Comparative proteomics analysis of chronic atrophic gastritis: changes of protein expression in chronic atrophic gastritis without Helicobacter pylori infection

Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a very common gastritis and one of the major precursor lesions of gastric cancer, one of the most common cancers worldwide. The molecular mechanism underlying CAG is unclear, but its elucidation is essential for the prevention and early detection of gastric cancer and appropriate intervention. A combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry was used in the present study to analyze the differentially expressed proteins. Samples from 21 patients (9 females and 12 males; mean age: 61.8 years) were used. We identified 18 differentially expressed proteins in CAG compared with matched normal mucosa. Eight proteins were up-regulated and 10 down-regulated in CAG when compared with the same amounts of proteins in individually matched normal gastric mucosa. Two novel proteins, proteasome activator subunit 1 (PSME1), which was down-regulated in CAG, and ribosomal protein S12 (RPS12), which was up-regulated in CAG, were further investigated. Their expression was validated by Western blot and RT-PCR in 15 CAG samples matched with normal mucosa. The expression level of RPS12 was significantly higher in CAG than in matched normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). In contrast, the expression level of PSME1 in CAG was significantly lower than in matched normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.05). This study clearly demonstrated that there are some changes in protein expression between CAG and normal mucosa. In these changes, down-regulation of PSME1 and up-regulation of RPS12 could be involved in the development of CAG. Thus, the differentially expressed proteins might play important roles in CAG as functional molecules.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja tratadas com inseticidas sob efeito do armazenamento

Dentre os conceitos modernos de controle de pragas, o uso de inseticidas no tratamento de sementes constitui-se num dos métodos mais eficientes. Deve-se, entretanto, conhecer a influência desses produtos com relação à qualidade fisiológica das sementes tratadas. Objetivou-se através desta pesquisa avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja tratadas com inseticidas, sob quatro períodos de armazenamento (0, 15, 30 e 45 dias após o tratamento). O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 7, com quatro repetições, onde as sementes do cultivar M-SOY 6101 foram tratadas com os inseticidas thiamethoxam (Cruiser 700 WS), na dose de 250 mL de produto comercial (p.c.)/100 kg de sementes; fipronil (Standak), na dose de 150 mL de p.c./100 kg de sementes; imidacloprid (Gaucho FS), na dose de 150 ml de p.c./100 kg de sementes; [imidacloprid + thiodicarb] (CropStar FS), na dose de 0,3 L. ha-1; carbofuran (Furadan 350 TS), na dose de 1,5 L/100 kg de sementes; acefato (Orthene 750 BR), na dose de 1 kg/ 100 kg de sementes e uma testemunha, sem tratamento. As variáveis analisadas foram: germinação, velocidade de emergência, comprimento de raiz e de plântula e porcentagem de plântulas normais no teste de envelhecimento acelerado. A aplicação dos inseticidas carbofuran e acefato é prejudicial à qualidade fisiológica das sementes de soja cultivar M-SOY 6101, por um período de armazenamento de até 45 dias. A redução da qualidade fisiológica das sementes, condicionada pelos inseticidas avaliados, intensifica-se com o prolongamento do armazenamento das sementes tratadas, recomendando-se, portanto, que o tratamento inseticida das sementes seja realizado próximo ao momento da semeadura.