Efeitos do fumo ambiental no trato respiratório inferior de crianças com até 5 anos de idade

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a associação do fumo passivo com morbidade respiratória em crianças abaixo de 5 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal incluindo 1.104 crianças abaixo de 5 anos de idade residentes na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. Por meio de um questionário com os pais das crianças, foram obtidas informações sobre sintomas e doenças respiratórias, história familiar de morbidade respiratória, presença de fumantes nas casas e condições de moradia. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 546 meninas e 558 meninos. Das 611 crianças fumantes passivas, 82% tinham problemas respiratórios ("odds ratio" = 1,64; IC 95%:1,21-2,20). As queixas respiratórias mais freqüentes foram: chiado no peito ("odds ratio" =1,66; IC 95%: 1,21-2,27), dispnéia ("odds ratio"=1,91; IC 95%:1,36-2,67), tosse e/ou expectoração("odds ratio" =1,58; IC 95%: 1,13-2,84). A chance de apresentar asma, bronquite ou pneumonia foi maior para as crianças fumantes passivas ("odds ratio" =1,60; IC 95%: 1.11-2.31). CONCLUSÕES: Os principais fatores de risco com chance de predizer morbidade respiratória em crianças com idade de 0 a 5 anos foram: crianças que conviviam com mães fumantes, pais fumantes, presença de mofo em casa, historia familiar de asma ou rinite.

Mediastinal and pulmonary entomophthoromycosis with superior vena cava syndrome: case report

The first case of mediastinal and pulmonary entomophthoromycosis with supe rior vena cava syndrome is reported. The patient presented with a history of edema of the face, neck and upper limbs as well as collateral circulation in the anterior wall of the chest. Histological examination of tissue from mediastinum revealed a granulomatous reaction with microabscesses surrounded by eosinophilic amorphous material and with broad hyphae in the center. Culture was not performed because a preliminary diagnosis of nonHodgkin's malignant lymphoma was made. Surgical correction of the obstructed area was performed and the patient was sucessfully treated with potassium iodide. The authors propose that mediastinal entomoph thoromycosis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases causing superior vena cava syndrome in tropical and sub-tropical regions. This case enlarges the spectrum of clinical manifestations of the zigomycosis caused by Entomoph-thoraceae.

SUBCUTANEOUS PHEOHYPHOMYCOSIS CAUSED BY Phoma cava: REPORT OF A CASE AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

We report a case of subcutaneous pheohyphomycosis observed in a male patient presenting pulmonary sarcoidosis and submitted to corticosteroid treatment. He presented nodular erythematous-violaceous skin lesions in the dorsum of the right hand. Histopathological examination of the biopsied lesion revealed dematiaceous hyphae and yeast-like cells, with a granulomatous tissual reaction. The isolated fungus was identified as Phoma cava. A review of the literature on fungal infection caused by different Phoma species, is presented. The patient healed after therapy with amphotericin B, followed by itraconazole

Treatment by splenectomy of a portal vein aneurysm in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

Portal vein aneurysm is a rare medical entity that can be caused by chronic hepatic diseases with portal hypertension. We describe a 45-year-old man with variceal bleeding from hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and an incidentally found intrahepatic aneurysm. Diagnosis was confirmed with non-invasive imaging exams, arteriography and liver biopsy. Following splenectomy, the aneurysm diameter decreased substantially.

Comparação do parasitismo da veia central da supra-renal com o de outros tecidos em chagásicos crônicos

Através da análise morfológica e morfométrica de cortes seriados foi estudada a ocorrência de ninhos de T. cruzi na veia central e no parênquima das supra-renais, no miocárdio ventricular esquerdo e na veia cava inferior de chagásicos crônicos. Em 36 casos estudados, 50% apresentavamfleboparasitismo supra-renálico (total 29 ninhos); 3,1% apresentavamparasitismo na veia cava (apenas 1 ninho) e em 16,8% dos casos encontramos miocardiócitos parasitados (total 23 ninhos). A densidade de parasitismo, expressa em número de ninhos por 100mm² de tecido examinado, foi de 0,585 para a veia supra-renálica, de 0,001 para a veia cava e 0,01 para o miocárdio. Em 269.103,1mm² deparênquima supra-renálico não encontramos nenhum ninho. Embora tenha sido a menor área examinada, a veia central apresentou a maior freqüência de ninhos de T. cruzi. Como a diferença básica entre estes tecidos está na riqueza de corticóides no sangue que nutre a veia central, podemos admitir que esta prevalência talvez seja devido ao ambiente hormonal, que por seu efeito imunossupressoreanti-inflamatório favoreceria a sobrevida dos parasitas.

Infecções do trato respiratório inferior pelo vírus sincicial respiratório em crianças hospitalizadas menores de um ano de idade

Analisou-se características clínicas e evolutivas em crianças menores de um ano internadas com infecção do trato respiratório inferior por vírus sincicial respiratório (VSR). Feito estudo transversal com 89 lactentes hospitalizados durante as épocas de maior incidência do VSR, em 1997 e 1998, na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foram pesquisados antígenos virais, nas secreções de nasofaringe, com anticorpos monoclonais anti-VSR, antiinfluenza A e B e antiparainfluenza tipo 3, por ensaio de imunofluorescência indireta. Formaram-se três grupos: bronquiolite ou bronquite sibilante (n=44), pneumonia (n=26) e bronquiolite e pneumonia (n=19). Houve positividade para o VSR em 42 (47,1%) pacientes. Em 1997 a média de dias de oxigenoterapia foi de 5,2 e em 1998, de 2,5 dias (p> 0,05). Não houve diferença de apresentação clínica entre os lactentes que apresentaram positividade para o VSR e aqueles cujo resultado foi negativo. A sensibilidade e especificidade da sibilância em relação ao isolamento de VSR foram 85% e 65%, respectivamente. O VSR foi o principal causador de infeções do trato respiratório inferior em lactentes que necessitaram de hospitalização.

Unusual abdominal tumors with intracardiac extension. Two cases with successful surgical resection

Abdominal tumors that can grow through vascular lumen and spread to the right heart are rare. Although these tumors have different histologic aspects, they may cause similar abdominal and cardiac symptoms and are a serious risk factor for pulmonary embolism and sudden death when they reach the right atrium and tricuspid valve. The best treatment is radical surgical resection of the entire tumor using cardiopulmonary bypass with or without deep hypothermia and total circulatory arrest. We report the cases of two patients, the first with leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava and the other with intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus that showed intravascular growth up to right atrium and ventricle, who underwent successful radical resection in a one-stage procedure with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. We discuss the clinical and histologic aspects and imaging diagnosis and review the literature.

The importance of the ligation of the inferior thyroid artery in parathyroid function after subtotal thyroidectomy

We prospectively studied the effects of the ligation of the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) on postoperative hypoparathyroidism in 48 patients who underwent functional subtotal thyroidectomy. Patients were randomized into two groups: A, with bilateral ligation of the ITA and B, without ligation of the ITA. Parathyroid function was checked preoperatively and after surgery by clinical examination and measurement of total calcium, intact PTH, urinary calcium, and AMPc. RESULTS: A significant incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia occurred: 17% in group A and 13% in B on the 4th postoperative day. Six months later, the incidence was 5% in Group A and 0% in Group B. These differences were not statistically significant between the two groups, and neither were any of the other clinical and laboratory observations. CONCLUSION: The ligation of the ITA was not an important causal factor for the occurrence of postoperative hypocalcemia after subtotal thyroidectomy.

Relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery: a study in corpses

The anatomical relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) was studied in 76 embalmed corpses, 8 females and 68 males. In both sexes, the RLN lay more frequently between branches of the ITA.; it was found in this position in 47.3% of male corpses and 42.8% of female ones. On the right, RLN was found between branches of the ITA in 49.3% of the cases, anterior to it in 38.04%, and posterior in 11.26%. On the left, the RLN lay between branches of the ITA in 44.45%, posterior to the ITA in 37.05%, and anterior to it in 18.05% of the cases. In 62.68% of the cases, the relationship found on one side did not occur again on the opposite side. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the distribution of the 3 types of relationships between the RLN and the ITA, on the right and on the left. Racial variations could contribute to an explanation of the differences observed by authors of different countries in the relationship between the RLN and the ITA.

Persistence of the embryonic lateral marginal vein: report of two cases

PURPOSE: Congenital venous malformations of the lower limbs represent a particular challenge for the vascular surgeon. Persistence of fetal veins is a rare malformation, and the most common is the persistence of the lateral marginal vein usually observed in patients with Klippel-Trenaunnay Syndrome. The persistence of this embryonic vein as an isolated venous malformation without the other characteristics of the Klippel-Trenaunnay Syndrome has not yet been reported. This paper describes two cases. METHODS: Two patients, a 17-year-old male patient and a 16-year-old female, have had since their birth a large venous trunk in the lateral aspect of the right leg and thigh. The limbs underwent duplex scanning and phlebography. The surgical removal of the lateral marginal vein was performed. RESULTS: Surgical treatment resulted in very good functional and aesthetic results. Follow-up at 26 months showed no evidence of varicose vein recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: To achieve good results, surgical intervention may be indicated in cases of orthopedic deformity, hemorrhage, symptomatic, and unaesthetic lesions.

Results of microsurgical anastomosis in men with seminal tract obstruction due to inguinal herniorrhaphy

The incidence of vasal injury during inguinal herniorrhaphy is estimated at 0.5%. We sought to assess the patency rates and long-term fertility outcome after microsurgical repair of vasal obstruction related to prior inguinal herniorrhaphy. METHODS: Twenty procedures were performed on 13 men diagnosed with infertility and vasal injury secondary to previous inguinal herniorrhaphy. Eight of these men had undergone bilateral and 5 unilateral inguinal herniorrhaphy. Twelve procedures were vasovasostomies, 3 were crossover vasovasostomies, 2 were vasoepididymostomies, and 3 were crossover vasoepididymostomies. Eight patients were azoospermic, 2 were severely oligospermic (<1 M/mL), 1 was oligospermic, and 2 were asthenospermic. Patency data was obtained on all 13 patients, and pregnancy data was available for 10 couples (77%), with a mean follow-up of 69.5 months. RESULTS: The overall patency rate was 65%. In the vasovasostomy group, the patency rate was 60% (9/15), and in the vasoepididymostomy group it was 80% (4/5). Among the azoospermic patients, 13 procedures were performed. The patency rate was 42.9% for the vasovasostomy (3/7), and 100% for the vasoepididymostomy procedure (4/4). The overall pregnancy rate was 40%. Of the men who underwent vasoepididymostomy, 80% (4/5) established a pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical vasovasostomy after inguinal vas injury results in a reasonable patency rate but a lower pregnancy rate than that after vasectomy reversal. When microsurgical vasoepididymostomy was possible, it resulted in high patency and pregnancy rate. Crossover vasoepididymostomy, when appropriate, can be a useful alternative to inguinal vasovasostomy.