"Trabalho", "mudança de vida" e "prosperidade" entre fiéis da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus

Nos anos 90, com a implementação do "mercado livre" pelo governo Collor, noções como "produtividade" e "resultados" ganham centralidade na vida econômica brasileira. Nessa mesma época, é notório, nas classes trabalhadoras, o aumento do número de fiéis da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus, defensora da "Teologia da Prosperidade". Entendo que o expressivo crescimento da conversão dos pobres brasileiros ao neopentecostalismo que autoriza o direito dos indivíduos a uma existência terrena de "prosperidade" incentivando seus fiéis ao trabalho empreendedor, justamente na década de 1990, e o fenômeno do elogio ao "sucesso" que despontou no horizonte da "economia de mercado" estão intimamente relacionados. A partir de etnografia em uma congregação carioca da IURD reflito sobre a imbricação dos dois processos.

Religião, mídia e produção fonográfica: o Diante do Trono e as disputas com a Igreja Universal

Este artigo apresenta notas sobre a relação entre religião, mídia e produção fonográfica através da exposição de dados sobre o Diante do Trono (DT), a Igreja Universal (IURD) e uma controvérsia que envolve ambos. A narrativa mostra o sucesso do DT e recupera parte da trajetória da IURD a fim de compreender as acusações feitas por Edir Macedo contra a cantora da banda. Destaca-se a disputa de dois conglomerados empresariais: de um lado o da IURD, com a TV Record buscando audiência e a Line Records tentando se manter no mercado gospel; de outro, o das Organizações Globo, que vem se aproximando dos evangélicos através da música e conta com a Som Livre como distribuidora dos trabalhos do DT desde 2009.

Mídia e performances de gênero na Igreja Universal: O desafio Godllywood

Este artigo tem por finalidade mapear e descrever algumas práticas relacionadas à produção de uma performatividade do feminino mimetizada em formas de falar, de se apreender e de experienciar os corpos a partir da circulação de imagens na internet, em páginas da Igreja Universal do Reino de Deus (IURD) voltadas para o público feminino. Meu objetivo ao recuperar essa interação é pensar o papel que a mídia, de modo geral, e as tecnologias da internet, de modo particular, têm na formação de tais performatividades, ora por meio de linguagem de gendramento dos gêneros, ora mediante tecnologias de poder que conformam a sujeição e a subjetivação dos sujeitos.

Monitoring human cytomegalovirus viral load in peripheral blood leukocytes of renal transplant recipients by a simple limiting dilution-PCR assay

To assess the clinical relevance of a semi-quantitative measurement of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in renal transplant recipients within the typical clinical context of a developing country where virtually 100% of both receptors and donors are seropositive for this virus, we have undertaken HCMV DNA quantification using a simple, semi-quantitative, limiting dilution polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We evaluated this assay prospectively in 52 renal transplant patients from whom a total of 495 serial blood samples were collected. The samples scored HCMV positive by qualitative PCR had the levels of HCMV DNA determined by end-point dilution-PCR. All patients were HCMV DNA positive during the monitoring period and a diagnosis of symptomatic infection was made for 4 of 52 patients. In symptomatic patients the geometric mean of the highest level of HCMV DNAemia was 152,000 copies per 106 leukocytes, while for the asymptomatic group this value was 12,050. Symptomatic patients showed high, protracted HCMV DNA levels, whereas asymptomatic patients demonstrated intermittent low or moderate levels. Using a cut-off value of 100,000 copies per 106 leukocytes, the limiting dilution assay had sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 92%, a positive predictive value of 43% and a negative predictive value of 100% for HCMV disease. In this patient group, there was universal HCMV infection but relatively infrequent symptomatic HCMV disease. The two patient groups were readily distinguished by monitoring with the limiting dilution assay, an extremely simple technology immediately applicable in any clinical laboratory with PCR capability.

Sleep patterns and sleep-related complaints of Brazilian interstate bus drivers

Sleep-related complaints have become a highlight for physicians as well as public health administrators. Studies of sleep patterns and sleep-related complaints of shift workers have been useful in minimizing reduction in the quality of life due to the warping of the sleep-wake cycle. The objective of the present study was to assess patterns of sleep, sleep-related complaints as well as physical activity and scoring rates for depression and anxiety in interstate bus drivers. Data were obtained with a sleep questionnaire, with the Beck inventory for depression, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). A total of 400 interstate bus drivers from the northern, southern, central-western and south-eastern regions of Brazil were interviewed. Sixty percent of the subjects interviewed presented at least one sleep-related complaint, 16% admitted to have dozed at the wheel while on duty, and 41% stated that they exercised on a regular basis. Other sleep disturbance complaints reported were: sleep latency 29'17"; physical fatigue, 59.8%; mental fatigue, 45.4%; sleepiness, 25.8%; irritability, 20.6%; insomnia, 37.5%, respiratory disturbances, 19.25% and snoring, 20.75%. Scores for anxiety and depression were not in the pathological range. The present data reinforce the view that bus drivers are generally discontent with shift work and its effects on sleep. Consequently, it is very important to establish an appropriate work schedule for drivers, besides implementing photo-therapy and physical activities in order to minimize sleepiness when driving.

Comparison of Pavlovian serial conditional discrimination in rats and hamsters in the same experimental situation

The present study compares behavioral changes between two distinct rodent groups, hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) and Wistar rats, when submitted in the same homogeneous experimental situations to a serial conditional discrimination procedure which involves water deprivation and the processing of temporal variables. Both hamsters and rats acquired serial positive conditional discrimination as indicated by higher frequencies of magazine-oriented behavior during the tone followed by reinforcement (T+) and preceded by the feature stimulus light (L) and during the empty interval, than during the tone alone not followed by reinforcement (T-). Rats' frequencies of magazine-oriented behavior were high during T+ and T-, initially during training, and decreased during T- as the training progressed. However, the hamsters' frequencies of magazine-oriented behavior started very low and increased only during T+ as the training progressed. Comparison of the frequencies of magazine-oriented behavior during the empty interval in relation to the frequencies during the preceding L period showed that rats' frequencies remained very high and hamsters' frequencies increased during training. These results suggest that rats and hamsters have different behavioral strategies for the acquisition of a conditional discrimination. The results of the comparisons made in these experiments support the view of the importance of an ecological psychology approach to the understanding of complex learning in animals.

Serial blood pressure measurements

The objective of the present investigation was to study the effects of a 60-s interval of venous congestion between two noninvasive measurements of arterial blood pressure (ABP) on the fluctuation of ABP, assessed by the standard deviation of the differences between two readings. ABP was measured in 345 successive patients, at rest, four times each. For 269 participants, one pair of readings was obtained with a 60-s interval and the other pair without an interval. For 76 patients, the first pair was read at the same interval, and the second pair had venous congestion interposed and there was no waiting interval. There was no increased ABP oscillation, either when there was no interval between ABP readings, or when venous congestion was interposed compared to pairs of ABP measurements performed with a 60-s interval. There was no increase in ABP oscillations when successive ABP readings were taken without an interval or even with venous congestion interposed. Contrary to the present belief, there seems to be no loss of reliability when blood pressure recordings are taken immediately one after another, in the clinical setting.

Operant serial feature-positive conditional discrimination with composite features and different topography responses

In a serial feature-positive conditional discrimination procedure the properties of a target stimulus A are defined by the presence or not of a feature stimulus X preceding it. In the present experiment, composite features preceded targets associated with two different topography operant responses (right and left bar pressing); matching and non-matching-to-sample arrangements were also used. Five water-deprived Wistar rats were trained in 6 different trials: X-R®Ar and X-L®Al, in which X and A were same modality visual stimuli and the reinforcement was contingent to pressing either the right (r) or left (l) bar that had the light on during the feature (matching-to-sample); Y-R®Bl and Y-L®Br, in which Y and B were same modality auditory stimuli and the reinforcement was contingent to pressing the bar that had the light off during the feature (non-matching-to-sample); A- and B- alone. After 100 training sessions, the animals were submitted to transfer tests with the targets used plus a new one (auditory click). Average percentages of stimuli with a response were measured. Acquisition occurred completely only for Y-L®Br+; however, complex associations were established along training. Transfer was not complete during the tests since concurrent effects of extinction and response generalization also occurred. Results suggest the use of both simple conditioning and configurational strategies, favoring the most recent theories of conditional discrimination learning. The implications of the use of complex arrangements for discussing these theories are considered.

Julgar sem preceptivas, julgar pelo universal: glosas modernistas a Kant

Este artigo busca pensar os juízos estéticos da Terceira crítica de Kant, em relação aos discursos sobre a arte moderna. Propomos, de maneira didática, relacionar tais juízos kantianos à utopia da modernidade e às suas consequências (e críticas) contemporâneas. Não tencionamos, porém, fazer uma análise pormenorizada do pensamento de Kant, propriamente, mas expor as várias glosas que este recebeu, ao inaugurar um outro espaço para a Estética, principalmente no que se refere à arena comunitária na qual se agenciam os juízos e que torna possível uma arte ao mesmo tempo universal e sem regras fixas. Mais do que pensar a arte como "livre jogo", ou como "bela" e como "finalidade sem fim", pontos nodais da crítica de Kant, sem dúvida, interessa-nos investigar a perspectiva autorreflexiva que os juízos estéticos permitem. A interpretação do objeto-arte moderno não seria, em última instância, o exercício comunitário de um juízo?

Por uma antropologia de alcance universal

Partindo do pressuposto de que a antropologia e a educação tomam o homem como base comun de reflexão, o texto propõe uma discussão sobre as possíveis diferenças entre as abordagens desses campos do conhecimento, considerando a escolha do lugar teórico a partir do qual uma propósta investigativa é conduzida como o aspecto decisivo da questão. A discussão é estruturada a partir de uma crítica ao discurso pós-moderno que adere ao relativismo - historicamente associado ao sucesso público da antropologia no estudo da diversidade -, e se espraia por todas as ciências humanas no embalo do que se convencionou chamar de "crise de paradigmas", Argumenta-se que sem abrir da característica que dirige o trabalho dos antropólogos, qual seja, o profundo conhecimento de objetos singulares, não se pode furtar ao compromisso científico de inseri-los num contexto mais amplo de compreensão, numa perspectiva passível de encontrar ressonância entre outros pesquisadores sociais. A articulação dos valores universais e das especificidades culturais enquanto dimensões de uma mesma realidade, além de ser uma exigência teórica, impõe-se praticamente na medida em que a democracia passa a ser desafiada pelo movimento global da pobreza, exclusão social e surgimento de particularismos absolutos.