Detection of human herpesvirus 6 and 7 DNA in saliva from healthy adults from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

In this study, we aimed to evaluate virus shedding in the saliva of healthy adults from the metropolitan region of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to verify the prevalence of both human herpesviruses 6 and 7 (HHV-6, HHV-7). The studied group comprised 182 healthy individuals at Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, who were being seen for annual odontologic revisions. Saliva specimens were subjected to a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of HHV-6A, HHV-6B and HHV-7. The total Roseolovirus DNA prevalence was 22.4%. The PCR detected a HHV-6 prevalence of 9.8%, with HHV-6A detected in 7.1% of the samples and HHV-6B in 2.7%. HHV-7 DNA was revealed in 12.6% of the studied cases. Multiple infections caused by HHV-6A and 7 were found in 2.1% of the samples. No statistical differences were observed regarding age, but for HHV-7 infection, an upward trend was observed in female patients. Compared to studies from other countries, low prevalence rates of herpesvirus DNA were detected in saliva from the healthy individuals in our sample. PCR methodology thus proved to be a useful tool for Roseolovirus detection and it is important to consider possible geographic and populations differences that could explain the comparatively low prevalence rates described here.

Detection of human herpesvirus 7 infection in young children presenting with exanthema subitum

In this study, we assessed the prevalence of human herpesvirus-7 (HHV-7) in 141 serum samples from children less than four years of age with exanthematic disease. All samples were negative for measles, rubella, dengue fever and parvovirus B19 infection. Testing for the presence of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6)-specific high avidity IgG antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed two main groups: one composed of 57 patients with recent primary HHV-6 infection and another group of 68 patients showing signs of past HHV-6 infection. Another 16 samples had indeterminate primary HHV-6 infection, by both IgG IFA and IgM IFA. Serum samples were subjected to a nested polymerase chain reaction to detect the presence of HHV-7 DNA. Among patients with a recent primary HHV-6 infection, HHV-7 DNA was present in 1.7% of individuals; however, 5.8% of individuals tested positive for HHV-7 DNA in the group with past primary HHV-6 infection. Among the 16 samples with indeterminate diagnosis, 25% (4/16) had HHV-7 DNA (p < 0.002). We hypothesise that HHV-7 might be the agent that causes exanthema. However, a relationship between clinical manifestations and the detection of virus DNA does not always exist. Therefore, a careful interpretation is necessary to diagnose a primary infection or a virus-associated disease. In conclusion, we detected HHV-7 DNA in young children from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

A comparison of molecular markers to detect Lutzomyia longipalpis naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum

The aim of the present study was to detect natural infection by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum in Lutzomyia longipalpis captured in Barcarena, state of Pará, Brazil, through the use of three primer sets. With this approach, it is unnecessary to previously dissect the sandfly specimens. DNA of 280 Lu. longipalpis female specimens were extracted from the whole insects. PCR primers for kinetoplast minicircle DNA (kDNA), the mini-exon gene and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) gene of Leishmania were used, generating fragments of 400 bp, 780 bp and 603 bp, respectively. Infection by the parasite was found with the kDNA primer in 8.6% of the cases, with the mini-exon gene primer in 7.1% of the cases and with the SSU-rRNA gene primer in 5.3% of the cases. These data show the importance of polymerase chain reaction as a tool for investigating the molecular epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis by estimating the risk of disease transmission in endemic areas, with the kDNA primer representing the most reliable marker for the parasite.

Reprodución social de familias de niños menores de 7 años

Por medio de muestreo casual-estratificado-proporcional, en este estudio se caracterizaron las formas de reproducción social de 80 familias con niños menores de 7 años, residentes en el área de influencia del HU-USP. Los perfiles de reproducción social fueron construidos utilizándose una base teórico-metodológica-operacional que pre definió tres grupos sociales homogéneos. De la muestra total, 36,1% fueron más excluidas, tanto en el momento de la producción como en el de consumo, 48,2% parecían luchar por la integración en la vida social y 15,7% presentaron inserción calificada en la producción, mostrándose protegidas de la precariedad del trabajo, con un patrón diferenciado de consumo y de representación colectiva y con mayor posibilidad de uso del espacio geo-social. Los resultados demostraron que la metodología utilizada es adecuada para caracterizar los perfiles de reproducción social, evidenciando que los grupos sociales que componen una misma sociedad presentaron condiciones de trabajo y de vida distintas y que cada grupo social está expuesto a determinados patrones de fortalecimiento y de desgaste.

Portuguese validation of the Symptom Inventory of the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Objective To analyze the reliability and validity of the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the instrument for symptom assessment, titled MD Anderson Symptom Inventory - core. Method A cross-sectional study with 268 cancer patients in outpatient treatment, in the municipality of Ijuí, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Results The Cronbach’s alpha for the MDASI general, symptoms and interferences was respectively (0.857), (0.784) and (0.794). The factor analysis showed adequacy of the data (0.792). In total, were identified four factors of the principal components related to the symptoms. Factor I: sleep problems, distress (upset), difficulties in remembering things and sadness. Factor II: dizziness, nausea, lack of appetite and vomiting. Factor III: drowsiness, dry mouth, numbness and tingling. Factor IV: pain, fatigue and shortness of breath. A single factor was revealed in the component of interferences with life (0.780), with prevalence of activity in general (59.7%), work (54.9%) and walking (49.3%). Conclusion The Brazilian version of the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory - core showed adequate psychometric properties in the studied population.

Artrópodos associados à copa de Attalea phalerata Mart. (Arecaceae), na região do Pantanal de Poconé, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Six individuals of the palm A. phalerata, in Poconé floodplains of Mato Grosso, were sprayed with a synthetic pyrethroid (0.25% concentration) in order to study the biomass, diversity, and richness of the canopy arthropods. A total of 17,188 (238.7±80.6 ind./m²) arthropods belonging to 22 Orders, was collected in a 72 m² funnel area. Two hours after spraying, 58.9% of the total number fell into the funnels, 37.6% was obtained by shaking the trees, and finally, 3.5% after cutting and washing all the palm leaves. The Coleoptera (27.4%), Hymenoptera-Formicidae (19.0%), Collembola (13.6%), Psocoptera (10.7%), Diptera (9.0%) and Araneae (6.4%) were the predominant. The total biomass was 15.1 g dry weight (0.4mg/m²; 0.13+0.04/tree). A total of 4,715 beetles representing 48 families and 326 morphospecies were obtained. Tenebrionidae (22.9%), Curculionidae (22.0%), Carabidae (10.9%) and Staphylinidae (7.9%) were the most abundant, while Curculionidae (44 spp.), Staphylinidae (40 spp.) and Chrysomelidae (34 spp.) presented the largest number of morphospecies. Herbivores (37.5%) were the dominant in the trophic guilds of adult Coleoptera, followed by predators (35.4%), fungivores (14.6%), and saprophages (12.5%). Although most arthropod Orders were represented in all the palms sampled, analysis of variance showed no significant differences in their composition, however there was a significant difference in their frequency of occurrence.

Efeito da formononetina (7 hidroxi, 4'metoxi isoflavona) na colonização micorrízica e crescimento do milho em solo contendo excesso de metais pesados

O excesso de metais pesados contamina o solo, exercendo impacto negativo sobre os microrganismos e ação tóxica sobre as plantas, dificultando a revegetação e reabilitação de áreas degradadas. No presente estudo, avaliou-se o efeito da aplicação do isoflavonóide formononetina (7 hidroxi, 4'metoxi isoflavona) no crescimento e absorção de metais pelo milho (Zea mayz L.) em mistura de solo com proporções crescentes de um solo contaminado que continha 16.904, 194, 219 e 836 mg dm-3 de solo de Zn, Cd, Pb e Cu, respectivamente. Esse solo foi diluído com solo não contaminado para obter misturas com 0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5 e 10,0% p/p do solo contaminado. Nas misturas de solo, infestadas com propágulos de fungos micorrízicos, foi plantado milho, com e sem a aplicação de solução de formononetina sintética (5 mg L-1) equivalente a 400 µg kg-1 de solo. Verificou-se um efeito depressivo acentuado da elevação da contaminação do solo na colonização micorrízica e no crescimento das plantas. A formononetina estimulou a colonização nos níveis mais baixos de contaminação e exerceu efeito positivo no crescimento do milho. A absorção dos metais, em especial de Zn e Cd, aumentou com a elevação da contaminação, sendo os teores de Zn menores nas plantas com formononetina, enquanto os teores de Fe foram maiores nestas plantas até 7,5% de solo contaminado. Os resultados indicam que a formononetina reduz, de modo indireto, por meio da micorriza, os efeitos adversos do excesso de metais no solo, especialmente de Zn no milho. O favorecimento da formação de micorriza diminui a absorção de Zn e aumenta a de Fe, podendo ser este o mecanismo responsável pela ação amenizante da formononetina na toxidez de metais pesados no milho. Conclui-se que o uso da formononetina pode facilitar a revegetação de solos contaminados com metais pesados.