Experimentos com os nematieidas D. D, E.D.B., C.B.P. e Vapam no combate aos nematódeos que parasitam a batatinha em São Paulo

The writers report results on the application of four fumigants (D. D., E. D. B.-40, C. B. P. and Vapam) for control of root-knot and meadow nematodes attacking potato in beds filled with soil artificially inoculated. The data obtained were as follows: a) as reported by previous authors, potato is sensitive to C.B.P., the toxical effects of which disapearing only about 6 and half months after application. On the other hand, C.B.P. proved to have a significative residual nematicidal value, protecting the seeds from root-knot nematodes for a period of two years; b) D. D., E. D. B., and Vapam were effective for controling root-knot but with no residual value, having to be used prior to each planting; c) at the rates used, no nematicide was effective to control meadow nematodes; d) in the conditions of the experiments, all nematicides incited attacks bv Streptomyces scabies. Actually, in some cases scab did not affect any tuber from the check while the entire production from the treated beds was heavily desfigured. The writers assume that as the nematicides killed protozoa and too many bacteria-eating nematodes, they destroyed the biological equilibrium existing in the soil, thus allowing the S. scabies population to reach a high level.

(Nota n.º 3) Nematódeos da aboboreira

In the State of S. Paulo, Brazil, squash plants (Cucurbita spp.) are attacked by the Javanese nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) and by M. incognita acrita. Squash belongs to that group of plants in which the root-knot nematodes break through the root surface, so that the egg-producing females protrude from the root, showing yellowish or brow nish egg masses attached to them. Washed roots show numerous small dark spots, each corresponding to an ootheca, which is adhering to a mature female. A curious abnormal female of M. i. acrita was obtained from a sample of squash roots. This female's body showed two globular parts, separated by a deep constriction. The convoluted ovaries were found to fill both portions of the body.

(Nota n.º 4) Sôbre os nematódeos que parasitam o pessegueiro

This paper deals with galled peach roots from two localities in Brazil (Ouro Prêto and Piracicaba). Both samples were found attacked by Meloidogyne incognita acrita Chitwood, 1949. The material from Piracicaba also harboured two species of dagger nematodes (Xiphinema campinense Lordello, 1951, and X. krugi Lordello, 1955).

Nematódeos e bactérias em fôlhas de alcachôfra

Diseased plants of artichoke (Cynara scolimus L.) from the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil, harboured nematodes in the leaves. The nematodes proved to belong to the species Protorhabditis oxyuris (Claus, 1862) Dougherty, 1955. As it could not be charged as the primary agent of the disease, a study of the bacteria found in the material was made. This disclosed that 4 different bacterial forms were present, namely Bacillus subtilis, Bacterium udum, Xanthomonas beticola var. cynarae n. var., and Cory neb acterium fascians var. cynarae n. var. The typical forms of X. beticola and of C. fascians are known as pathogenic to a number of plants: but, in the present case, unfortunately no inoculation trial could be made as an attempt to clear up the possible pathogenicity of any of them also to Cynara scolimus. The nematode P. oxyuris is the secondary agent, which however possibly play an important part in the distribution of the bacteria, as it has been repeatedly pointed out by previous writers with reference to closely related species. The symptoms of the disease are described. The main injuries found on leaves were necrotic areas progressing from the distal part of the limb, resulting in a great reduction of the leaf superficies.

Ocorrência de endotoquia matricida em Meloidogyne javanica (Nematoda, Heteroderidae)

In the past years, several writers described eudotokia matricida in nematodes belonging to the family Rbabditidae. In 1958, LOOF dealt with two cases he observed in Apbeltncboides fragariae and Pratylencbus coffeae , showing that such phenomenon eventually occurs in the Tylencbida, families Apbelencboididae and Tylencbidae respectively. A third case referring to another tylenchid nematode is described in this paper, the species envolved having been identified as Meloidogyne javanica, of the family Heteroderidae.

Contribuição ao conhecimento dos nematóides que causam galhas em raízes de plantas em São Paulo e estados vizinhos

Eight root-knot nematode forms are known to occur in Brazil, namely Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, M. j. javanica, M. j. bauruensis, M. inornata, M. hapla, M. arenaria arenaria and M. coffeicola. After presenting a historical resume of the root-knot disease, as well as observations on symptoms, distribution and spread, and life history of the nematodes, a study of the morphological characters used in identification of species is made, a key for separating the forms referred to above being also prepared. As no information on host plants of the coffee root-knot nematode (M. exigua) was available, a few tests were performed, as an attempt to infect several plant species. Pepper (Capsicum annuun) was the only plant attacked by M. exigua, having failed all attempts to infect nine other plants, including tomato var. Rutgers. M. exigua incited formation of galls on roots of cucumber, but no adult female was found in the tissue. In a final chapter dealing with control, a review of all methods available is presented.

Sobre um gênero e três espécies de nematóides da família Dorylaimidae

This paper deals with one genus and three species of dorylaimid nematodes found inhabiting soil in Brazil, as follows: Eudorylaimus ibiti Lordello, 1965. Closely resembling E. ibiti are E. humilis (Thorne & Swanger, 1936) Andrássy, 1959, E. diadematus (Cobb, 1936) Andrássy, 1959, and E. santosi (Meyl, 1957) Andrássy, 1959. it differs from E. humilis in the following aspects: a) longer and thicker body (1,126.0-1,520.8: 1,000 microns; a=21.0-26.0 : a= 31); b) less prominent lips; and, c) tail terminus decidedly acute; differs from E. diadematus in having: a) less prominent lips; b) posterior region of body ventrally concave; and, c) a different organization in the walls of the pre-rectum; differs from E. santosi in having: a) longer body (1,126.0-1,520.8 : 900-1,000 microns); b) spear with undiscernible aperture; c) a different organization in the guiding-ring of spear; and, d) caudal papillae closer together and located in front of the middle of the tail. Mesodorylaymus pizai Lordello, 1965. M. pizai most closely resembling species is M. mesonyctius (Kreis, 1930) Andrássy, 1959, from which it differs in having: a) lip region amalgamated, continuous with neck contour (lateral view); b) males with 11-12 supplements; and, c) females with longitudinal vulva. Metaporcelaimus Lordello, 1965. This genus differs from Aporcelaimus Thorne & Swanger, 1936, in having oesophagus made up of three regions, a cardia like structure being seen between the posterior and middle parts. Type species: M.mombucae Lordello, 1965.

Community structure of metazoan parasites of silverside, Odontesthes bonariensis (Pisces, Atherinopsidae) from Argentina

The helminth communities of silverside, Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes, 1835), from two Argentinean lagoons were studied and compared at component community and infracommunity levels. Nine helminth species were found: five digeneans (Austrodiplostomum cf. mordax, Ascocotyle (Phagicola) cf. diminuta, Ascocotyle sp., Thometrema bonariensis and Saccocoelioides sp.); two nematodes (Contracaecum sp. and Hysterothylacium sp.); one acanthocephalan (Wolffhugelia matercula) and one cestode (Cangatiella macdonaghi). Odontesthes bonariensis is a new host record for five parasite species. Richness, diversity and number of helminths in silversides from Salada Grande lagoon were higher than in those from Lacombe lagoon. This could be related with lagoon size, abundance of mollusks and fish-eating birds, and size and diet of silversides captured in each lagoon. In Salada Grande lagoon the helminth community of silversides was dominated by the allogenic and generalist species A. cf. mordax; while the autogenic and intermediate specialist species C. macdonaghi was dominant in Lacombe lagoon. Host sex did not affect richness, diversity or total abundance, whereas host size was positively correlated with these attributes, except diversity in Salada Grande lagoon.

Quatro especies nuevas de nematodos del sur del Perú y redescripción de Hedruris Orestiae Moniez, 1889

En el estudio helmintológico de anfibios del género Telmatobius Wiegmann, 1834, y del pez Orestias luteus Valenciennes, 1839, de las zonas de Arequipa, Puno y del Lago Titicaca, se han encontrado nematodes de los géneros Hedruris Nitzsch, 1821 y Falcaustra Lane, 1915. Se redescribe Hedruris orestiae Moniez, 1889 y se describen cuatro especies nuevas: Hedruris moniezi sp. n., Falcaustra condorcanquii sp. n., Falcaustra pumacahuai sp. n. y Falcaustra tiahuanaquensis sp. n.

Skrjabinoclava tupacincai Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1970 in Brazil and some other helminths from tyrannidae birds

Brief comments are made on five species of nematodes: Skrjabinoclava tupacincai Freitas, Vicente & Ibáñez, 1970, Deliria gomesae Vicente, Pinto & Noronha, 1980, Ornithofilaria pitangi Vicente, Pinto & Noronha, 1980, Diplotriaena delirae Pinto & Noronha, 1970, Thelazia sp.; three species of trematodes: Lutztrema transversum (Travassos, 1917) Travassos, 1941, Lophosicyadiplostomum nephrocystis (Lutz, 1928) Dubois, 1937, Gynaecotyla jägerskiöldi (Travassos, 1920) Yamaguti, 1939; one species of cestode: Biuterina campanulata (Rudolphi, 1819) and one species of acanthocephala: Centrorhynchus opimus Travassos, 1921, that were studied in order to provide some data concerning the examined samples.

Helminths parasites of freshwater fishes from Pirassununga, SP, Brazil

Twelve species of parasitic helminths, seven trematodes, four nematodes and one acanthocephalan are reported from various hosts. Creptotrema lynchi, a parasite from Bufo marinus in Colombia, is described for the first time in fish and from Brazil, parasitizing two different species. A list of the host species, measurements and figures of most parasites are included with particular reference to the tegument of Bellumcorpus major recovered from a new host. The genus Zonocotyloides Padilha, 1978 is considered a synonym of Zonocotyle and the new combination: Zonocotyle haroltravassosi is proposed to the species Zonocotyloides haroltravassosi Padilha, 1978. The nematodes Cucullanus pinnai and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and the trematode Pararhipidocotyle jeffersoni are reported in new hosts. The description of the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus curemais (new locality record) is supplemented. Other parasites recovered include the nematodes Travnema travnema (new locality record), Rondonia rondoni and the digenetic trematodes Cladocystis intestinalis, Pseudosellacotyla lutzi (new locality record), Teratotrema sp. and Zonocotyle bicaecata.

The histopathology of Scomber japonicus infection by Nematobothriun scombri (Trematoda: Didymozoidae) and of larval anisakid nematode infections in the liver of Pagrus pagrus

The histopathology induced by Nematobothrium scombri (Trematoda) in Scomber japonicus and of larval anisakid nematodes in Pagrus pagrus is described. Nematodes larvae occurred within the liver capsule and N. scombri occurred within nodules in the opercula. The fishes were collected off the coast of Rio de Janeiro State.

Filariopsis barretoi (travassos, 1921) (Nematoda: metastrongyloidea) lung parasite of primates from South America - taxonomy, synonyms and pathology

Nematodes and fragments of lungs from Cebus ssp., Callithrix jacchus (l.) and Saimiri sciureus (L.) were studied. The worms from Cebus and Callithrix must be called Filariopsis barretoi (Travassos, 1921). The names Filariopsis arator Chandler, 1931 and Filaroides cebi Gebauer, 1933 are synonymized to F. barretoi. The status of Filariopsis gordius (Travassos, 1921) remains uncertain. The pathology is described. The parasites are located in the pulmonary paranchyma, near the pleural surface, constituting nodules.

Helminth parasites of fishes from the hydroeletric power station of eletrosul (Brazil). I: Procamallanus petterae n. sp. and Spirocamallanus pintoi n. sp. (Nematoda, Camallanidae) from the reservoir of Salto Osório

Procamallanus petterae n. sp. from Plecostomus albopunctarus and Spirocamallanus pintoi n. sp. from Corydoras paleatus are described. procamallanus petterae n. sp. differs from all other species of the genus by having a buccal capsule without spiral bands, with five teeth-like structures on its base and four plate-like structures near the anterior margin; length ratio of oesophagus muscular/glandular 1:1.4; spicules short, 21µ m and 16µ m long and tails ending abruptly in a sharp point, in both sexes. Spirocamallanus pintoi n. sp. is characterized by having 6 to 8 spiral thickenings in the buccal capsule of male and 9 to 10 in female, occupying 2/3 of the length of the capsule; length of glandular oesophagus more than twice the muscular; spicules short, the right 94µ m and the left 82µ m long.

Neohilgertia venusti Gen. N. SP. N. (Nematoda: Oxyuridae)from Thylamys venustus cinderellus (Thomas) Reig, Kirsch & Marshall, 1985 (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) in Burruyacu, Tucuman, Argentina - Systematic position and possible evolution

Neohilgertia gen. n. proposed for Oxyuridae nematodes from Thylamys venustus cinderellus (Marsupialia: Didelphidae) is described. The hypothesis about the possibility of a secondary parasitism for marsupials and the origin of the genus in the African Sciuridae parasite ancestors is discussed.