observed in both habitats and in the two seasons could be considered relevant for T. diversipes, suggesting highly selective diet based primarily on two plant species unrelated, but similar in size of pollen grains.

Veliidae (Insecta, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) from southeastern Brazil: three new species from Rio de Janeiro State, a new species group for Neotropical Rhagovelia Mayr, and notes on distribution and synonymy

Microvelia nelsoni sp. nov., M. takiyae sp. nov., and Rhagovelia mangaratiba sp. nov. are described. Rhagovelia scitula and R. whitei are transferred from the robusta group to the new whitei group. Rhagovelia denticulata is synonymized under R. scitula. Microvelia longipes, Oiovelia brasiliensis, Rhagovelia sooretama, R. trianguloides, R. vaniniae, and Stridulivelia quadrispinosa are recorded for the first time from Rio de Janeiro State. Additional new municipality records in Rio de Janeiro State are presented for Microvelia braziliensis, M. ioana, M. mimula, M. pulchella, Paravelia basalis, P. itatiayana, Rhagovelia accedens, R. agra, R. aiuruoca, R. elegans, R. hambletoni, R. henryi, R. itatiaiana, R. lucida, R. macta, R. modesta, R. novana, R. scitula, R. tenuipes, R. tijuca, R. triangula, and R. zela. Corrections are presented for the previously published distributions of Rhagovelia aiuruoca, R. lucida, R. macta, and R. triangula.

Euglossine bee communities in small forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

Euglossine bee communities in small forest fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Euglossine bees are important pollinators in forests and agricultural areas. Although the structure of their communities is critically affected by anthropogenic disturbances, little is known about these bees in small forest fragments. The objectives of this study were to analyze the composition, abundance, and diversity of euglossine bee species in nine small fragments of different phytophysiognomies of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, and to identify the environmental variables that may be related to the species composition of these communities. Males were sampled quarterly from May 2007 to May 2009 with aromatic traps containing methyl cinnamate, vanillin, eucalyptol, benzyl acetate, and methyl salicylate. A total of 1558 males, belonging to 10 species and three genera of Euglossina were collected. The richness ranged from five to seven species per fragment. Euglossa cordata, E. securigera, Eulaema nigrita e E. cingulata were common to all fragments studied. The diversity differed significantly among areas, ranging from H' = 1.04 to H' = 1.65. The precipitation, phytophysiognomy, and altitude had the highest relative importance over the species composition variation. The results presented in this study demonstrate that small forest fragments are able to support populations of euglossine bee species, most of which are widely distributed and reportedly tolerant to open and/or disturbed areas and suggest that the conservation of such areas is important, particularly in areas that are regenerating and in regions with agricultural matrices where these bees can act as important pollinators

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: species distribution and potential vectors of leishmaniases

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: Species distribution and potential vectors of leishmaniases. Rio de Janeiro State, in Brazil, has endemic areas of both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases. In these areas, entomologic surveillance actions are highly recommended by Brazil's Ministry of Health. The present work describes the results of sand fly captures performed by the Health Department of Rio de Janeiro State between 2009 and 2011 in several municipalities. An updated species list and distribution of phlebotomine sand flies in the state are provided based on an extensive literature review. Currently, the sand fly fauna of Rio de Janeiro State has 65 species, belonging to the genera Brumptomyia (8 spp.) and Lutzomyia (57 spp.). Distribution maps of potential leishmaniases vector species Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) intermedia, L. migonei, L. (N.) whitmani, L. (N.) flaviscutellata and L. (Lutzomyia) longipalpis are provided and their epidemiological importance is discussed.

Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Insect galls of restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This study carried out an insect gall inventory in restinga areas of Ilha da Marambaia, in the municipality of Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sampling was carried out monthly from April 2010 to March 2011 along the full extension of seven beaches. A total number of 147 gall morphotypes associated with 70 plant species were found, distributed in 33 plant families, and at least 54 genera. Myrtaceae was the botanical family with the highest richness of gall morphotypes and host species, followed by Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Sapindaceae, and Malpighiaceae. Most of the gall morphotypes occurred in leaves (78 morphotypes), 38 in stems, 14 in flowers, eight in buds and fruits, and one in adventitious roots. The galling insects belong to the five orders: Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, and Thysanoptera. Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) was the most common galling taxon (78 morphotypes), represented by 87 species, being 78 gallers, seven inquilines and two predators. In addition to the gallers, parasitoids, inquilines, and predators were also found.

New records of Sarcophagidae species (Diptera) with forensic potential in Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACTSarcophagidae species are frequent and abundant in the decomposition process of corpses and, consequently, play an important role as a tool for the application of Forensic Entomology. Helicobia pilifera Lopes, 1939, Microcerella erythropyga (Lopes, 1936), Oxysarcodexia fringidea Curran & Walley, 1934 and Peckia (Peckia) pexata(Wulp, 1895) were recorded for the first time in a Forensic Entomology experiment in Rio de Janeiro, using domestic pig carcasses as substrate.

Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil)

ABSTRACT Insect galls of a protected remnant of the Atlantic Forest tableland from Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil): Galling insects in Rio de Janeiro state are known by their great diversity, despite most of the surveys have been done in restinga. This paper investigated the insect galls from a remnant of Atlantic Forest located in S��o Francisco de Itabapoana municipality, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The galling insect fauna was surveyed from March, 2013 to April, 2014 at the Esta����o Ecol��gica Estadual de Guaxindiba. 143 gall morphotypes were found in 31 plant families, 60 genera and 82 species. Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Sapindaceae were the main host families, being Trichilia, Tontelea and Eugenia the main host genera. Most galls occured on leaves, with globose shape, green and glabrous. Diptera (Cecidomyiidae), Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera were the inducing orders and the associated fauna comprised parasitoids (Hymenoptera), inquilines (Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, and Hemiptera: Coccoidea), successors (Psocoptera, Collembola and Acari), and predators (Pseudoscorpiones). Three plant genera and nine plant species are recorded for the first time as host of galls in Brazil. All the records are new to the municipality, and the distribution of 15 galling species is extended to the North of the state of Rio de Janeiro.

Caracteriza����o e classifica����o de solos tiom��rficos da v��rzea do rio Coruripe, no estado de Alagoas

Com objetivo de caracterizar e classificar solos com problemas de tiomorfismo na v��rzea do rio Coruripe, Zona ��mida Costeira do estado de Alagoas, foram selecionados seis perfis na ��rea pertencente �� Usina Coruripe, onde est�� instalado um sistema de drenagem. Os solos foram morfologicamente caracterizados e, nas amostras de cada horizonte, foram determinados: granulometria, densidade global e das part��culas, porosidade total, pH (H2O e KCl), mat��ria org��nica, bases troc��veis e CTC, sulfato sol��vel e condutividade el��trica. As diferen��as entre os perfis estudados foram determinadas principalmente pela espessura, teor de carbono org��nico e grau de decomposi����o do material org��nico dos horizontes superficiais e refletem o arranjamento dos solos na paisagem. Os solos apresentaram altos teores de mat��ria org��nica, com valores entre 17 a 77% da massa do solo, que determinaram as propriedades f��sicas, a despeito da textura muito argilosa dos perfis. Os horizontes sulf��ricos ocorreram �� profundidade entre 45 e 90 cm, nos Gleissolos, e entre 15 e 43 cm, nos Organossolos. A capacidade de troca de c��tions �� muito alta em todos os perfis em virtude dos altos teores de mat��ria org��nica. Hidrog��nio e alum��nio s��o os c��tions dominantes, conferindo o car��ter distr��fico aos perfis 2, 3 e 6 e ��lico aos perfis 1, 4 e 5. A condutividade el��trica apresentou valores elevados (≥ 4,0 dS m-1) em apenas alguns dos horizontes sulf��ricos, em virtude da presen��a do hidrog��nio em solu����o, liberado com a oxida����o da pirita e forma����o de ��cido sulf��rico. Com base nos resultados obtidos, os solos estudados foram classificados como: Gleissolo Tiom��rfico H��stico t��pico ��lico; Gleissolo Tiom��rfico H��mico t��pico distr��fico; Organossolo Tiom��rfico S��prico t��rrico distr��fico; Organossolo Tiom��rfico S��prico t��rrico ��lico; Organossolo Tiom��rfico H��mico t��rrico ��lico; Organossolo Tiom��rfico H��mico t��rrico distr��fico. Os crit��rios estabelecidos no Sistema Brasileiro de Classifica����o de Solos mostraram-se adequados �� classifica����o dos solos estudados.

Aptid��o para reflorestamento das sub-bacias dos canais do Mangue e do Cunha, munic��pio do Rio de Janeiro

Avaliou-se a aptid��o para reflorestamento das terras das partes n��o edificadas da vertente norte do maci��o da Tijuca, sub-bacias dos canais do Mangue e do Cunha, com o intuito de subsidiar a����es do Programa Mutir��o Reflorestamento da Secretaria Municipal de Meio Ambiente do Rio de Janeiro. A avalia����o da aptid��o das terras estimou graus de limita����o dos par��metros: defici��ncia de nutrientes, defici��ncia de ��gua, susceptibilidade �� eros��o e impedimentos ao manejo. Estes graus de limita����o foram estimados para os componentes das unidades de mapeamento de solos, considerando as informa����es de solos e paisagens do mapeamento existente. Para a digitaliza����o e organiza����o das informa����es geradas, foram utilizados sistemas de informa����es geogr��ficas. As seguintes classes de aptid��o para reflorestamento foram determinadas: 11,2 % de Regular, 81,5 % de Restrita e 7,3 % de Inapta. A declividade representa o fator limitante de maior import��ncia para as terras da classe de aptid��o restrita, seguida da presen��a de rochosidade.

Macrofauna ed��fica em est��dios sucessionais de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e pastagem mista em Pinheiral (RJ): Rio de Janeiro State

Entre os diferentes tipos de organismos da macrofauna do solo, distribu��dos em diversos tipos de habitats, com variados h��bitos alimentares e ciclos de vida, alguns s��o capazes de responder rapidamente ��s altera����es ambientais e, por isso, considerados bons indicadores do funcionamento dos ecossistemas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito dos seguintes est��dios sucessionais de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana do dom��nio ecol��gico da Mata Atl��ntica: floresta secund��ria est��dio inicial (FSEI), floresta secund��ria est��dio m��dio (FSEM), floresta secund��ria est��dio avan��ado (FSEA) e uma ��rea de pasto misto manejado (PMM) sobre a densidade, diversidade e composi����o da comunidade da macrofauna ed��fica em duas ��pocas do ano, no munic��pio de Pinheiral (RJ). Para amostragem da macrofauna, foram retiradas oito amostras da serapilheira e da camada superficial (0-10 cm) do solo pelo m��todo recomendado pelo programa Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility (TSBF), com adapta����es. Predominaram Isoptera, Formicidae e Oligochaeta em FSEI, FSEM e FSEA e Formicidae e Oligochaeta em PMM. N��o houve diferen��a significativa na densidade da macrofauna ed��fica entre as ��reas. Os maiores valores dos estimadores de diversidade utilizados (equabilidade de Pielou, riqueza total e m��dia) foram encontrados em FSEA. Os valores de riqueza total mostraram aumento gradual de acordo com o est��dio de sucess��o, desde PMM at�� FSEI. Constatou-se maior n��mero de indiv��duos no solo do que na serapilheira em todas as ��reas de floresta, nas duas ��pocas. Pela an��lise de componentes principais (ACP) realizada para os per��odos seco e chuvoso, foi poss��vel identificar maiores diferen��as na composi����o das comunidades entre os est��dios sucessionais para o per��odo chuvoso. Nesta ��poca, os est��dios FSEM e FSEA estiveram associados a uma maior diversidade de invertebrados sapr��fagos e predadores do que PMM e FSEI, demonstrando influ��ncia do processo sucessional sobre a comunidade da macrofauna do solo.

Physical and chemical attributes of archaeological soils developed from shell middens in the Regi��o dos Lagos, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

In prehistoric times, innumerous shell middens, called "sambaquis", consisting mainly of remains of marine organisms, were built along the Brazilian coast. Although the scientific community took interest in these anthropic formations, especially since the nineteenth century, their pedological context is still poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify the physical and chemical changes induced by soil-forming processes, as well as to compare the morphology of shell midden soils with other, already described, anthropogenic soils of Brazil. Four soil profiles developed from shell middens in the Regi��o dos Lagos - RJ were morphologically described and the physical and chemical properties determined. The chemical analysis showed that Ca, Mn, Mg, and particularly P and Zn are indicators of anthropic horizons of midden soils, as in the Amazon Dark Earths (Terras Pretas de ��ndio). After the deposition of P-rich material, P reaction and leaching can mask or disturb the evidence of in situ man-made strata, but mineralogical and chemical studies of phosphate forms can elucidate the apparent complexity. Lower phosphate-rich strata without direct anthropic inputs indicate P leaching and precipitation in secondary forms. The total and bioavailable contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Cu, P, and organic C of midden soils were much higher than of regional soils without influence of ancient human settlements, demonstrating that the high fertility persisted for long periods, at some sites for more than 4000 years. The physical analysis showed that wind-blown sand contributed significantly to increase the sand fraction in the analyzed soils (texture classes sand, sandy loam and sandy clay loam) and that the aeolian sand accumulation occurred simultaneously with the midden formation.

Mineralization of organic phosphorus in soil size fractions under different vegetation covers in the north of Rio de Janeiro

In unfertilized, highly weathered tropical soils, phosphorus (P) availability to plants is dependent on the mineralization of organic P (Po) compounds. The objective of this study was to estimate the mineralization of total and labile Po in soil size fractions of &gt; 2.0, 2.0-0.25 and < 0.25 mm under leguminous forest tree species, pasture and "capoeira" (secondary forest) in the 0-10 cm layer of a Red-Yellow Latosol after 90 d of incubation. The type of vegetation cover, soil incubation time and soil size fractions had a significant effect on total P and labile P (Pi and Po) fraction contents. The total average Po content decreased in soil macroaggregates by 25 and 15 % in the &gt; 2.0 and 2.0-0.25 mm fractions, respectively. In contrast, there was an average increase of 90 % of total Po in microaggregates of < 0.25 mm. Labile Po was significantly reduced by incubation in the &gt; 2.0 (-50 %) and < 0.25 mm (-76 %) fractions, but labile Po increased by 35 % in the 2.0-0.25 mm fraction. The Po fraction relative to total extracted P and total labile P within the soil size fractions varied with the vegetation cover and incubation time. Therefore, the distribution of P fractions (Pi and Po) in the soil size fraction revealed the distinctive ability of the cover species to recycle soil P. Consequently, the potential of Po mineralization varied with the size fraction and vegetation cover. Because Po accounted for most of the total labile P, the P availability to plants was closely related to the mineralization of this P fraction.

Educação comunit��ria: al��m do estado e do mercado?

Este trabalho discute o p��blico, o privado e o comunit��rio na educação brasileira, abordando as quest��es do abandono das teses da democratiza����o, da igualdade e da inscri����o da educação no ��mbito do assistencialismo como parte do processo de modifica����o/redu����o da interven����o estatal nas pol��ticas sociais, legitimado pela metamorfose dos conceitos que se verifica no ��mbito educacional e articulado com o esvaziamento da luta pela escola p��blica e o fortalecimento do denominado "terceiro setor" da sociedade.

Quase-mercado oculto: disputa por escolas "comuns" no Rio de Janeiro

O artigo aborda fen��meno pouco estudado no contexto brasileiro: a disputa por escolas p��blicas que n��o podem ser propriamente caracterizadas como de elite ou de excel��ncia, mas que t��m a reputa����o de escolas de boa qualidade. Apesar de pouco reconhecido na literatura, este �� um fen��meno que se expressa mediante alguns dispositivos competitivos postos em a����o tanto por fam��lias em busca de melhores oportunidades educacionais quanto pela burocracia educacional, os quais t��m papel ativo no processo de escolha das escolas pelos pais e dos alunos pelas escolas. O fen��meno se articula �� intrincada rede de hierarquias sociais marcada pela desigualdade de oportunidades na sociedade brasileira. O patrim��nio de rela����es sociais dispon��vel aos atores �� fortemente mobilizado nos casos em que, diante de uma oferta escolar insatisfat��ria, a luta por uma melhor oportunidade ocupa lugar de destaque nas estrat��gias de muitos indiv��duos e fam��lias