Generación de estados superficiales durante la formación electroforética catódica de películas de TiO2 sobre ito

In the present work TiO2 films were formed over Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) employing cathodic electrophoretic deposition (Cathodic-EPD) and Dr. Blade Technique. The films were characterized by electrochemical techniques in order to compare their electronic properties; as well as, their photoelectrochemical behavior. The electrochemical performance showed by the films, allowed to relate the modification occurring during the Cathodic-EPD, with the partial reduction of TiO2 nanoparticles, generating Ti3+ defects. These trapping states are modifying the electronic properties of the film, and diminishing the transport of the photoelectrogenerated electrons toward ITO.

Evolución el añublo del arroz en dos condiciones de fertilidad nitrogenada

Con el objetivo de evaluar la evolución de la infección producida por Pyricularia oryzae (cooke) Sacc, en la hoja y en la panícula, fueron seleccionados tres genotipos de arroz (Oryza sativa). Los genotipos: El Paso 144 (EP), Don Ignacio (DI) y H 316-1-2-1-1 (H 316) fueron sembrados en condiciones de campo, en la Estación Experimental La Plata, y en dos condiciones de disponibilidad de nitrógeno (testigo o sin nitrógeno y 150 kg N ha-1 en forma de urea). El hongo fue inoculado en la tercera hoja, con una mezcla de razas, a una concentración de 1,2 x 10(5) fragmentos de hifa/ml, incubándose durante 48 horas en cámara húmeda. Fueron evaluados la severidad y tipo de mancha en la hoja y la severidad e incidencia en la panícula. Se realizó el ANOVA, y las diferencias estadísticas fueron analizadas a través del test Tukey (p<0,05). Fueron aplicados modelos Log-lineares para datos no paramétricos. No se observó interacción entre genotipo y fertilización, en las hojas, en los estadios de primer perfilo (M) y diferenciación (D). La fertilización aumentó la severidad en las hojas. El coeficiente de correlación entre el tipo de mancha y el porcentaje de severidad en la hoja fue elevado. Fue observada interacción entre genotipo y fertilización en los valores de severidad en la panícula, los mismos que disminuyeron con la fertilización en los genotipos EP y DI, pero no presentaron diferencias en H 316.

Mycobiota evolution during storage of paddy, brown and milled rice in different genotypes

The rice grain is frequently infected by a series of pathogens (fungi) during its storage, producing damages to the economy and health of humans. The aim of this study was to identify the fungal genera present in different rice genotypes and to quantify their variation during storage. Paddy, brown and milled rice fractions of Nutriar, (N) H329-5(H329) and Don Ignacio genotypes were analyzed at 4, 8 and 12 months of storage. Fungi were identified based on their micromorphological characteristics and colonies. The observed genera according to their frequency were: Alternaria, Nigrospora, Epicoccum, Bipolaris, Curvularia, Cladosporium and Fusarium (field fungi) and Penicillium and Aspergillus (storage fungi). The mycobiota composition was different depending on the grain fraction and the period of storage: field fungi were located in the hulls and bran layers, while storage fungi were mainly in the endosperm. The different genotypes showed different susceptibility to contamination.

Bone changes caused by experimental Solanum malacoxylon poisoning in rabbits

The aim of this study was to describe the bone changes observed after a daily oral administration of the calcinogenic plant Solanum malacoxylon (syn. S. glaucophyllum) (Sm) during 9 days. The Sm-poisoned rabbits had an increase of bone resorption in the endosteal surface of the cortical zone and also in the surface covered by osteoblasts of the primary and secondary spongiosa of the trabecular bone compartment. Moreover, the epiphyseal growth plates in long bones appeared narrower than in the control rabbits, with reduction of the proliferative and hyperthrophic chondrocyte zones. The electron microscopic study revealed a significant decrease of proteoglycans in the hyperthrophic chondrocyte zone evidenced by a significant reduction of rutenium red positive granules in the poisoned rabbit. Altogether, these data suggest that cell differentiation may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Sm-induced bone lesions.

Monitoring bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection status in dairy herds

This study was designed to assess the relationship between antibodies against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) determined in the bulk tank milk (BTM) and the within-herd seroprevalence. We also assessed the efficiency of measuring antibody levels in BTM samples to monitor BVDV infection status in a herd. In the 81 farms included in the study, BTM samples were obtained and blood samples withdrawn from all cattle older than one year. The infection status was then determined in serum and milk using a commercial blocking ELISA based on the detection of anti-p80 antibodies. Apart from these baseline serum and milk samples, another BTM sample was collected from each herd 9 months later, and a third BTM sample obtained 9 months after this. In these second and third milk samples, anti-BVDV antibodies were determined using the same ELISA kit. Statistical tests revealed good agreement between herd seroprevalences (% seropositive animals in the herd) and the antibody levels detected in the BTM samples. During the 18 months of follow-up, the farms with persistently infected cattle at the study outset (14.8% of the herds) showed a significant decrease in BTM antibody titers after virus clearance. Conversely, a significant increase in BTM antibody levels was observed in the herds infected with BVDV during the follow-up period. Our findings indicate that monitoring antibody levels in the BTM is a useful method of identifying changes in the BVDV infection status of a herd.

Prevention of contrast induced nephropathy with sodium bicarbonate (the PROMEC study)

Introduction: Contrast-induced nephropathy is a common complication of radiographic procedures. Different measures have been used to avoid this damage, but the evidence is controversial. New investigations are required to clarify it. We investigated the efficacy and safety of sodium bicarbonate solution compared with sodium chloride solution to prevent contrast induced nephropathy in patients with or at risk of renal dysfunction. Methods: A prospective, single-center, randomized clinical trial conducted from May 1, 2007 to February 8, 2008. Inpatients in a tertiary center, scheduled to undergo a procedure with the nonionic radiographic contrast agent iohexol. There were 220 patients with serum creatinine levels of at least 1.2 mg/dL (106.1 µmol/L) and/or type 2 diabetics, who were randomized to receive an infusion of sodium chloride (n = 113) or sodium bicarbonate (n = 107) before and after contrast dye administration. The intervention were "A" group received 1 ml/kg/hour of normal saline solution, starting 12 hours before and continuing 12 hours after iohexol contrast. "B" group received 3 ml/kg of sodium bicarbonate solution (150 mEq/L) one hour prior to procedure and then drip rate was decreased to 1 ml/kg/hour until 6 hours post procedure. Our main outcome measure was change in serum creatinine. Results: The mean creatinine value after the procedure was 1.26 mg/dL in the saline group and 1.22 mg/dL in the bicarbonate group (mean difference: 0.036; CI 95%: -0.16 to 0.23, p = 0.865). The diagnosis of contrast-induced nephropathy, defined by increase in serum creatinine on 25% or more within 2 days after administration of radiographic contrast, was done in twelve patients (12%) in the bicarbonate group and eighth patients (7.1%) in the saline group (RR: 1.68, CI 95%: 0.72 to 3.94). Conclusion: Our investigation showed that there were no differences between normal saline solution (extended infusion) vs. bicarbonate solution for nephroprotection.

Efectos de la temperatura, el ambiente lumínico y la escarificación sobre la germinación de semillas de Bromelia serra Griseb. (Bromeliaceae)

Bromelia serra Griseb. (Bromeliaceae) es una hierba terrestre que habita en el sotobosque de bosques abiertos del Chaco y el Cerrado. En este trabajo se analizó el efecto de la temperatura, el clima lumínico y la escarificación sobre la germinación de semillas. Se evaluaron dos regímenes de temperatura (15/20 ºC y 20/30 ºC), tres ambientes lumínicos (Luz, Filtro y Oscuridad; 100% luz y 0.65 R:FR, 100% luz y 0.09 R:FR y sin luz respectivamente) y dos tratamientos de escarificación (Escarificación durante 1 min. con H2SO4 al 30% y Control sin escarificar). La temperatura fue un factor clave ya que solo se registró germinación (una reducida fracción de las semillas y en forma lenta) en el tratamiento a 20/30 ºC. Las semillas fueron indiferentes a la intensidad de luz, germinando tanto en condiciones de luz como de oscuridad. La calidad de la luz afectó la germinación, registrándose mayores porcentajes de germinación a altas relaciones R:FR. No se detectaron efectos de la escarificación en la germinación de las semillas. Los resultados de este trabajo aportan información básica sobre la germinación de semillas, que resultan útiles para el manejo de la especie.