Doenças infecciosas como causas de morte em idosos autopsiados

O envelhecimento populacional no Brasil está associado às alterações na morbimortalidade da população. Nesse estudo, foi verificado as causas de morte e outros processos patológicos em idosos autopsiados. Os idosos com idade maior ou igual a 60 anos, no período de 1976 a 1998 representaram 394 casos (24,4%). A mediana da idade foi 69 (60 a 120) anos, sendo maior nas mulheres (70,5 versus 68 anos; p<0,05). O sexo masculino (67,5%), a cor branca (69,8%) e as causas de morte cardiovascular (43,7%) e infecciosa (31%) prevaleceram. A subnutrição (76,2%) estava associada à pneumonite e cistite, (p<0,05). A arteriosclerose (61,9%) e as cardiopatias chagásica (42,1%) e hipertensiva (39,1%) foram os processos mais freqüentes. Portanto, foi observado sobreposição das causas de morte crônico-degenerativas e infecciosas. Isso demonstra a necessidade de valorizar medidas como o acompanhamento do índice de massa corporal e dos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças no envelhecimento, como a pneumonite.

Avaliação do sinal de dor à compressão do globo ocular nas síndromes meníngeas infecciosas

As síndromes meníngeas infecciosas se constituem em emergência médica, cujo diagnóstico clínico-epidemiológico deve ser prontamente estabelecido para início precoce da terapêutica adequada. Entretanto, em muitos casos os dados clínicos não são suficientes para se confirmar ou afastar esse diagnóstico. Por isso, o objetivo de avaliar o sinal de dor à compressão do globo ocular em 57 pacientes com suspeita de síndrome meníngea infecciosa, de ambos os sexos e com idade igual ou superior a quatro anos. A sensibilidade (34,5%), especificidade (78,6%) e valores preditivos positivo (62,5%) e negativo (53,7%) da dor à compressão do globo ocular foram semelhantes à rigidez de nuca, sendo boa (Kappa=0,65) a concordância entre os dois observadores independentes. A dor à compressão do globo ocular, em conjunto com outros achados clínicos, pode ser de grande valia no processo diagnóstico de pacientes com síndromes meníngeas infeciosas.

Platelet profile is associated with clinical complications in patients with vivax and falciparum malaria in Colombia

Introduction Thrombocytopenia is a common complication in malaria patients. The relationship between abnormal platelet profile and clinical status in malaria patients is unclear. In low and unstable endemic regions where vivax malaria predominates, the hematologic profiles of malaria patients and their clinical utility are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to characterize the thrombograms of malaria patients from Colombia, where Plasmodium vivax infection is common, and to explore the relationship between thrombograms and clinical status. Methods Eight hundred sixty-two malaria patients were enrolled, including 533 (61.8%) patients infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 311 (36.1%) patients infected with Plasmodium vivax and 18 (2.1%) patients with mixed infections. Results The most frequently observed changes were low platelet count (PC) and high platelet distribution width (PDW), which were observed in 65% of patients; thrombocytopenia with <50,000 platelets/µL was identified in 11% of patients. Patients with complications had lower PC and plateletcrit (PT) and higher PDW values. A higher risk of thrombocytopenia was identified in patients with severe anemia, neurologic complications, pulmonary complications, liver dysfunction, renal impairment and severe hypoglycemia. The presence of thrombocytopenia (<150,000 platelets/µL) was associated with a higher probability of liver dysfunction. Conclusions Young age, longer duration of illness and higher parasitemia are associated with severe thrombocytopenia. Our study showed that thrombocytopenia is related to malaria complications, especially liver dysfunction. High PDW in patients with severe malaria may explain the mechanisms of thrombocytopenia that is common in this group of patients.

Dengue in Brazil and Colombia: a study of knowledge, attitudes, and practices

Introduction This study was conducted in Brazil and Colombia,where dengue is endemic and vector control programs use chemical insecticides. Methods We identified knowledge, attitudes, and practices about dengue and determined the infestation levels of Aedes aegypti in one Brazilian and four Colombian communities. Results The surveys show knowledge of the vector, but little knowledge about diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Vector infestation indices show Brazil to have good relative control, while Colombia presents a high transmission risk. Conclusions Given the multidimensionality of dengue control, vertical control strategies are inadequate because they deny contextualized methods, alternative solutions, and local empowerment.

Cryptococcosis in Atlántico, Colombia: an approximation of the prevalence of this mycosis and the distribution of the etiological agent in the environment

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTION:Cryptococcosis is an invasive disease acquired by inhalation of infectious propagules from the environment. Currently, compulsory notification of the spread of this disease is not required in Colombia. However, reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome cases to the National Surveillance System has suggested that there is a growing population at risk of contracting cryptococcosis. Few studies have described the occurrence of cryptococcosis in Colombia. Therefore, in this study, we examined the pathology of this disease in Atlántico, Colombia and determined the distributions of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in the environment.METHODS:Clinical samples/isolates were gathered from cases of cryptococcosis previously diagnosed at health institutions in Atlántico, and surveys were completed by clinicians. The environmental study considered 32 sampling points and three tree species, i.e., Quickstick ( Gliricidia sepium ), Almond ( Terminalia catappa ), and Pink trumpet ( Tabebuia rosea ). Environmental and clinical samples/isolates were analyzed for phenotypic and genotypic confirmation.RESULTS:From 1997-2014, 41 cases of cryptococcosis were reported. The mean patient age was 40.5 years (range: 18-63 years); 76% were men, and 78% were HIV positive. Isolation was possible in 38 cases ( C. neoformans , molecular type VNI in 37 cases and C. gattii , molecular type VGI in one case). In 2012-2014, 2,068 environmental samples were analyzed with a positivity of 0.4% ( C. neoformans , molecular type VNI) in Almond and Pink trumpet trees.CONCLUSIONS:Cryptococcus neoformans , molecular type VNI had a higher prevalence than C. gattii and was associated with human exposure and the pathogenesis of cryptococcosis in this geographical region.

The cassava mite complex: III - new distribution records, mainly from Colombia and Africa. References to other plants

Uma lista de novas referências e ocorrências para ácaros tetraniquídeos da mandioca é apresentada.

Dos especies nuevas de Rhabdepyris (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) de Colombia

Rhabdepyris (Chlorepyris) humboldti sp. nov. and R. (C.) tarapachensis sp. nov. from Colombia are described and illustrated. These species are specially peculiar by having pectinate antennae, which is the first report of this character for the genus.

Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) da Colômbia: I. Eburiini (Cerambycinae)

New records added to the Colombian fauna: Susuacanga unicolor (Bates, 1870), Opades costipennis (Buquet, 1844), Eburodacrys havanensis Chevrolat, 1862, E. granipennis Gounelle, 1909, E. moruna Martins, 1997, E. nemorivaga Gounelle, 1909, E. pilicornis Fisher, 1944. New species described: Pantomallus martinezi, from Cundinamarca and Meta and Beraba inermis, from Cundinamarca.

Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) da Colômbia. V. Lamiinae com unhas tarsais divergentes

New species described from Colombia: Amphicnaeia interrupta sp. nov., from Cauca; Adetus tayronus sp. nov., from Magdalena; A. aberrans sp. nov., from Santander; Parmenonta albosticta sp. nov., from Cundinamarca; Jamesia bella sp. nov., from Cauca. New records for nine species of Colombian Lamiinae (Apomecynini, Agapanthiini, Onciderini) are given.

Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) da Colômbia. VI. Lamiinae com unhas tarsais divaricadas ou bífidas

New taxa described from Colombia: Desmiphora (D.) tristis sp. nov. from Cundinamarca; Blabia longipennis sp. nov. from Nariño; Anhanga gen. nov., type species A. diabolica sp. nov. from Valle del Cauca; Exalphus vicinus sp. nov. from Santander; Necalphus maranduba sp. nov. from Amazonas; Paradesmus gen. nov., type species, P. iuba sp. nov. from Atlántico. New combination proposed: Padesmus brunneus (Aurivillius, 1923) from Adesmus. New records for nineteen species (Acanthoderini, Acanthocinini, Aerenicini, Desmiphorini, Hemilophini, Polyrhaphidini) of Colombian fauna are given.

Una nueva especie de Gnamptogenys (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) y comentarios sobre las especies del género en Colombia y Ecuador

The species of the predatory ant genus Gnamptogenys Roger, 1863 from Colombia (42 species) and Ecuador (25 species) are diagnosed and presented, including their known geographical distribution. Gnamptogenys enodis, new species from Colombia is described. Gnamptogenys stellae Lattke, 1995 is new record for Colombia.

Causas infecciosas das anomalias congênitas

Revisão sumária das causas infecciosas das anomalias congênitas englobando as malformações, que correspondem a estruturas anormais orgânicas ou tissulares decorrentes de erros primários de morfogenese embrionaria e deformações, que se instalam no período fetal da vida intrauterina, correspondentes a alterações de forma e estrutura de órgãos primitivamente bem constituidos.

Ecology of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae)in a focus of Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis in northeastern Colombia

The phlebotomine sand fly fauna of two coffee plantations in a Leishmania-endemic area of Norte de Santander, Colombia was studied. Regular insect collections using a variety of methods were made for three and a half years. Information was obtained on diurnal resting sites, host range and seasonal abundance for 17 species, of wich five (Lutzomyia spinicrassa, Lu. serrana,Lu. shannoni, Lu. ovallesi and Lu. gomezi) were far more numerous than the others, anthropophilic and present throughout the year. The behaviour of these and the remaining 12 species is discussed in relation to their potential role in transmission of Leishmania (Viannia) brasiliensis in the area.