Comparison between the availability of iron in the presence of vitamin a and β-carotene in foods and medications

The objective of this work was to verify the availability of iron in the presence of vitamin A as components of foods and in combinations with medicines. The iron available was measured in the presence of vitamin A in foods - common bean (B), beef liver (Li) and carrot (C) - and medicines - Fer-In-Sol® (Fer) (Mead Johnson), Arovit® (A) (Roche) and Neutrofer® (N) (Sigma Pharma) - as well as in combinations of both. β-carotene, vitamin A, total iron, heme and non heme iron, percentage of dialyzable iron and amount of dialyzable iron was determined. Vitamin A and β-carotene had a positive effect on the percentage of iron dialysis. Carrot and liver had a better percentage of dialyzable iron than their respective medicine at similar concentrations. Therefore, we can conclude that there has been an influence of vitamin A over the dialysis of iron, being the mixtures containing liver the ones which achieved the highest concentrations of dialyzable iron, and also that, according to the amounts needed to obtain the daily recommended intake of iron, they are good for consumption.

Estimating microalgae Synechococcus nidulans daily biomass concentration using neuro-fuzzy network

In this study, a neuro-fuzzy estimator was developed for the estimation of biomass concentration of the microalgae Synechococcus nidulans from initial batch concentrations, aiming to predict daily productivity. Nine replica experiments were performed. The growth was monitored daily through the culture medium optic density and kept constant up to the end of the exponential phase. The network training followed a full 3³ factorial design, in which the factors were the number of days in the entry vector (3,5 and 7 days), number of clusters (10, 30 and 50 clusters) and internal weight softening parameter (Sigma) (0.30, 0.45 and 0.60). These factors were confronted with the sum of the quadratic error in the validations. The validations had 24 (A) and 18 (B) days of culture growth. The validations demonstrated that in long-term experiments (Validation A) the use of a few clusters and high Sigma is necessary. However, in short-term experiments (Validation B), Sigma did not influence the result. The optimum point occurred within 3 days in the entry vector, 10 clusters and 0.60 Sigma and the mean determination coefficient was 0.95. The neuro-fuzzy estimator proved a credible alternative to predict the microalgae growth.

Uso de imagens digitais para avaliação de plântulas de feijão

Com o objetivo de observar o crescimento inicial de feijão, utilizando a avaliação de plântulas por meio de imagens digitais, processadas pelo programa Sigma Scan Pro v. 5.0 e pelo método tradicional de laboratório, foi conduzido o experimento avaliando a influência da temperatura, das cultivares e de diferentes lotes de sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). O experimento foi conduzido em câmaras climatizadas no Laboratório Didático e de Pesquisas em Sementes do Departamento de Fitotecnia - UFSM, onde foram utilizadas as temperaturas constantes de 10, 15, 20, 25 e 30º C, as cultivares Valente e Uirapuru e quatro lotes com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica, obtidos por meio de envelhecimento acelerado durante períodos de zero, 12, 24 e 36 horas (41º C e 100% de UR do ar). A captação de imagens ocorreu concomitantemente à avaliação visual do crescimento das plântulas, utilizando câmera digital (Sony® 3.2 mp). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro repetições e 10 amostras. Os testes realizados foram: comprimento do hipocótilo e da raiz primária de plântulas normais, por meio do método tradicional e da coleta de imagens digitais das mesmas plantas. A partir dos resultados pode-se considerar que as avaliações de crescimento das plântulas por meio da análise de imagens digitais e pelo procedimento tradicional apresentam resultados semelhantes e são eficientes para a avaliação do vigor de sementes de feijão.