O volume plaquetário médio abaixo do normal está associado com extensão reduzida de doença arterial coronariana

FUNDAMENTO: A extensão da doença arterial coronariana aterosclerótica em pacientes com angina estável tem importantes implicações prognósticas e terapêuticas. Em modelos atuais de evolução de placas, os trombócitos desempenham um papel importante no crescimento de placas. O volume plaquetário médio é um marcador facilmente determinado, com evidência de correlação com a agregabilidade plaquetária in vitro, além de valores comprovadamente maiores após eventos vasculares agudos. OBJETIVO: No presente estudo, investigou-se a relação entre o volume plaquetário médio e a extensão angiográfica da doença arterial coronariana em pacientes com angina estável. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados prontuários, hemograma completo e dados angiográficos anteriores de 267 pacientes elegíveis com angina estável. A extensão angiográfica da doença arterial coronariana foi avaliada à luz de dados angiográficos, com o uso por um especialista do escore de Gensini em uma cardiologia invasiva. Os valores para o volume plaquetário médio foram obtidos a partir de hemogramas completos, obtidos um dia antes da angiografia. Com relação ao intervalo populacional para o volume plaquetário médio, os pacientes foram agrupados dentro (n = 176) e abaixo (n = 62) do referido intervalo. Foi realizada uma comparação entre grupos e uma análise correlacional. RESULTADOS: Não houve correlação linear entre o escore de Gensini total e o volume plaquetário médio (p = 0,29), ao passo que a contagem total de trombócitos apresentou correlação inversa com o volume plaquetário médio (p < 0,001, r = 0,41). Os pacientes com volume plaquetário médio abaixo do normal apresentaram um escore de Gensini (36,73 ± 32,5 vs. 45,63 ± 32,63; p = 0,023) e doença coronariana triarterial (18% VS. 36%; p = 0,007) significativamente inferiores se comparados com aqueles apresentando valores de volume plaquetário médio dentro dos intervalos populacionais. CONCLUSÃO: Nossas constatações não demonstraram nenhuma relação linear entre o volume plaquetário médio e a extensão da doença arterial coronariana, ao passo que os pacientes com volume plaquetário médio abaixo do normal apresentaram uma extensão reduzida da doença arterial coronariana.

Relação entre volume do átrio esquerdo e disfunção diastólica em 500 casos de uma população brasileira

FUNDAMENTO: O aumento do Volume do Átrio Esquerdo Indexado (VAEi) tem sido associado à Disfunção Diastólica (DD) do Ventrículo Esquerdo (VE), considerado marcador de eventos cardiovasculares (fibrilação atrial, acidente vascular cerebral, insuficiência cardíaca, e óbito). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre VAEi e diferentes graus de DD em pacientes brasileiros submetidos ao ecocardiograma, estudando os determinantes do aumento do VAEi nesta amostra. MÉTODOS: Selecionamos 500 pacientes ambulatoriais submetidos a ecocardiografia, após exclusão de arritmia, cardiopatia valvar ou congênita, marca-passo permanente ou janela ecocardiográfica inadequada. O VAEi foi obtido pelo método de Simpson; classificou-se a DD segundo diretrizes atuais. Variáveis clínicas e ecocardiográficas foram submetidas a análise multivariada de regressão linear. RESULTADOS: A idade média foi de 52 ± 15 anos, 53% do sexo masculino, 55% hipertensos, 9% coronariopatas, 8% diabéticos, 24% obesos, 47% com hipertrofia VE, fração de ejeção média do VE: 69,6 ± 7,2%. A prevalência de DD na amostra foi de 33,8% (grau I: 66%, grau II: 29% e grau III: 5%). Houve aumento progressivo das dimensões do VAEi conforme o grau de DD: 21 ± 4 mL/m² (ausente), 26 ± 7 mL/m² (grau I), 33 ± 5 mL/m² (grau II), 50 ± 5 mL/m2 (grau III) (p < 0,001). Os preditores independentes de aumento do VAEi nesta amostra foram idade, massa ventricular esquerda, espessura relativa de parede, fração de ejeção do VE e relação E/e'. CONCLUSÃO: A DD contribui para o remodelamento atrial esquerdo. O aumento do VAEi expressa a gravidade da DD e está associado de forma independente com idade, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, disfunção sistólica e aumento das pressões de enchimento do VE.

Left Atrial Volume Index and Prediction of Events in Acute Coronary Syndrome: Solar Registry

Background: According to some international studies, patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and increased left atrial volume index (LAVI) have worse long-term prognosis. However, national Brazilian studies confirming this prediction are still lacking. Objective: To evaluate LAVI as a predictor of major cardiovascular events (MCE) in patients with ACS during a 365-day follow-up. Methods: Prospective cohort of 171 patients diagnosed with ACS whose LAVI was calculated within 48 hours after hospital admission. According to LAVI, two groups were categorized: normal LAVI (≤ 32 mL/m2) and increased LAVI (> 32 mL/m2). Both groups were compared regarding clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, in- and out-of-hospital outcomes, and occurrence of ECM in up to 365 days. Results: Increased LAVI was observed in 78 patients (45%), and was associated with older age, higher body mass index, hypertension, history of myocardial infarction and previous angioplasty, and lower creatinine clearance and ejection fraction. During hospitalization, acute pulmonary edema was more frequent in patients with increased LAVI (14.1% vs. 4.3%, p = 0.024). After discharge, the occurrence of combined outcome for MCE was higher (p = 0.001) in the group with increased LAVI (26%) as compared to the normal LAVI group (7%) [RR (95% CI) = 3.46 (1.54-7.73) vs. 0.80 (0.69-0.92)]. After Cox regression, increased LAVI increased the probability of MCE (HR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.28-7.40, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Increased LAVI is an important predictor of MCE in a one-year follow-up.

Meta-Analysis of Ultrafiltration versus Diuretics Treatment Option for Overload Volume Reduction in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Introduction: Although diuretics are mainly used for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF), inadequate responses and complications have led to the use of extracorporeal ultrafiltration (UF) as an alternative strategy for reducing volume overloads in patients with ADHF. Objective: The aim of our study is to perform meta-analysis of the results obtained from studies on extracorporeal venous ultrafiltration and compare them with those of standard diuretic treatment for overload volume reduction in acute decompensated heart failure. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were systematically searched using a pre‑specified criterion. Pooled estimates of outcomes after 48 h (weight change, serum creatinine level, and all-cause mortality) were computed using random effect models. Pooled weighted mean differences were calculated for weight loss and change in creatinine level, whereas a pooled risk ratio was used for the analysis of binary all-cause mortality outcome. Results: A total of nine studies, involving 613 patients, met the eligibility criteria. The mean weight loss in patients who underwent UF therapy was 1.78 kg [95% Confidence Interval (CI): −2.65 to −0.91 kg; p < 0.001) more than those who received standard diuretic therapy. The post-intervention creatinine level, however, was not significantly different (mean change = −0.25 mg/dL; 95% CI: −0.56 to 0.06 mg/dL; p = 0.112). The risk of all-cause mortality persisted in patients treated with UF compared with patients treated with standard diuretics (Pooled RR = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.64–1.56; p = 0.993). Conclusion: Compared with standard diuretic therapy, UF treatment for overload volume reduction in individuals suffering from ADHF, resulted in significant reduction of body weight within 48 h. However, no significant decrease of serum creatinine level or reduction of all-cause mortality was observed.

Left Atrial Volume Determinants in Patients with Non-Ischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Background:Left atrial volume (LAV) is a predictor of prognosis in patients with heart failure.Objective:We aimed to evaluate the determinants of LAV in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).Methods:Ninety patients with DCM and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction ≤ 0.50 were included. LAV was measured with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (eco3D). The variables evaluated were heart rate, systolic blood pressure, LV end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume and ejection fraction (eco3D), mitral inflow E wave, tissue Doppler e´ wave, E/e´ ratio, intraventricular dyssynchrony, 3D dyssynchrony index and mitral regurgitation vena contracta. Pearson´s coefficient was used to identify the correlation of the LAV with the assessed variables. A multiple linear regression model was developed that included LAV as the dependent variable and the variables correlated with it as the predictive variables.Results:Mean age was 52 ± 11 years-old, LV ejection fraction: 31.5 ± 8.0% (16-50%) and LAV: 39.2±15.7 ml/m2. The variables that correlated with the LAV were LV end-diastolic volume (r = 0.38; p < 0.01), LV end-systolic volume (r = 0.43; p < 0.001), LV ejection fraction (r = -0.36; p < 0.01), E wave (r = 0.50; p < 0.01), E/e´ ratio (r = 0.51; p < 0.01) and mitral regurgitation (r = 0.53; p < 0.01). A multivariate analysis identified the E/e´ ratio (p = 0.02) and mitral regurgitation (p = 0.02) as the only independent variables associated with LAV increase.Conclusion:The LAV is independently determined by LV filling pressures (E/e´ ratio) and mitral regurgitation in DCM.

Desenvolvimento vegetativo da berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) em função do volume de terra disponível

Com a finalidade de se verificar a influência do volume de terra disponível no desenvolvimento vegetativo da berinjela (Solanun melongena L.), conduziu-se um ensaio, em condições de casa de vegetação, no Setor de Horticultura da E.S.A, "Luiz de Queiroz", em Piracicaba, SP, utilizando-se da cultivar híbrida F 100. Foram utilizados recipientes (vasos) de 5 tamanhos diferentes: 200, 450, 3000, 4750 e 9000 cm³ de capacidade. Através dos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que: quanto maior o recipiente utilizado maior o desenvolvimento vegetativo da beringela, até um ponto em que poderia haver uma menor produtividade por unidade de área plantada. Para a berinjela, há a necessidade de recipiente que corresponda a uma capacidade de, no mínimo, 4750 centímetros cúbicos de substrato.

Alterações nos caracteres de peso, volume e densidade dos grãos de milho (Zea mays L.) provocadas pela seleção segundo o tamanho do embrião

Nos métodos de seleção comumente empregados para elevar o conteúdo de óleo nos grãos de milho se verifica alterações morfológicas, principalmente a redução de seu peso, devido ao balanço energético fisiológico entre o óleo e o carboidrato presentes nos grãos. O presente trabalho teve por finalidade avaliar as alterações em peso, volume e densidade dos grãos provocado pelo emprego do método de seleção entre famílias de meios irmãos para produtividade e dentro das famílias seleção visual para embrião grande, visando a obtenção de germoplasmas com alta produtividade de grãos e elevado conteúdo em óleo nos seus grãos. Para tanto, foi usado sementes S1 da população Alto Óleo onde foi feito seleção entre e dentro de famílias para produtividade e tamanho do embrião, respectivamente; e a população Original, onde somente foi realizado seleção entre e dentro de famílias para produtividade. O tipo de seleção empregada não provocou redução nos caracteres de peso e volume de 100 grãos, e sim, uma tendência para aumentar estas características na população Alto Óleo em relação à população Original. Para o caráter densidade dos grãos, embora estatisticamente não significativo, houve uma redução. Esta redução foi devido que o método seletivo usado na população Alto Óleo foi mais eficiente para o aumento do volume dos grãos do que para o peso desses.

Estudos sobre a regeneração do figado - variação do volume nuclear das celulas hepáticas em repouso divisional

Surgical removal of large amounts of hepatic tissue in male albino rats results in a rapid and conspicuous raise in cellular nuclear volumes. Measurements were made exclusively in resting nuclei. This volume variation is transitory. Nuclear volumes return to the normal value withins 6 days of restoration. The higher value are abserved 48 hours after the hepatic removal, indicating probably that this effect is due to hydration of the nucei, as occurs in the cytoplasm. This hydration could be correlated to the mitotic activity of the renmant tissue since a peak of mitoses parallels the changes in the nuclear volumes.

Quantitative method of viral pollution determination for large volume of water using ferric hydroxide gel impregnated on the surface of glassfibre cartridge

Quantitative method of viral pollution determination for large volume of water using ferric hydroxide gel impregnated on the surface of glassfibre cartridge filter. The use of ferric hydroxide gel, impregnated on the surface of glassfibre cartridge filter enable us to recover 62.5% of virus (Poliomylitis type I, Lsc strain) exsogeneously added to 400 liters of tap-water. The virus concentrator system consists of four cartridge filters, in which the three first one are clarifiers, where the contaminants are removed physically, without significant virus loss at this stage. The last cartridge filter is impregnated with ferric hydroxide gel, where the virus is adsorbed. After the required volume of water has been processed, the last filter is removed from the system and the viruses are recovered from the gel, using 1 liter of glycine/NaOH buffer, at pH 11. Immediately the eluate is clarified through series of cellulose acetate membranes mounted in a 142mm Millipore filter. For the second step of virus concentration, HC1 1N is added slowly to the eluate to achieve pH 3.5-4. MgC1, is added to give a final concentration of 0.05M and the viruses are readsorbed on a 0.45 , porosity (HA) cellulose acetate membrane, mounted in a 90 mm Millipore filter. The viruses are recovered using the same eluent plus 10% of fetal calf serum, to a final volume of 3 ml. In this way, it was possible to concentrate virus from 400 liters of tap-water, into 1 liter in the first stage of virus concentration and just to 3 ml of final volume in a second step. The efficiency, simplicity and low operational cost, provded by the method, make it feasible to study viral pollution of recreational and tap-water sources.

Regulatory volume decrease in Leishmania mexicana: effect of anti-microtubule drugs

The trypanosomatid cytoskeleton is responsible for the parasite's shape and it is modulated throughout the different stages of the parasite's life cycle. When parasites are exposed to media with reduced osmolarity, they initially swell, but subsequently undergo compensatory shrinking referred to as regulatory volume decrease (RVD). We studied the effects of anti-microtubule (Mt) drugs on the proliferation of Leishmania mexicana promastigotes and their capacity to undergo RVD. All of the drugs tested exerted antiproliferative effects of varying magnitudes [ansamitocin P3 (AP3)> trifluoperazine > taxol > rhizoxin > chlorpromazine]. No direct relationship was found between antiproliferative drug treatment and RVD. Similarly, Mt stability was not affected by drug treatment. Ansamitocin P3, which is effective at nanomolar concentrations, blocked amastigote-promastigote differentiation and was the only drug that impeded RVD, as measured by light dispersion. AP3 induced 2 kinetoplasts (Kt) 1 nucleus cells that had numerous flagella-associated Kts throughout the cell. These results suggest that the dramatic morphological changes induced by AP3 alter the spatial organisation and directionality of the Mts that are necessary for the parasite's hypotonic stress-induced shape change, as well as its recovery.

Prevalence of nursing diagnosis of fluid volume excess in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Objective: To identify the prevalence of nursing diagnosis of fluid volume excess and their defining characteristics in hemodialysis patients and the association between them. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted in two steps. We interviewed 100 patients between the months of December 2012 and April 2013 in a teaching hospital and one hemodialysis clinic. The inference was performed by diagnostician nurses between July and September 2013. Results: The diagnostic studied was identified in 82% of patients. The characteristics that were statistically associated: bounding pulses, pulmonary congestion, jugular vein distention, edema, change in electrolytes, weight gain, intake greater than output and abnormal breath sounds. Among these, edema and weight gain had the highest chances for the development of this diagnostic. Conclusion: The analyzed diagnostic is prevalent in this population and eight characteristics presented significant association.