"Trabalho", "mudança de vida" e "prosperidade" entre fiéis da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus

Nos anos 90, com a implementação do "mercado livre" pelo governo Collor, noções como "produtividade" e "resultados" ganham centralidade na vida econômica brasileira. Nessa mesma época, é notório, nas classes trabalhadoras, o aumento do número de fiéis da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, defensora da "Teologia da Prosperidade". Entendo que o expressivo crescimento da conversão dos pobres brasileiros ao neopentecostalismo que autoriza o direito dos indivíduos a uma existência terrena de "prosperidade" incentivando seus fiéis ao trabalho empreendedor, justamente na década de 1990, e o fenômeno do elogio ao "sucesso" que despontou no horizonte da "economia de mercado" estão intimamente relacionados. A partir de etnografia em uma congregação carioca da IURD reflito sobre a imbricação dos dois processos.

Do trabalho missionário para se salvar uma nação: um estudo dos sucessos missionários

Se em seu artigo Calávia afirma que fracassos missionários precisam ser qualificados (Saez 1999), o mesmo ocorre, quando se trata de seus sucessos. Analiso, neste artigo, o trabalho de catequese e civilização realizado pelos missionários da Missão de São Francisco, entre os índios Munduruku. Para tal, tomo o discurso missionário em sua positividade, a fim de investigar as categorias franciscanas utilizadas para descrever seu trabalho, marcado não pela inconstância selvagem frente ao aparelho missionário, mas sim por uma adesão que, para os missionários, marcava o sucesso da relação construída com a população indígena. Neste sentido, retomo a proposta de Calávia a fim de entender a civilização menos como um evento histórico, e mais como uma categoria variável nas mãos das agências missionárias.

Associação entre trabalho, renda e qualidade de vida de receptores de transplante renal no município de Teresina, PI, Brasil

Introdução: Avaliar qualidade de vida de receptores de transplante renal tem sido uma maneira de determinar o impacto do transplante no cuidado de saúde e no tratamento subsequente de caráter crônico. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre renda, trabalho e qualidade de vida de pessoas submetidas a transplante renal. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 147 pessoas, com média de 74,3 meses de realização do transplante. Na coleta de dados, foram utilizados: instrumento de avaliação socioeconômica e o questionário Medical Outcome Study 36 - Item Short - Form Health Survey, validado no Brasil. Realizou-se análise bivariada por meio do teste U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados: A média da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde para o componente físico foi 63,8 (DP = 29,4), e para o componente mental, 65,6 (DP = 29,2). A análise bivariada mostrou que o exercício da atividade laboral e renda familiar superior a três salários mínimos associaram-se significativamente com uma melhor qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A atividade laboral é significativa para os receptores de transplante renal, e atenção especial deve ser dada pela equipe multiprofissional na busca de estratégias que favoreçam e incentivem sua manutenção e reinserção no mercado de trabalho.

Informalidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma resenha da literatura

The economic literature relative to Brazilian labor market informality is very disperse and presents a significant lack of organization. In that sense, the purpose of this paper is to organize and discuss on a systematic way the main pieces of literature concerning informality in the Brazilian labor market using, whenever it is possible, the international literature as a comparison point for the existing results relative to Brazil's experience. More specifically, questions related to wage differentials between formal and informal workers, labor market segmentation and the effect of institutions on the informal sector are emphasized.

Produtividade do trabalho e mudança estrutural nas indústrias brasileiras extrativa e de transformação, 1970-2001

Using an indicator of labor productivity, this paper aims to assess the contribution of structural changes in the Brazilian manufacturing and mining industries to productivity growth, during the 1970-2001 period. The conclusion is that: (i) there is no evidence to sustain that the Brazilian industry has definitely reversed the productivity growth rates slowdown trend; (ii) there is no clear evidence of a positive influence of the structural bonus; and (iii) job creation seems to be concentrated in low productivity growth sectors.

Trabalho infantil e o status ocupacional dos pais

Child labor and the parents' status of employment. The objective of this paper is to verify the hypothesis of the effect of the status of employment of the head of the family on the occurrence of child labor, as well as to analyze other characteristics which can influence such behavior. A probit model was used to realize the statistical tests. The results ratify the hypothesis proposed that the families whose head works as an independent worker show higher probability for the occurrence of child labor than those whose head works as a formal salaried worker. Among other results, it must be highlighted, making simulations, that increasing parents' schooling is more efficient than augmenting income to reduce the use of child labor. These results endorse the proposition that the status of employment should be used, complementing the criteria of income per capita, to select families in the cash transfers programmes or others to eradicate child labor.

Desempenho recente do mercado de trabalho brasileiro: 1992-2005

Recent behavior of the Brazilian labor market: 1992-2005. This study aims at describing the behavior of the Brazilian labor market between 1992 and 2005. This period comprises significant changes in the economic scenario, in the midst of the process of opening the economy to adjust to the prevailing international economic order. In the one hand, the paper focuses on the time evolution of the main labor market indicators, trying to identify trends and stylized facts. On the other, it emphasizes aspects related to spatial patterns, particularly in terms of the metropolitan versus non-metropolitan behavior.

Fluxo de empregos, fluxo de trabalhadores e fluxo de postos de trabalho no Brasil

Job flows, workers flows and employment flows in Brazil. The labor market is in constant flux. When measuring labor market mobility, it is usual to estimate labor market flow statistics, such as worker reallocation and job reallocation. The goal of this paper is to present previously unknown within plant job reallocation statistics for Brazil. The within plant job reallocation is measured as changes in the occupational mix of the plant. The within plant job reallocation allows a decomposition of worker turnover decomposition into matching, technological change and labor demand factors. Using formal labor market data for Brazil, from 1996 to 2001, our results suggest that technological change accounted for a limited share of worker turnover. More than a quarter of worker turnover can be attributed to labor demand shifts and more than 50% of worker turnover is due to matching.

A relação capital-trabalho na economia do conhecimento

Capital-labor relations in the knowledge economy. The knowledge economy arises by the promotion of abstract and cooperative labor. This social labor is a product of intellectual and linguistic energy, which leads to mutations about capital accumulation and capital labor relations.

Para medir as desigualdades raciais no mercado de trabalho

Measuring racial inequalities in the labor market. How much racial inequality is there in Brazilian labor market? What has been the impact of the latest transformations in work relations on it? Can we compare the Brazilian situation to other countries? These questions don't have today an objective answer. This is due, mostly, to the absence of measures which could allow us to make long term and regional comparisons of different racial inequalities situations. Our proposal is to provide new indicators to evaluate racial inequalities in both the occupational and income structure in Brazil. Our results show that whites/non-whites gaps widened since the 1980s. They allow us to affirm, in addition, that racial inequalities are today worst in Brazil than in countries that adopted affirmative action laws to fight discrimination.

Mudança estrutural e mercado de trabalho no Brasil

Structural changes and labor market in Brazil. In the present article, we attempt to identify the sources of the changes in the labor schooling level in the three main sectors of the Brazilian economy: manufacturing, services and agriculture. It was verified that, despite the changes in the product and employment among sectors, mainly in the 1990s, the relative demands for qualified workers has not experimented significant changes. Moreover, in the periods in which schooling has increased more, the workers' wage has decreased more. This fact suggests that the increase in labor qualification was mainly due to the increase of this factor supply. The structural changes had contributed, in general, in a marginal and negative way to labor force level of qualification demand in all the three sectors.

Valores-trabalho, preços de reprodução e renda da terra

Labor values, reproduction prices and land rent. The paper analyses the determination of labor values and reproduction prices, including economic systems with joint production and systems with intensive land rent. The discussion is based on very simple numeric examples, avoiding that the mathematical complications hinder the comprehension of basic questions of Marxist economic theory.