A aplicação foliar de molibdênio na fase de enchimento de vagens do feijão-comum pode reduzir a qualidade da semente

Com o objetivo de aprimorar a tecnologia de produção de sementes ricas em molibdênio (Mo), foram avaliados os efeitos da aplicação foliar de 600 g ha-1 de Mo na qualidade fisiológica da semente de feijão. Em campo, essa dose de Mo foi aplicada na fase V4 (terceira folha trifoliolada), ou parcelada de duas a quatro vezes e aplicada em V4, R6 (floração), R7 e, ou, R8 (enchimento de vagens). A aplicação de 300 g ha-1 de Mo em R6 não influenciou a qualidade da semente, em comparação com a do controle (90 g ha-1 de Mo aplicado em V4). Dos três tratamentos em que 200, 255 ou 300 g ha-1 de Mo foram aplicados em R7, apenas com 255 g ha-1 o Mo reduziu a germinação e vigor das sementes, em comparação com as do controle. Quando 200, 255 ou 300 g ha-1 de Mo foram aplicados em R8 (cinco tratamentos), geralmente o Mo reduziu a germinação e, em dois casos, também o vigor das sementes, em comparação com os do controle. Concluiu-se que 255 g ha-1 de Mo aplicado em R7 e, sobretudo, doses iguais ou mais altas que 200 g ha-1 de Mo aplicadas em R8 podem reduzir a qualidade fisiológica da semente de feijão.

Adubação potássica aplicada na axila foliar e no solo em coqueiro anão verde

RESUMO O potássio (K) influencia diretamente a produtividade do coqueiro anão por ser ativador de enzimas envolvidas na respiração e fotossíntese, entre outras funções. No entanto em muitos casos sua aplicação no solo não tem proporcionado teores foliares adequados. Avaliou-se a influência de níveis de adubação potássica, com KCl, no solo e na axila foliar, nos teores de nutrientes em coqueiro anão verde (Cocos nucifera L.). O experimento foi conduzido, de 31/05/2007 a 31/05/2008, em pomar comercial, em Campos dos Goytacazes, em Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico, no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e 16 repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas formas de aplicação (no solo e na axila da folha 9) e dois níveis de KCl (1666 e 3333 g de KCl por planta, por ano), níveis 1 e 2 no solo e (833 e 1666 g planta-1 ano-1), níveis 1 e 2 na axila, parceladas em quatro aplicações sendo uma a cada três meses, além de uma testemunha sem KCl. Coletaram-se amostras foliares antes da primeira adubação e três meses após cada adubação. A aplicação de KCl proporcionou aumento dos teores foliares de K e de Cl e diminuiu o de Mg. Os teores foliares de N; P; Ca; S; B; Cu; Fe; Mn e Zn não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos. A aplicação de potássio na axila foliar permite maior absorção desse nutriente pelas plantas. A aplicação foliar minimiza as perdas e possibilita reduzir as quantidades de fertilizante potássico aplicadas.

Growth and plant mass of radish fertirrigated with different doses nitrogen

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses applied via fertigation and associated with different types of crop establishment fertilization on growth and biomass of radish. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, from April to May 2014. Treatments consisted of five doses of nitrogen fertilizer applied by fertigation (0, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8g per pot) and three types of crop establishment fertilization (humus 2:2; NPK and control), arranged in a 5 x 3 factor design with four repetitions. The 15 treatments were arranged in 60 plots. The nitrogen source used in the study was urea, divided in three applications: the first application was carried out eight days after transplanting, the second, on day 15, and the third, on day 22. The crop establishment fertilization significantly influenced the growth variables and plant mass of the radish on day 35 after transplanting. The highest values of the variables (number of leaves, plant height, bulb diameter, leaf area, fresh mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the aerial part and root/aerial part were observed in the treatment with humus on day 35 after transplanting. The dose of 2.8g nitrogen per pot corresponding to 6.22g of urea per plant provided the highest yield for the variable number of leafs, leaf area and root length on day 35 after transplanting.

ABOUT PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES IN APPLICATION SCORING MODELS

The purpose of this study is to investigate the contribution of psychological variables and scales suggested by Economic Psychology in predicting individuals’ default. Therefore, a sample of 555 individuals completed a self-completion questionnaire, which was composed of psychological variables and scales. By adopting the methodology of the logistic regression, the following psychological and behavioral characteristics were found associated with the group of individuals in default: a) negative dimensions related to money (suffering, inequality and conflict); b) high scores on the self-efficacy scale, probably indicating a greater degree of optimism and over-confidence; c) buyers classified as compulsive; d) individuals who consider it necessary to give gifts to children and friends on special dates, even though many people consider this a luxury; e) problems of self-control identified by individuals who drink an average of more than four glasses of alcoholic beverage a day.

Serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis. The application and significance

Parasitological diagnosis based on the faecal examination is frequently difficult in cases of chronic, low-level S. stercoralis infection. Even when a newly developed sensitive method (an agar plate culture) is applied, it is essential to examine faecal samples repeatedly to achieve a correct diagnosis. Additionally, it is important to note that a negative result does not necessarily indicate the unequivocal absence of the infection. On the other hand, several serological tests which have recently been developed for strongyloidiasis have proven reliable when used to complement parasitological examination. We have developed two serological tests, ELISA and GPAT, to demonstrate Strongyloides infection and possible applications of the serological tests for diagnosis, mass-screening, epidemiological study and postchemotherapy evaluation of strongyloidiasis were reviewed based on our recent studies.

Application of anti-leptospira ELISA-lgM for the etiologic elucidation of meningitis

Leptospirosis is one of the causes of meningitis, although its importance is not well known. In the present study we contributed to this knowledge by demonstrating specific IgM class anti-leptospira antibodies by the immunoenzymatic method ELISA in 14.6% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 171 patients with meningitis considered to be of indeterminate etiology. The frequencies of positivity were similar in cases with predominance of polymorphonuclear or lymphomononuclear leucocytes in the CSF. Age distribution showed a predominance of the 5 to 15 year age range (72%), and sex distribution showed a predominance of males (68%). The authors discuss the contribution of this method to the etiologic elucidation of meningitis.

VALIDATION OF 14C-UREA BREATH TEST FOR DIAGNOSIS OF Helicobacter pylori

The aim of this study was to validate the 14C-urea breath test for use in diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Thirty H. pylori positive patients, based on histologic test and thirty H. pylori negative patients by histology and anti-H. pylori IgG entered the study. Fasting patients drank 5 uCi of 14C-urea in 20 ml of water. Breath samples were collected at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min. The difference of cpm values between the two groups was significant at all the time intervals, besides time 0 (p<0.0001). At 20 min, the test gave 100% sensitivity and specificity with a cut-off value of 562 cpm. Females were higher expirers than males (p=0.005). 14C-urea breath test is highly accurate for Helicobacter pylori diagnosis. It is fast, simple and should be the non-invasive test used after treating Helicobacter pylori infection.

Proposal of abolition of the skin sensitivity test before equine rabies immune globulin application

An epizootic outbreak of rabies occurred in 1995 in Ribeirão Preto, SP, with 58 cases of animal rabies (54 dogs, 3 cats and 1 bat) confirmed by the Pasteur Institute of São Paulo, and one human death. The need to provide care to a large number of people for the application of equine rabies immune globulin (ERIG) prevented the execution of the skin sensitivity test (SST) and often also the execution of desensitization, procedures routinely used up to that time at the Emergency Unit of the University Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (EU-UHFMRP-USP), a reference hospital for the application of heterologous sera. In view of our positive experience of several years with the abolition of SST and of the use of premedication before the application of antivenom sera, we used a similar schedule for ERIG application. Of the 1489 victims of animal bites, 1054 (71%) received ERIG; no patient was submitted to SST and all received intravenously anti-histamines (anti-H1 + anti-H2) and corticosteroids before the procedure. The patients were kept under observation for 60 to 180 minutes and no adverse reaction was observed. On the basis of these results, since December 1995 ERIG application has been decentralized in Ribeirão Preto and has become the responsibility of the Emergency Unit of the University Hospital and the Central Basic Health Unit, where the same routine is used. Since then, 4216 patients have received ERIG (1818 at the Basic Health Unit and 2398 at the EU-UHFMRP), with no problems. The ideal would be the routine use of human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) in public health programs, but this is problematic, because of their high cost. However, while this does not occur, the use of SST is no longer justified at the time of application of ERIG, in view of the clinical evidence of low predictive value and low sensitivity of SST involving the application of heterologous sera. It is very important to point out that a negative SST result may lead the health team to a feeling of false safety that no adverse reaction will occur, but this is not true for the anaphylactoid reactions. The decision to use premedication, which is based on knowledge about anaphylaxis and on the pharmacology of the medication used, is left to the judgment of health professionals, who should always be prepared for eventual untoward events.

APPLICATION OF 6-NITROCOUMARIN AS A SUBSTRATE FOR THE FLUORESCENT DETECTION OF NITROREDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN Sporothrix schenckii

Introduction Sporothrix schenckii is a thermal dimorphic pathogenic fungus causing a subcutaneous mycosis, sporotrichosis. Nitrocoumarin represents a fluorogenic substrate class where the microbial nitroreductase activity produces several derivatives, already used in several other enzyme assays. The objective of this study was the analysis of 6-nitrocoumarin (6-NC) as a substrate to study the nitroreductase activity in Sporothrix schenckii. Methods Thirty-five samples of S. schenckii were cultivated for seven, 14 and 21 days at 35 °C in a microculture containing 6-nitrocoumarin or 6-aminocoumarin (6-AC) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethyl sulfoxide as a negative control, for posterior examination under an epifluorescence microscope. The organic layer of the seven, 14 and 21-day cultures was analyzed by means of direct illumination with 365 nm UV light and by means of elution on G silica gel plate with hexane:ethyl acetate 1:4 unveiled with UV light. Results All of the strains showed the presence of 6-AC (yellow fluorescence) and 6-hydroxylaminocoumarin (blue fluorescence) in thin layer chromatography, which explains the green fluorescence observed in the fungus structure. Conclusion The nitroreductase activity is widely distributed in the S. schenckii complex and 6-NC is a fluorogenic substrate of easy access and applicability for the nitroreductase activity detection.

Production and diagnostic application of recombinant domain III of West Nile envelope protein in Brazil

INTRODUCTION: West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus with a natural cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. Over the last 11 years, WNV has spread throughout the Americas with the imminent risk of its introduction in Brazil. METHODS: Envelope protein domain III of WNV (rDIII) was bacterially expressed and purified. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with WNV rDIII antigen was standardized against mouse immune fluids (MIAFs) of different flavivirus. RESULTS: WNV rDIII reacted strongly with St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) MIAF but not with other flaviviruses. CONCLUSIONS: This antigen may be a potentially useful tool for serologic diagnosis and may contribute in future epidemiological surveillance of WNV infections in Brazil.

Comparação preliminar da área foliar de três acessos depupunha(Bactris gasipaes H.B.K. PALMAE) oriundos de três populações distintas da Amazônia Ocidental

A área foliar é um importante parâmetro de crescimento e está diretamente relacio nada com a produção de frutos. Neste trabalho estimou-se a área foliar da pupunheina (Bactris gasipaes H.B.K.) em três diferentes acessos que representam as populações de Benjamin Constant, Coari e Rio Preto da Eva, no Estado do Amazonas,Brasil. Primeiro com parou-se o coeficiente de regressão entre a área verdadeira e a área retangular dos folíolos para determinar a similaridade entre as pupunheiras da Amazônia e as da América Central. A seguir, estimou-se a área foliar de três folhas/plantas e três plantas/acesso para cada população. O número de folíolos, a média do comprimento e da largura máxima de uma amostra de seis folíolos e um fator de correção, permitem fazer esta estimativa. Determinou-se que os três acessos são significativamente diferentes quanto a este parâme tro, sugerindo que a área foliar e seus componentes são descritores de importância, tan to na descrição de populações como no melhoramento genético da espécie.

Identificação e concentração das antocianinas durante a ontogenia foliar de Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (IAN 873) e H. pauciflora Muell. Arg. submetidas a dois regimes hídricos .

Através de cromatografia descendente em papel, com a utilização de três sistemas de solventes, indentificaram-se os pigmentos presentes nas folhas de seringueira. Por meio das análises dos cromatogramas e dos RF encontrados, verificou-se a presença de duas antocianinas, a pelargonidina e a cianidina. Foi observada a presença de uma mancha amarela, com RF acima de 0,90, provavelmente o quempferol. O teor de antocianina foi influenciado pelo déficit hídrico em plântulas de serigueira, com drástica redução nos primeiros dez dias de antogenia foliar. Após o vigésimo dia de idade, não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos. A progênie do clone IAN 873 de Hevea brasiliensis foi mais influenciada pela deficiência hídrica que a de H. pauciflora.

ESTUDOS ECOFISIOLÓGICOS DE Orchidaceae DA AMAZÔNIA. II - ANATOMIA ECOLÓGICA FOLIAR DE ESPÉCIES COM METABOLISMO CAM DE UMA CAMPINA DA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL

Este trabalho é o segundo de uma série que objetiva correlacionar a anatomia foliar e via de fixação de C02 com a distribuição geográfica de Orchidaceae e especificamente, detectar a existência de suculência nas espécies estudadas e também qualificá-las na classificação anatômica de WITHNER et al.(1974). Enfoca-se características anatômicas que possivelmente se relacionariam com o xeromorfismo habitacional e/ou escleromorfismo nutricional e via fotossintética CAM, e estas estabeleceriam uma sindrome adaptativa para o efetivo controle do fluxo hídrico no limbo foliar, dando para as espécies condições para a colonização de ambientes mais xéricos como os da Campina aberta. Detectou-se a presença de suculência anatômica propícia para a ocorrência do metabolismo CAM, sendo que as folhas foram classificadas como sendo do tipo Coriáceas.