599 resultados para Alimentos - Conservação - Armazenamento
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The objective of the present study was the identification and quantification of ethyl carbamate (EC), by HPLC-FLD, after different periods of storage in an oak (Quercus sp) barrel and a glass vessel. The concentration of EC in the cachaça samples varied from
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In this article, films were produced with six types of cassava's starch mixed with gelatin and plasticized with sorbitol. These films were used in covering of grapes 'Benitaka' (Vitis vinifera L.) as biodegradable packaging. The acetylated starch film showed the best results in solubility, thickness and homogeneity, besides the less water loss the fruit, resulting in better coverage, increasing the shelf life fruits in 12 days. These results demonstrate the great potential of using films in food conservation, adding value to agricultural activity and helping to reduce non-biodegradable plastics in the environment.
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This paper presents a practical and rapid method which was validated for simultaneous quantification and confirmation of 29 pesticides in fruits and vegetables using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted following the method known as QuEChERS. Using the developed chromatographic conditions, the pesticides can be separated in less than 9 min. Two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assays were used for each pesticide. Four representative matrices (lettuce, tomato, apple and grapes) were selected to investigate the effect in recoveries and precision. Typical recoveries ranged from 70-120%, with relative standard deviation (RSDs) lower than 20%.
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The analysis of fatty acid (FA) esters by gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (FID) normally uses the normalization method. However, if one FA is wrongly estimated, the results could be greatly affected. In this study, methodologies using internal standards and correction factors for the FID response are described. The results show that by using theoretical correction factors associated to the internal standardization, the quantitative analyses of the FAs are expressed in mass, increasing the accuracy and facilitating the interpretation and comparison of the results for foods and biodiesels.
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This is an overview of LC-MS techniques applied for macrolide determination in food, including sample preparation and method validation, as well as the policies adopted by international agencies regarding their presence in food. Techniques for the analysis of macrolides in food normally include solid phase or liquid-liquid extraction followed by HPLC. UHPLC presents advantages in running time, detectability and solvent consumption. Triple-quadrupoles are the most common analyzers in instruments used for the determination of contaminants in food, but time-of-flight and ion-trap spectrometers have been successfully applied for analyses focusing on the investigation of structural formula or the presence of degradation products.
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The determination of veterinary drug residues in foods of animal origin is an important issue because of the risk these compounds pose to human health in addition to their persistence and tendency to bioaccumulate. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the area and this review presents the state of the art in sample preparation procedures associated with chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry for multiresidue determination of veterinary drugs in food of animal origin at concentration levels suitable for the control of residues and contaminants in food.
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Rising anthropogenic CO2 emissions are considered a major contributor to the greenhouse effect. There are several options for reducing atmospheric CO2 levels, and among these alternatives, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) has been identified as an effective and promising approach. This work investigated the feasibility of using serpentinite as a vehicle for carbon storage presenting a source-sink match. The main results of the work confirmed that serpentinite is appropriate for the carbonation process due to the high concentration of Mg in its composition.
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This study evaluated the level of the metals Pb mg kg-1 and Cd mg kg-1 found in plant species and the contribution of the levels detected in contaminated soils located in the urban area of the city of Santo Amaro, Bahia. Levels were determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The results showed the presence of Pb and Cd in plant species at levels ranging from 0.18 to 118.2 mg kg-1 and 0.04 to 7.29 mg kg-1, respectively. The concentration values obtained varied according to the plant species and were not strongly influenced by the concentration values detected in the soil.
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Chloropropanols are a well-known group of food processing contaminants. They are formed through the reaction between lipids and chlorides when submitted to thermal treatment, and can be found in free and bound form. Although free chloropropanols were identified around 30 years ago, the occurrence of bound forms, especially 3-MCPD, and glycidyl fatty acid esters, has only recently been reported in several food products. Dietary exposure to these ester-bound compounds has been considered a priority food safety issue since free forms can be potentially released through the action of gut lipases, representing a major toxicological concern.
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Knowing the mercury levels of an environment allows a diverse array of biogeochemical studies into the mercury cycle on a local or global scale. Among matrices commonly evaluated, water remains a challenge for research because its mercury levels can be very low, requiring development of complex analytical protocols. Currently, sample preservation methods, protocols that avoid contamination, and analytical techniques with low detection limits allow analysis of mercury in pristine waters. However, different protocols suggest different methods depending on a range of factors such as the characteristics of water sampled and storage time. In remote areas, such as oceanic and Amazonian regions, sample preservation and transport to a laboratory can be difficult, requiring processing of the water during the sampling expedition and the establishment of a field laboratory. Brazilian research on mercury in water can be limited due to difficulty obtaining reagents, lack of laboratory structure, qualified personnel, and financial support. Considering this complexity for analyzing water, we reviewed methodologies for sampling, preservation, and storage of water samples for analysis of the most commonly evaluated mercury species (dissolved gaseous mercury, reactive mercury, methylmercury and total mercury).
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Microemulsions (MEs) are thermodynamically stable systems consisting of nanosized droplets dispersed in a solvent continuous medium (known as pseudo-phase), which is immiscible with the dispersed phase. These systems consist of water, a hydrophobic solvent called "oil," an amphiphile and often, a co-surfactant that is normally a medium chain alcohol. A large number of publications describe the importance of MEs in many branches of chemistry, and there is an intensive search for new applications. In addition, MEs have been applied in many areas, including oil extraction, removal of environmental pollutants from soils and effluents, dissolution of additives in lubricants and cutting oils, cleaning processes, dyeing and textile finishing, as nanoreactors to obtain nanoparticles of metals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetic and photographic materials, and latex. However, only some studies indicate the potential applications of MEs in food and even fewer evaluate their chemical behavior. Potential applications of MEs in food comprise dissolution of lipophilic additives, stabilization of nutrients and biologically active compounds, using as an antimicrobial agent and to maximize the efficiency of food preservatives. This work consists of a literature review focusing on composition and physical and chemical characteristics of microemulsions. Despite the small number of studies on the subject reported in the literature, we demonstrate some potential applications of MEs in food chemistry.
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Dentre os fungos transportados pelas sementes de milho (Zea mays), Fusarium moniliforme se destaca pela freqüência e altas porcentagens com que ocorre, sendo considerado um dos principais responsáveis pelas podridões de sementes e reduções do estande. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o efeito do armazenamento de sementes de milho durante 12 meses, em câmara fria (14 °C e 40% UR) e ambiente não controlado (sem monitoramento da temperatura e umidade relativa), sobre a sobrevivência de F. moniliforme. Verificou-se que nas sementes conservadas em câmara fria, o tempo de armazenamento teve menor efeito sobre a sobrevivência do fungo, em comparação ao ambiente não controlado. Em alguns lotes, com incidências iniciais do fungo de 28, 34 e 59%, em condição ambiente, a sobrevivência foi bastante baixa, encontrando-se ao final de 12 meses, incidências de 2, 4 e 5%, respectivamente; em câmara fria, as incidências de F. moniliforme encontradas nos mesmos lotes foram 25, 30 e 58%. A análise de regressão indicou efeito linear do tempo de armazenamento sobre a sobrevivência do fungo, em todos os lotes avaliados, obtendo-se coeficientes de determinação acima de 0,90, quando as sementes foram mantidas em condição ambiente.
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O estabelecimento de bancos de sementes para conservação ex situ de germoplasma vegetal é largamente utilizado, mas a contaminação das mesmas por fitopatógenos pode comprometer sua integridade. Este trabalho teve por objetivo monitorar a sobrevivência de Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, em um lote de sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) cv. Roxão)submetido a três condições de temperatura, durante 60 meses de armazenamento: -18 e 5 ºC, condições preconizadas para a conservação de material genético vegetal a longo e médio prazo, respectivamente, e à temperatura ambiente (20-30 ºC). A sobrevivência da bactéria foi avaliada pela percentagem de sementes contaminadas e a viabilidade pela manutenção da patogenicidade dos isolados. A população de X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli nas sementes foi quantificada ao final de cinco anos de armazenamento. Os resultados mostraram que a percentagem de sementes contaminadas decresceu de 64 para 36-37% nos primeiros seis meses, para os três tratamentos. A partir de 30 meses observou-se que as sementes conservadas a -18 e 5 ºC apresentaram níveis de contaminação (58 e 72%) que diferiram significativamente das conservadas à temperatura ambiente (20%), e aos 60 meses taxas de 46%, 46% e 8%, respectivamente. A temperatura mais propícia à sobrevivência da bactéria foi 5 ºC em que se encontrou uma população máxima de 1,2 x 10(8) ufc/semente. Constatou-se, igualmente, a manutenção do poder infetivo dos isolados durante todo o armazenamento. Pode-se concluir que as condições ótimas para a conservação de sementes são as mesmas para a manutenção da longevidade de X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli.
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O nematóide reniforme (Rotylenchulus spp.) sobrevive à dissecação melhor que a maioria das espécies de fitonematóides, havendo relato de sobrevivência de R. reniformis após 29 meses na ausência da hospedeira. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a sobrevivência de R. reniformis na ausência de hospedeira em solo naturalmente infestado, submetendo-o a diferentes períodos de armazenamento em laboratório. Aos 45, 90, 135 e 180 dias após o armazenamento, cinco amostras foram acondicionadas em vasos, onde foram plantados meloeiros (Cucumis melo) cv. Amarelo Ouro que foram mantidos em casa de vegetação por 80 dias. Foram avaliados os números totais de juvenis, machos e fêmeas imaturas no solo, fêmeas adultas na raiz e total de nematóides (solo+raiz) por unidade experimental. Testaram-se, em seguida, modelos lineares, logarítmicos e quadráticos para descrever o comportamento de cada variável em função do tempo de armazenamento. Os modelos quadráticos descreveram melhor a variação ocorrida, exceto para o número de fêmeas na raiz. As populações tenderam a decrescer após 90 dias de armazenamento, no entanto, após 180 dias de armazenamento e subseqüente cultivo do meloeiro no solo armazenado, a população no momento da colheita era equivalente a 83,41% da população de nematóides presentes no solo quando da coleta no campo.
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Este trabalho discute o conceito heideggeriano de mundo a partir das noções de espaço e discurso, tais como elas aparecem em Ser e tempo. Pretendemos assim pensar o mundo como espaço discursivo e como discurso espacial. Isto permitirá entender por que, como Heidegger diz em A origem da obra de arte, "a ruína de um mundo é irreversível". Pensar o mundo como discurso pode também esclarecer a definição grega do homem como animal político e discursivo, assim como o conceito wittgensteiniano de jogos de linguagem.