Determination of pectin methylesterase activity in commercial pectinases and study of the inactivation kinetics through two potentiometric procedures

Pectinases are enzymes that degrade pectic substances and are widely used in juice and fruit beverages to improve the quality of the process. The objective of this study was to determine the optimum pH and temperature of two samples of commercial pectinases and propose an alternative procedure to determine the residual activity comparing the data with those of the traditional procedure. The pectin methylesterase (PME) activity in Pectinex 100 L Plus and Panzyn Clears was determined by potentiometry. The reaction consisted of 5.00 mg.mL-1 apple pectin, 0.100 mol.L-1 NaCl, and 50 µL enzyme to a total volume of 30 mL. The pectin reaction in the presence of PME in all experiments revealed a first order kinetics. The PME in the two enzyme preparations showed higher activity at pH 4.0 to 4.5 and temperature of 45 ºC. From the results of both procedures ΔV NaOH/Δt and ΔpH/Δt, it was concluded that the inactivation of PME occurred at 75 ºC. The results obtained from the ratio ΔpH/Δt showed good correlation with those obtained from the ratio ΔV NaOH/Δt. In the reaction accompanied by the ratio ΔpH/Δt, the release of H3O+ occurred in the real time reaction.

Aloe vera extract as a promising treatment for the quality maintenance of minimally-processed table grapes

The effect of an edible film obtained from a commercial Aloe vera extract, on the quality maintenance of minimally processed grapes belonging to three different cultivars (Sugar One, Victoria and Black Magic) was evaluated by enzymatic (PPO, PME, β-GAL), physicochemical (pH, acidity, °Brix), and sensorial methods. All the analyzed parameters were measured in extracts obtained from minimally processed grapes packaged in ordinary atmosphere and stored at 4 °C for 15 days. Samples dipped into Aloe vera showed significant differences (p≤0.05) compared to untreated ones. The determination of such parameters and the evaluation of consumer acceptability were helpful to determine the effectiveness of the post-harvest treatment with Aloe vera for a storage period of 15 days.

Testes para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milheto

Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência comparativa de diferentes testes para a avaliação de vigor de sementes de milheto (Pennisetum americanum (L) Leeke). Seis lotes foram avaliados pelos testes de germinação, teste de frio, condutividade elétrica, emergência em areia, massa seca das plântulas, peso de mil sementes, e emergência e altura de plantas em campo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. Os resultados indicaram que o teste de frio permite separar lotes de sementes de milheto com diferentes níveis de qualidade fisiológica; o teste de massa seca de plântulas não mostrou associação com a expressão de vigor de sementes de milheto.

Mobilidade intrageracional de rendimentos no Brasil

This work investigates the earnings mobility in Brazil, considering the period before and after the observed fall of inequality in the country. We used microdata from Monthly Employment Survey (PME/IBGE), from 1992 to 2009. It is possible to analyze mobility in an intra generational context. The mobility contributes to decrease income inequality. Given the fall of inequality in the country, if mobility persists, Brazil may experience, in the long run, greater income convergence.