Educación sexual: estudio comparativo entre escuelas en Brasil y en Cuba

Este artículo aborda una caracterización de las prácticas de educación sexual en instituciones educativas de Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, y de Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. En el estudio realizado rescatamos aportaciones para la comprensión de la educación sexual, específicamente a partir de presupuestos teóricos provenientes de estudios culturales, así como de estudios actuales que abordan el tema. También se presentan resultados cualitativos obtenidos a través de entrevistas realizadas a directivos/as y docentes de las escuelas estudiadas.

La crisis del diseño directivo subnacional de la educación chilena

El texto analiza el hacer de los directivos superiores subnacionales de educación en Chile, contrastando las normas que les rigen con las funciones cumplidas. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, cualitativo, sustentado en entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a quienes ejercieron el cargo de Secretario Regional Ministerial de Educación. Los antecedentes permiten comprender las brechas entre lo definido y lo realizado, y por tanto, identificar nudos críticos que requieren ser resueltos en diversos planos. A partir de estos antecedentes se formulan propuestas en el marco de una nueva organización de la educación en el plano subnacional que orienten e impulsen su rediseño, objetivo político clave en las propuestas de modernización de la gestión del Estado.

Identidad personal y subjetividad social: educación y constitución subjetiva

La constitución subjetiva en nuestra sociedad contemporánea debe ser abordada dentro de la compleja trama de relaciones intersubjetivas y desde diferentes formulaciones teóricas. La construcción del sujeto involucra la existencia de un "otro", que le da sentido a su existencia y a la constitución/adquisición de identidades sociales/colectivas. Ese proceso se aborda en términos de representaciones sociales, como expresión del sentido común, que se desarrollan en complejos procesos que involucran estabilidad de largo alcance y antinomias -themata- que definen las situaciones de tensión, inherentes y propias, del devenir del sentido común. Se considerarán cuatro procesos psicosociales: 1) La Identidad como producto intersubjetivo. 2) La Representación social como expresión de la identidad. 3) Los themata como constitutivos de la Representación social. 4) La interdependencia simbólica Yo/Otros. Se ilustrará con ejemplos de dos investigaciones, en Ciers-ed y en Universidad de Buenos Aires sobre educación

Líneas pedagógicas para una Educación Corporal

El presente artículo tiene como finalidad la creación de un plano de composición pedagógica de la Educación Corporal teniendo como marco de análisis el pensamiento de Gilles Deleuze, filosofía que tiene actualmente relevancia para las pedagogías contemporáneas que se ocupan de resignificar el lugar del cuerpo en la educación. El estudio de la filosofía de Gilles Deleuze en clave pedagógica se realiza desde el método rizomático desde el cual se reflexionan concepciones de cuerpo y educación ligados al acontecimiento, las intensidades, la potencia y la actividad creadora. Del encuentro con la filosofía deleuziana se desprenden algunas líneas pedagógicas que dan vida al pensamiento de una Educación Corporal a partir de los afectos, el devenir y la creación.

Monomer conversion of composite dental resins photoactivated by a halogen lamp and a LED: a FT-Raman spectroscopy study

Eighteen circular blocks of resins cured either by a LED or a halogen lamp (20, 40 and 60 s), had their top (T) and bottom (B) surfaces studied using a FT-Raman spectrometer. Systematic changes in the intensity of the methacrylate C=C stretching mode at 1638 cm-1 as a function of exposure duration were observed. The calculated degree of conversion (DC) ranged from 45.0% (B) to 52.0% (T) and from 49.0% (B) to 55.0% (T) for the LED and halogen lamp, respectively. LED and halogen light produced similar DC values with 40 and 60 s of irradiation.

Acompanhamento do crescimento dental em Puma concolor mantido em cativeiro

Objetivou-se neste trabalho fazer levantamento sobre a troca de dentição decídua por permanente, notadamente dos dentes caninos e a prevalência de maloclusão em pumas (Puma concolor) manejados nas instituições visitadas no Estado de São Paulo. Para os estudos utilizou-se amostra constituída de 36 pumas, provenientes de 18 instituições mantenedoras de tais espécies em cativeiro no Estado de São Paulo, sendo que três animais com idade de oito meses, irmãos de ninhada, apresentaram retenção dos dentes caninos decíduos e foram acompanha dos por 2 anos e 8 meses. Todos os animais foram examinados, observando se a oclusão estava de acordo com o normal para a espécie. Os dentes foram identificados um a um, examinados diretamente por meio de explorador odontológico. Os animais que apresentaram retenção dos dentes caninos decíduos não foram tratados, pois a maloclusões aparentemente não comprometia a preensão ou mastigação de alimentos, embora apresentassem acúmulo de alimentos ou indutos moles na região dos dentes com espaço interproximal mais reduzido.

Isolation, expansion and differentiation of cellular progenitors obtained from dental pulp of agouti (Dasyprocta prymnolopha Wagler, 1831)

Abstract: The study aimed to isolate, expand, differentiate and characterize progenitor cells existent in the dental pulp of agouti. The material was washed with PBS solution and dissociated mechanically with the aid of a scalpel blade on plates containing culture medium D-MEM/F-12, and incubated at 5% CO2-37⁰C. The growth curve, CFU assay, osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation and characterization were obtained from the isolation. The cells began to be released from the explant tissue around the 7th day of culture. By day 22 of culture, cells reached 80% confluence. At the UFC test, 81 colonies were counted with 12 days of cultivation. The growth curves before and after freezing showed a regular growth with intense proliferation and clonogenic potential. The cell differentiation showed formation of osteoblasts and fat in culture, starting at 15 days of culture in a specific medium. Flow cytometry (FACs) was as follows: CD34 (positive), CD14 (negative), CD45 (negative), CD73 (positive), CD79 (negative), CD90 (positive), CD105 (positive), demonstrating high specificity and commitment of isolated cells with mesenchymal stem cells strains. These results suggest the existence of a cell population of stem cells with mesenchymal features from the isolated tissue in the explants of agouti dental pulp, a potential model for study of stem cell strains obtained from the pulp tissue.

Distribution of biglycan and decorin in rat dental tissue

Biglycan and decorin are small leucine-rich proteoglycans that play several biological and structural roles in different tissues and organs. Several reports have indicated that biglycan participates in odontoblast and ameloblast differentiation and in the calcification process. In the present study we show that the expression of biglycan changes from within the ameloblasts and odontoblasts to the extracellular space according to the stage of animal development. In predentin and in the pulp space, however, biglycan was continually expressed throughout the period of investigation. In contrast, decorin was absent in odontoblasts and in ameloblasts and was exclusively expressed in predentin throughout the period of observation. In young rats, however, decorin was expressed in the extracellular spaces of the pulp, where it was concentrated mainly in the peripheral pulp.

Association between dental-oral health in young adults and salivary glutathione, lipid peroxidation and sialic acid levels and carbonic anhydrase activity

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between salivary oxidative stress and dental-oral health. Healthy young adults, matched for gender and age, with (N = 21, 10 men, mean age: 20.3 ± 1 years) and without (N = 16, 8 men, mean age: 21.2 ± 1.8 years) caries were included in this study. The World Health Organization (WHO) caries diagnostic criteria were used for determining the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index. The oral hygiene and gingival status were assessed using the simplified oral hygiene index and gingival index, respectively. Unstimulated salivary total protein, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation and total sialic acid levels, carbonic anhydrase activity, and salivary buffering capacity were determined by standard methods. Furthermore, salivary pH was measured with pH paper and salivary flow rate was calculated. Simplified oral hygiene index and gingival index were not significantly different between groups but DMFT scores were significant (P < 0.01). Only, GSH values were significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups (2.2 and 1.6 mg/g protein in young adults without caries and with caries, respectively). There was a significant negative correlation between DMFT and GSH (r = -0.391; P < 0.05; Pearson's correlation coefficient). Our results suggest that there is an association between caries history and salivary GSH levels.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced dental pulp cell apoptosis and the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in vitro

Lipopolysaccharide exerts many effects on many cell lines, including cytokine secretion, and cell apoptosis and necrosis. We investigated the in vitro effects of lipopolysaccharide on apoptosis of cultured human dental pulp cells and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax. Dental pulp cells showed morphologies typical of apoptosis after exposure to lipopolysaccharide. Flow cytometry showed that the rate of apoptosis of human dental pulp cells increased with increasing lipopolysaccharide concentration. Compared with controls, lipopolysaccharide promoted pulp cell apoptosis (P < 0.05) from 0.1 to 100 μg/mL but not at 0.01 μg/mL. Cell apoptosis was statistically higher after exposure to lipopolysaccharide for 3 days compared with 1 day, but no difference was observed between 3 and 5 days. Immunohistochemistry showed that expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was enhanced by lipopolysaccharide at high concentrations, but no evident expression was observed at low concentrations (0.01 and 0.1 μg/mL) or in the control groups. In conclusion, lipopolysaccharide induced dental pulp cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, but apoptosis did not increase with treatment duration. The expression of the apoptosis regulatory proteins Bax and Bcl-2 was also up-regulated in pulp cells after exposure to a high concentration of lipopolysaccharide.

Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome in three succeeding generations: genotypic data and phenotypic features

Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare X-linked disorder mainly manifesting in females. Patients show ocular, facial, cardiac, and dental abnormalities. OFCD syndrome is caused by heterozygous mutations in the BCOR gene, located in Xp11.4, encoding the BCL6 co-repressor. We report a Croatian family with four female members (grandmother, mother and monozygotic female twins) diagnosed with OFCD syndrome who carry the novel BCOR mutation c.4438C>T (p.R1480*). They present high intrafamilial phenotypic variability with special regard to cardiac defect and cataract that showed more severe disease expression in successive generations. Clinical and radiographic examination of the mother of the twins revealed a talon cusp involving the permanent maxillary right central incisor. This is the first known report of a talon cusp in OFCD syndrome with a novel mutation in the BCOR gene.

Política pública y educación indígena escolarizada en México

La educación de los alumnos indígenas, en cualesquiera de sus modalidades, todavía no tiene el status de cuestión principal en la sociedad mexicana actual, a pesar de haber ganado gran presencia en la actividad política y en los escenarios culturales. Aunque el debate político haga patente la incapacidad para conectar el desarrollo educativo con las reformas políticas y económicas, que hoy dividen profundamente a la nación mexicana, todavía no se visualizan los cambios estructurales correspondientes a un Estado que asume coherentemente su etnodiversidad. Desde el sistema educacional, las demandas sobre educación bilíngüe y multiculturalidad han resultado mucho menos influyentes que la doctrina de la modernización de la educación básica y menos interesantes que la pugna por la hegemonía de ciertos paradigmas pedagógicos en las cúpulas de las instituciones educacionales. En suma, las comunidades y escuelas indomexicanas deberán reconquistar su educación, al mismo tiempo que logran participación y capacidad de decisión frente a las instituciones gubernamentales.