Magnetic resonance imaging and BMB score in the evaluation of bone involvement in Gaucher’s disease patients

AbstractObjective:To evaluate by magnetic resonance imaging changes in bone marrow of patients undergoing treatment for type I Gaucher’s disease.Materials and Methods:Descriptive, cross-sectional study of Gaucher’s disease patients submitted to 3 T magnetic resonance imaging of femurs and lumbar spine. The images were blindly reviewed and the findings were classified according to the semiquantitative bone marrow burden (BMB) scoring system.Results:All of the seven evaluated patients (three men and four women) presented signs of bone marrow infiltration. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head was found in three patients, Erlenmeyer flask deformity in five, and no patient had vertebral body collapse. The mean BMB score was 11, ranging from 9 to 14.Conclusion:Magnetic resonance imaging is currently the method of choice for assessing bone involvement in Gaucher’s disease in adults due to its high sensitivity to detect both focal and diffuse bone marrow changes, and the BMB score is a simplified method for semiquantitative analysis, without depending on advanced sequences or sophisticated hardware, allowing for the classification of the disease extent and assisting in the treatment monitoring.

Retrospective study of sonographic findings in bone involvement associated with rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy: preliminary results of a case series

Abstract Objective: The present study was aimed at investigating bone involvement secondary to rotator cuff calcific tendonitis at ultrasonography. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of a case series. The authors reviewed shoulder ultrasonography reports of 141 patients diagnosed with rotator cuff calcific tendonitis, collected from the computer-based data records of their institution over a four-year period. Imaging findings were retrospectively and consensually analyzed by two experienced musculoskeletal radiologists looking for bone involvement associated with calcific tendonitis. Only the cases confirmed by computed tomography were considered for descriptive analysis. Results: Sonographic findings of calcific tendinopathy with bone involvement were observed in 7/141 (~ 5%) patients (mean age, 50.9 years; age range, 42-58 years; 42% female). Cortical bone erosion adjacent to tendon calcification was the most common finding, observed in 7/7 cases. Signs of intraosseous migration were found in 3/7 cases, and subcortical cysts in 2/7 cases. The findings were confirmed by computed tomography. Calcifications associated with bone abnormalities showed no acoustic shadowing at ultrasonography, favoring the hypothesis of resorption phase of the disease. Conclusion: Preliminary results of the present study suggest that ultrasonography can identify bone abnormalities secondary to rotator cuff calcific tendinopathy, particularly the presence of cortical bone erosion.

Application of cholesterol determination method to indirectly detect meat and bone meals in ruminant feeds

The aim of this study was to verify the presence of meat and bone meal (MBM) in ruminant feed, by identifying the cholesterol using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. The proposed method demonstrated precision, trueness, and capability to detect MBM in the ruminant feed.

Surgical techniques for maxillary bone grafting - literature review

For oral rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses, there are required procedures to create the bone volume needed for installation of the implants. Thus, bone grafts from intraoral or extraoral donor sites represent a very favorable opportunity. This study aimed to review the literature on the subject, seeking to discuss parameters for the indications, advantages and complications of techniques for autogenous bone grafts.

Use of local muscle flaps to cover leg bone exposures

Objective: To evaluate the use of the medial gastrocnemius muscle and/or soleus muscle flaps as surgical treatment of the leg bone exposure.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients undergoing transposition of the medial gastrocnemius and / or soleus for treating exposed bone in the leg, from January 1976 to July 2009, gathering information on epidemiological data, the etiology the lesion, the time between the initial injury and muscle transposition, the muscle used to cover the lesion, the healing evolution of the skin coverage and the function of the gastrocnemius-soleus unit.Results: 53 patients were operated, the ages varying between nine and 84 years (mean age 41); 42 were male and 11 female. The main initial injury was trauma (84.8%), consisting of tibia and / or fibula fracture. The most frequently used muscle was the soleus, in 40 cases (75.5%). The rank of 49 patients (92.5%) was excellent or good outcome, of three (5.6%) as regular and of one (1.9%) as unsatisfactory.Conclusion: the treatment of bone exposure with local muscle flaps (gastrocnemius and/or soleus) enables obtaining satisfactory results in covering of exposed structures, favoring local vascularization and improving the initial injury. It offers the advantage of providing a treatment in only one surgical procedure, an earlier recovery and reduced hospital stay.

Importance of bone assessment and prevention of osteoporotic fracture in patients with prostate cancer in the gonadotropic hormone analogues use

The antiandrogenic therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer represents an additional risk factor for the development of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Still, bone health of patients on ADT is often not evaluated. After literature research we found that simple preventive measures can prevent bone loss in these patients, resulting in more cost-effective solutions to the public health system and family when compared to the treatment of fractures.

Obtention of injectable platelets rich-fibrin (i-PRF) and its polymerization with bone graft: technical note

The use of autologous platelet concentrates, represent a promising and innovator tools in the medicine and dentistry today. The goal is to accelerate hard and soft tissue healing. Among them, the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the main alternative for use in liquid form (injectable). These injectable form ofplatelet concentrates are often used in regenerative procedures and demonstrate good results. The aim of this study is to present an alternative to these platelet concentrates using the platelet-rich fibrin in liquid form (injectable) and its use with particulated bone graft materials in the polymerized form.

A condição periodontal materna e o nascimento de prematuro de baixo peso: estudo caso-controle

OBJETIVOS: verificar as condições periodontais e necessidade de tratamento fornecidas pelo Registro Periodontal Simplificado (PSR) em puérperas, com o intuito de contribuir ao esclarecimento da relação entre doença periodontal e nascimento de recém-nascidos prematuros de baixo peso. MÉTODOS: foi empregado o PSR em amostra de 40 puérperas, divididas em: grupo 1 (teste), composto pelas mães de recém-nascidos prematuros com peso inferior a 2.500 g (n=20), e grupo 2 (controle), formado por mães de recém-nascidos a termo com peso igual ou superior a 2.500 g (n=20). Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, sendo os resultados do PSR submetidos ao tratamento estatístico para verificar se existem diferenças na condição periodontal e necessidade de tratamento entre as puérperas, sendo empregado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, em nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: a presença de bolsa periodontal de 3,5 a 5,5 mm foi o achado mais comum entre as puérperas de recém-nascidos de baixo peso (39,17% dos sextantes), ao passo que a presença de sangramento à sondagem e ausência de bolsa periodontal foram os achados mais freqüentes entre as puérperas de recém-nascidos com peso normal (37,50% dos sextantes), havendo diferença significativa na condição periodontal das puérperas (p=0,0494). Quanto à necessidade de tratamento, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos estudados (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: as puérperas de recém-nascidos prematuros com baixo peso apresentaram piores condições periodontais, sugerindo que a infecção periodontal pode estar relacionada ao nascimento de recém-nascidos prematuros de baixo peso.

Menopausa: fator de risco para doença periodontal?

OBJETIVO: verificar se existe relação entre os parâmetros periodontais e os níveis de estrógeno e densitometria óssea mineral (DOM). MÉTODOS: foram avaliadas 46 mulheres na pós-menopausa entre 44 e 68 anos de idade (52,2±4,8) e 15 mulheres como grupo controle entre 35 e 54 anos de idade (44,7±7,5). Parâmetros periodontais como profundidade à sondagem (PS), perda de inserção clínica (PIC) e dentes ausentes (DA) foram comparados com os níveis de estrógeno (suficiente e deficiente) e DOM em normais, osteopênicas e osteoporóticas. Os dados foram comparados pela diferença das médias entre os grupos e analisados pelo teste de Aspin-Welch. RESULTADOS: as médias dos parâmetros de PS, PIC e DA, quando associados ao grau da DOM em normais (2,1±0,5; 2,9±1,4 e 10,6±5,0), osteopênicas (2,3±0,7; 3,0±1,1 e 12,8±5,1) e osteoporóticas (2,4±0,6; 2,7±0,9 e 14,3±5,7), não mostraram diferenças significativas (p>0,05). Foi encontrada diferença significante entre o grupo controle e nas mulheres menopausadas para PIC e DA. Quando comparados com os níveis de estrógeno os resultados demonstraram igualdade para os parâmetros periodontais. CONCLUSÕES: apesar de alguns estudos demonstrarem correlação positiva da doença periodontal com osteoporose e com os níveis de estrogênio, na população de mulheres menopausadas estes dados não foram confirmados neste estudo.

Doença periodontal e complicações obstétricas: há relação de risco?

Estudos têm apontado possíveis relações de risco existentes entre doenças bucais, principalmente a doença periodontal, e complicações gestacionais, como parto prematuro, nascimento de recém-nascidos de baixo peso e pré-eclâmpsia. As explicações para tais hipóteses baseiam-se no fato de a doença periodontal ser de origem infecciosa, o que poderia provocar aumento de citocinas inflamatórias no sangue materno, por liberação direta da bolsa periodontal ou por disseminação de bactérias patogênicas, induzindo sua produção sistêmica. Esta suposição fundamenta-se no conhecimento de que a fisiopatologia das complicações obstétricas citadas está associada à presença de algumas citocinas no sangue materno. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo realizar revisão da literatura em busca de evidências para estas supostas associações. Apesar do grande número de estudos clínicos encontrados nesta revisão, observa-se a falta de padronização metodológica dos mesmos, fato que limita conclusões definitivas a respeito. Por outro lado, o fato de a doença periodontal ainda não ser comprovadamente um fator de risco para as complicações obstétricas não diminui a importância da manutenção da saúde bucal das gestantes, que devem apresentar condições orais que propiciem adequada alimentação, sem dor e sangramento, e assim manter seu aporte nutricional adequado.

Associação entre osteoporose e doença periodontal em mulheres na pós-menopausa

OBJETIVO: o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a associação entre a osteoporose e a doença periodontal. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 39 mulheres na pós-menopausa, que foram divididas em três grupos conforme categorização da massa óssea, por meio da avaliação da densidade mineral óssea, aferida pela absormetria de dupla emissão com raios X na área lombar (L1-L4): osso normal, osteopenia e osteoporose. Foi aplicado o índice de nível de inserção clínica (NIC) para todas as participantes no início da pesquisa e após um ano, por apenas um examinador. Os dados da situação periodontal foram submetidos à análise estatística com o teste t de Student pareado. RESULTADOS: o exame periodontal revelou que as mulheres na pós-menopausa com osteopenia apresentaram menor média do NIC no exame clínico periodontal inicial (2,1±1,1 mm), enquanto as pertencentes ao grupo osso normal mostraram menor perda dos tecidos de sustentação dos dentes após um ano (3,1±1,6 mm). Após a realização do tratamento estatístico, observou-se que não houve diferença significativa para a situação periodontal no osso normal, entretanto foi constatada diferença estatística nas pacientes do osteopenia e osteoporose, quando comparados os valores do NIC, nos dois períodos de avaliação. CONCLUSÕES: conclui-se que a osteoporose na pós-menopausa pode ser considerada como possível fator de risco para a doença periodontal.

Is liver transplantation associated with decreased bone mass in climacteric women?

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether climacteric women undergoing liver transplantation had higher prevalence of decreased bone mass than those without any liver disease. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 48 women receiving follow-up care at a university hospital in Southeastern Brazil, from February 4th 2009 to January 5th 2011, was conducted. Of these women, 24 were 35 years or older and had undergone liver transplantation at least one year before study entry. The remaining 24 women had no liver disease and their ages and menstrual patterns were similar to those of transplanted patients. Laboratorial tests (follicle-stimulating hormone and estradiol) and bone density measurements of the lumbar spine and femur (equipment Hologic, Discovery WI) were performed. Statistical analysis was carried out by Fisher's exact test, simple Odds Ratio (OR), and multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Mean age of the women included in the study was 52.8 (±10.7) years-old, 27.1% were premenopausal and 72.9% were peri/postmenopausal. Approximately 14.6% of these women exhibited osteoporosis and 35.4% had low bone mass. The following items were associated with decreased bone mass: being postmenopausal (OR=71.4; 95%CI 3.8 - 1,339.7; p<0.0001), current age over 49 years-old (OR=11.4; 95%CI 2.9 - 44.0; p=0.0002), and serum estradiol levels lower than 44.5 pg/mL (OR=18.3; 95%CI 3.4 - 97.0; p<0.0001). Having a history of liver transplantation was not associated with decreased bone mass (OR=1.4; 95%CI 0.4 - 4.3; p=0.56). CONCLUSION: Liver transplantation was not associated with decreased bone mass in this group of climacteric women.

Doença periodontal em mulheres na pós-menopausa e sua relação com a osteoporose

OBJETIVO: Verificar a relação entre periodontite e osteoporose em um estudo caso-controle sobre a condição periodontal das mulheres na pós-menopausa. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 99 mulheres na pós-menopausa, divididas em três grupos: osso normal (Gn), osteopenia (Gpenia) e osteoporose (Gporose), com 45, 31 e 23 casos, respectivamente. A categorização da massa óssea foi aferida pela absorciometria de dupla emissão com raios X na área lombar (L2 - L4), e pela avaliação da densidade mineral óssea. Os índices de nível de inserção clínica (NIC), sangramento gengival (IG), de placa (IP) e profundidade de sondagem (PS) foram obtidos de todas as participantes, por apenas um examinador. Foi utilizado o programa BioEstat 2.0 para análise dos dados com os testes paramétricos análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste de Bonferroni, empregando-se o nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: O grupo de mulheres com osteoporose apresentou o maior percentual de presença da doença periodontal, com maior média do NIC (2,6±0,4 mm), assim como PS (2,8±0,6 mm), IG (72,8±25,9 mm) e IP (72,9±24,2 mm). Após a realização do tratamento estatístico, observou-se que houve diferença significativa para a situação periodontal, principalmente entre os grupos Gn e Gporose (p=0,01) e entre os grupos Gpenia e Gporose (p=0,03). CONCLUSÃO: A osteoporose pode ter uma influência na condição periodontal, por haver relação entre periodontite e osteoporose em mulheres na pós-menopausa.

Effects of hyperprolactinemia and ovariectomy on the tibial epiphyseal growth plate and bone formation in mice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of ovariectomy and the hyperprolactinemia procedure in the tibial epiphyseal growth plate of female mice.METHODS: In this study, the epiphyseal growth plate of ovariectomized (OVX) and/or rendered hyperprolactinemic female mice by 50 days of treatment with 200 μg metoclopramide (M) was evaluated morphologically, morphometrically and immuno-histochemically. Forty female and adult mice were divided into four groups according to treatment: V group - animals treated with saline solution; H group - hyperprolactinemic animals; Ovx/V group - ovariectomized animals and treated with saline solution; Ovx/H group - hyperprolactinemic and ovariectomized animals. After the treatment period, the animals were sacrificed, tibia was removed and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and decalcified in 10% formic acid. The material was immersed in paraffin and subjected to histological processing in paraffin. The sections were stained with Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry was carried out for the pro-apoptotic protein BCL-2. The images for the morphological and morphometric study were analyzed with the imaging program AxioVision 4.8 (Carl-Zeiss(r), Germany).RESULTS: The combination of hyperprolactinemia and the ovariectomy procedure decreased the number of resting chondrocytes 1.5-fold, the number of proliferative chondrocytes 1.8-fold; the percentage of resting cartilage 2.4-fold and the percentage of trabecular bone 2.1-fold, compared with respective control animals.CONCLUSION: The procedure of ovariectomy combined with the metoclopramide-induced hyperprolactinemia in female mice has showed marked bone degeneration due to significant decrease of cell proliferation in the epiphyseal growth plate and bone formation.

Are alveolar bone changes a determinant factor for "cara inchada" in cattle?

In order to study possible alterations of the skeleton which might play a role in the pathogenesis of the periodontitis of "cara inchada" in young cattle, ribs from 20 affected calves, 2 to 10 months old, were examined. Electrolytically decalcified longitudinal sections of the costochondral junction and cross sections through the corpus costae, stained with Haematoxylin-Eosin, were studied. In five calves, longitudinal sections of the proximal humerus were examined as well. The status of mineralization was checked by microradiograms. Systemic alteration of the skeleton due to disturbances of mineral metabolism could not be shown in any of the animals. In seven 2 to 4 months old calves, no bone changes were found. The reduced osteogenesis in six 3 to 5 months old calves and the reduced osteogenesis and diminished chondral growth in seven 5 to 10 months old calves are therefore a consequence of the disease. The results show that the development of the alveolar bone was not defective, so this cannot be a determinant factor for the development of the periodontitis of "cara inchada" in cattle.