Estudos anatômicos e histológicos sôbre a subfamília Triatominae (Heteroptera, reduviidae): XIX parte: estudo comparado das mandíbulas de vários Triatominae e outros Reduviidae

Descreve-se, nesta publicação, as mandíbulas de 8 espécies de Triatominae e de 8 de outros Heteroptera, do grupo dos predadores, focalizando a forma e a armação da parte apical. Os caracteres permitem diferenciar entre um tipo hematófago e um predador. Nos hematófagos conseguimos diferenciar os 3 gêneros estudados pela forma e armação das mandíbulas; não é possível, porém, a classificação das espécies pelas mandíbulas, porque as diferenças, sendo mesmo específicas, não são suficientemente significativas. Forma e armação dos estiletes dos dois tipos estão relacionadas, diretamente, com os costumes dos animais no ato de alimentação.

Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional: XIX - Melastomataceae

Foram estudadas na presente parte do nosso Catálogo de Pólens do Sul do Brasil, 89 espécies da família MELASTOMATACEAE. Os grãos de pólen pertencem todos a um emsmo tipo polínico: grãos prolatos perprolatos, 3-colporados, 3-pseudocolpados, de superfície psilada ou finamente ondulada. Foi possível fazer uma subdivisão das epécies em dois grandes grupos, segundo a existência ou não de opérculo nospseudocolpos, verificados para Bertolonia, Ossaea, Salpinga e algumas espécies de Leandra. Salientam-se os grãos de Mouriri em virtude da superfície amplamente reticulada, possuindo colpos providos de costas, igualmente como em Rhynchanthera. Há uma correspondência entre os grupos taxonômicos desta família e os gupos polínicos estabelecidos, entretanto, é impossível separar as espécies, como também a maioria dos gêneros segundo a morfologia de seus grãos de pólen.

Localized, diffuse, and aggregative-adhering Escherichia coli from infants with acute diarrhea and matched-controls

Of 126 infants under 2 years, enrolled in a study on the etiology of acute diarrhea in Recife, Brazil, we selected 37 from whom no recognized enteropathogens, except classic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, were identified. For comparison, we also examined 37 matched-control infants without diarrhea seen at the same hospital setting. This paper had the purpose to determine the prevalence of localized, diffuse, and aggregative-adhering E. coli strains in both groups. Three to five fecal E. coli colonies, of each case and control, were tested individually for adherence to HeLa cells by using the one step 3-h incubation assay. Strains of E. coli showing localized adherence were found significantly more often in patients (37.8%) than in controls (13.5%), p < 0.02, and they were pratically confined to EPEC serovars 055:H-, 0111:H2, and 119:H6. In contrast, E. coli isolates exhibiting the diffuse or aggregative patterns of adherence were restricted to non-EPEC serogroups and were more frequently encountred among controls.

The consequences of malaria infection in pregnant women and their infants

Preliminary results are presented from this study which indicate that 84.8 of pregnant women present at first antenatal visit with anemia (Hb 11g/dl) an 8.7 of their infants (n = 230) have a hemoglobin at birth below 14g/dl. There is an association between pregnancy anemia and malaria. A case control study in pregnant women and an infant cohort study to 18 months of age, are employed to study the cause and effects of anemia and malaria on women and their infants health.

Enteropathogens associated with diarrheal disease in infants of poor urban areas of Porto Velho, Rondônia: a preliminary study

One hundred and thirty cases of diarrhea and 43 age-matched controls, 0 to 5 years old, were studied in a pediatric outpatient unit from a poor peri urban area of Porto Velho, Rondônia. Eighty percent of diarrheal cases were observed in the groups under 2 years of age. Rotavirus (19.2%) was the most frequent enteropathogen associated with diarrhea, followed by Shigella flexneri (6.15%) and S. sonnei (1.5%) and Salmonella sp. (6.9%). Four cases of E. coli enterotoxigenic infections (3.1%), E. coli enteropathogenic (EPEC)(2.3%) one case of E. coli enteroinvasive infection (0.8%) and one case of Yersinia enterocolitica (0.8%) were also identified. Mixed infections were frequent, associating rotavirus, EPEC and Salmonella sp. with Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia.

Infectious disease among enslaved African Americans at Eaton's Estate, Warren County, North Carolina, ca. 1830-1850

The skeletal remains of 17 people buried in the Eaton Ferry Cemetery in northern North Carolina provide a means of examining health and infectious disease experience in the XIX century South. The cemetery appears to contain the remains of African Americans enslaved on the Eaton family estate from approximately 1830-1850, and thus offers a window into the biological impacts of North American slavery in the years preceding the Civil War. The sample includes the remains of six infants, one child, and one young and nine mature adults (five men, four women, and one unknown). Skeletal indices used to characterize health and disease in the Eaton Ferry sample include dental caries, antemortem tooth loss, enamel hypoplasia, porotic hyperostosis, periosteal lesions, lytic lesions, and stature. These indicators reveal a cumulative picture of compromised health, including high rates of dental disease, childhood growth disruption, and infectious disease. Specific diseases identified in the sample include tuberculosis and congenital syphilis. Findings support previous research on the health impacts of slavery, which has shown that infants and children were the most negatively impacted segment of the enslaved African American population.

Diptera Brachycera found inside the esophagus of a mummified adult male from the early XIX century, Lisbon, Portugal

Fly puparia and adult fragments of diptera muscid were found inside the esophagus of a mummified body from the early XIX century, buried inside the crypt of the Sacrament Church (Lisbon, Portugal). The identification of the material revealed a monospecific colonization by Ophyra capensis (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Muscidae), a species known to invade corpses in the ammoniacal fermentation wave. This species can be found in corpses kept indoors, not available to the early waves of blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae). In the present case, the number of pupae and their developmental stage suggest that the female invaded the mummified corpse through the partially opened mouth and the oviposition took place directly inside the esophagus. This is the first case of O. capensis infesting internal organs of an intact corpse. The use of chemical products for the embalming process probably explains why external colonization did not occur.

Syphilis and cirrhosis: a lethal combination in a XIX century individual identified from the Medical Schools Collection at the University of Coimbra (Portugal)

Syphilis is a chronic infection that is categorized by a three-stage progression. The tertiary stage may affect bones and produce distinctive skull lesions called caries sicca. This paper aims to present an unusual case of syphilis associated with a diagnosis of cirrhosis, which was recorded as the cause of death in a 28-year-old female in 1899. The appearance and distribution of the lesions were compatible with acquired syphilis, as observed in the skull from the Medical Schools Collection of the University of Coimbra. However, the cause of death was recorded as "hypertrophic cirrhosis of the liver", this is a condition that is compatible with several liver disorders, including a primary liver disorder, such as cirrhosis provoked by alcoholism, infection of the liver by syphilis pathogens or by damage to the liver from the use of mercury compounds, which was the common treatment for syphilis at the time. This paper represents a contribution to the understanding of the natural evolution of syphilis.

Early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis in newborn infants using IgG subclasses against two Toxoplasma gondii recombinant proteins

The aim of this work was to evaluate the utility of ELISA-based testing of total IgG (IgGt) antibodies and its subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4) against soluble (STAg) and recombinant (rSAG1 and rMIC3) antigens of Toxoplasma gondii for diagnosing congenital toxoplasmosis. Sera from 217 newborns initially testing positive for specific IgM in filter paper dried blood spots were tested for specific IgM and IgG by ELFA-VIDAS®. Congenital toxoplasmosis was confirmed in 175 and ruled out in 42 infants. The validity of the ELISA tests was determined using the persistence of IgG antibodies (ELFA-VIDAS® kit) at the end of 12 months, which is considered the reference test for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis. The frequency of positivity with IgGt against STAg, rSAG1 and rMIC3 was found in 97.2%, 96.3% and 80.2%, respectively, of the newborns with confirmed congenital toxoplasmosis. IgG1 reacted with all three antigens, while IgG3 and IgG4 reacted preferentially with rMIC3. Higher mean values of reactivity (sample optical density/cut-off) were found for all subclasses when using rMIC3. All of the antigens showed high sensitivity and low specificity in detecting anti-T. gondii IgGt and IgG1 and low sensitivity and high specificity in detecting IgG3 and IgG4. In conclusion, the combined detection of IgG antibody subclasses against recombinant toxoplasmic antigens may be useful for the early diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis.

Neonatal mortality in infants with low birth weigh

Objective To evaluate the factors associated with neonatal mortality in infant born with low birth weight. Method Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from 771 live births with low birth weight (<2500 g) in the city of Cuiabá, MT, in 2010, of whom 54 died in the neonatal period. We obtained data from the Information System on Live Births and Mortality, by integrated linkage. Results In multiple logistic regression, neonatal mortality was associated with: number of prenatal visits less than 7 (OR=3.80;CI:1,66-8,70); gestational age less than 37 weeks (OR=4.77;CI:1.48-15.38), Apgar score less than 7 at the 1st minute (OR=4.25;CI:1.84-9.81) and the 5th minute (OR=5.72,CI:2.24-14.60) and presence of congenital anomaly (OR=14.39;IC:2.72-76.09). Conclusion Neonatal mortality in infants with low birth weight is associated with avoidable factors through adequate attention to prenatal care, childbirth and infants.


Changes in physiological and behavioral parameters of preterm infants undergoing body hygiene: a systematic review

Objective To verify the effect of bathing on the body temperature of preterm infants (PTI). Method Systematic review conducted in the following bibliographic electronic sources: Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde/Lilacs (BVS), Cumulated Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science, using a combination of search terms, keywords and free terms. The review question was adjusted to the PICO acronym (Patient/population, Intervention, Control/comparative intervention, Outcome). The selected publications were evaluated according to levels of evidence and grades of recommendation for efficacy/effectiveness studies, as established by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Results Eight hundred and twenty four (824) publications were identified and four studies met the inclusion criteria, of which three analyzed the effect of sponge baths and the effect of immersion baths. Conclusion Sponge baths showed a statistically significant drop in body temperature, while in immersion baths the body temperature remained stable, although they studied late preterm infants.

Projeto político e sistematização do ensino público brasileiro no século XIX

Este artigo situa a concepção de sistema público de ensino no quadro do pensamento político de Rui Barbosa e do liberalismo republicano de João Köpke. Depois de apresentar as posições com que consideram a questão, o texto investiga os argumentos desenvolvidos na prática parlamentar de Rui Barbosa e na carreira profissional de João Köpke, para compreender as relações que os dois autores mantiveram com os critérios de reforma da instrução pública no século XIX.

Estudos sobre desenvolvimento humano no século XIX: da biologia à psicogenia

A escola historicamente erigiu-se como instituição privilegiada de formação de um extrato da população definido pelo seu pertencimento geracional, qual seja, a infância. Essa operação significou a produção e circulação de saberes voltados para compreensão dos processos de desenvolvimento individual, que sustentassem a aprendizagem escolar. É ao longo do século XIX que tais saberes constituem um campo científico específico, desde os estudos ontogenéticos, referidos à Biologia, a posterior configuração da chamada psicogenia. Busca-se neste estudo, pelo levantamento e análise das obras dos principais autores do período, resgatar o percurso de conformação do campo. Tem-se em vista compreender as permanências e os deslocamentos ocorridos no interior de tal produção, analisando a configuração de uma identidade científica. Verifica-se que, ao longo do período estudado, a embriologia, a biologia darwiniana e lamarkiana, a estatística e a antropometria constituíram-se como referências privilegiadas para a construção de um espaço de saber sobre o desenvolvimento individual, entendido como racialmente determinado.

Famílias e alunos de origem africana no Maranhão do século XIX

O presente artigo demonstra a existência de famílias negras e a presença de crianças oriundas destas famílias em escolas públicas do Maranhão, durante o século XIX. A partir de uma metodologia indiciária, foram consultados anúncios de jornais maranhenses do século XIX, códices referentes aos registros de batismo, casamento e documentação da Secretaria do Governo, localizados no Arquivo Público do Estado do Maranhão e Biblioteca Pública Benedito Leite.