Geographical distribution and intra-domiciliary capture of sylvatic triatomines in La Convenci��n province, Cusco, Peru

The geographical distribution and intra-domiciliary capture of sylvatic triatomines in three districts of the province of La Convenci��n, Cusco, Peru are presented. In the district of Vilcabamba, eight adults of Rhodnius pictipes and five adults of Panstrongylus geniculatus were found. In the district of Ocobamba, 19 adults, 14 nymphs, and eggs of P. rufotuberculatus were found. In the district of Echarate, six adults and 10 nymphs of Eratyrus mucronatus, an adult of R. pictipes and P. geniculatus, and a nymph of P. rufotuberculatus were also found. The geographical distribution of E. mucronatus has extended to Cusco. This is the first report in Peru of household colonization by this triatomine.

Cytokines and T-Lymphocute count in patients in the acute and chronic phases of Bartonella bacilliformis infection in an endemic area in peru: a pilot study

Human Bartonellosis has an acute phase characterized by fever and hemolytic anemia, and a chronic phase with bacillary angiomatosis-like lesions. This cross-sectional pilot study evaluated the immunology patterns using pre- and post-treatment samples in patients with Human Bartonellosis. Patients between five and 60 years of age, from endemic areas in Peru, in the acute or chronic phases were included. In patients in the acute phase of Bartonellosis a state of immune peripheral tolerance should be established for persistence of the infection. Our findings were that elevation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and numeric abnormalities of CD4+ and CD8+ T-Lymphocyte counts correlated significantly with an unfavorable immune state. During the chronic phase, the elevated levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 observed in our series correlated with previous findings of endothelial invasion of B. henselae in animal models.

ISOLATION AND MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIALLY PATHOGENIC Escherichia coli AND Campylobacter jejuni IN FERAL PIGEONS FROM AN URBAN AREA IN THE CITY OF LIMA, PERU

SUMMARY Feral pigeons (Columbia livia) live in close contact with humans and other animals. They can transmit potentially pathogenic and zoonotic agents. The objective of this study was to isolate and detect strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuniof urban feral pigeons from an area of Lima, Peru. Fresh dropping samples from urban parks were collected for microbiological isolation of E. coli strains in selective agar, and Campylobacterby filtration method. Molecular identification of diarrheagenic pathotypes of E.coliand Campylobacter jejuni was performed by PCR. Twenty-two parks were sampled and 16 colonies of Campylobacter spp. were isolated. The 100% of isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni. Furthermore, 102 colonies of E. coli were isolated and the 5.88% resulted as Enteropathogenic (EPEC) type and 0.98% as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC). The urban feral pigeons of Lima in Peru can act as a reservoir or carriers of zoonotic potentially pathogenic enteric agents.

Behaviour of a Peru strain of Trypanosoma cruzi in Rhesus monkeys

The course of infection with a Peru strain of T. cruzi was studied in 3 rhesus monkeys. An unsuccessful attempt to vaccinate one monkey is described. The IaM leves rise during the course of infection in ali 3 animais. A lumnhocytosis and mild anaemia was noted in these acute infections. Orbital oedema occurred in all 3 animais following subcutaneous inoculation of the infection dose into the eyelid.

Estudos sobre a persist��ncia da infectividade do Trypanosoma cruzi: I. Efeito da temperatura sobre a infectividade de flagelados da amostra Peru de T. cruzi obtidos de fezes de triatom��neos

An investigation was made about the influence of environment temperature on the infectivity of flagellate of T. cruzi Peru sample in triatomine feces by periconjuntival instilation in albino mice. The results demonstrate that infection, measured by patent parasitemia decreases when fecal suspension is maintained at 30��C. The possible implication of these findings in relation to transmission of T. cruzi to human, in field, is briefty discussed.

Biomphalaria straminea no Peru e sua suscetibilidade a cepas brasileiras de Schistosoma mansoni

Em Maio de 1973, um dos autores (C.A.C.) coletou na localidade de Imacita, Prov��ncia de Bagua, Departamento de Amazonas, v��rios esp��cimes de Biomphalaria straminea (Dunker, 1848), uma esp��cie que, at�� ent��o, n��o havia sido assinalada no Peru. Descendentes destes indiv��duos foram submetidos a provas de suscetibilidade ��s cepas BH e SJ de Schistosoma mansoni que, em condi����es naturais, evoluem em B. glabrata de Belo Horizonte e B. tenagophila de S��o Jos�� dos Campos, respectivamente. Oitenta esp��cimens foram expostos �� cepa BH dos quais em 13 ou 16,2% a infec����o evoluiu caracteristicamente at�� a forma����o de esporocistos secund��rios sem haver, contudo, elimina����o de cerc��rias, mesmo no indiv��duo que apresentou uma sobreviv��ncia de 88 dias ap��s a exposi����o. N��o se verificou cura espont��nea neste lote. Entre as 40 B. straminea expostas �� cepa SJ 9 ou 22,5% infectaram-se, sendo que apenas duas eliminaram poucas cerc��rias aos 57 e 77 dias ap��s a exposi����o, por dois dias consecutivos, tendo uma morrido e uma se curado espontaneamente. A cura espont��nea do parasitismo foi notado em mais dois indiv��duos, nos quais a infec����o foi observada atrav��s da concha. Cortes histol��gicos seriados de 9 caramujos, expostos individualmente a 50 mirac��dios da cepa BH e fixados entre 6 e 120 horas ap��s a exposi����o, mostraram esporocistos em desenvolvimento e esporocistos invadidos por ameb��citos, sem forma����o de granulomas por parte do hospedeiro, fato assinalado em caramujos suscet��veis. A popula����o estudada comportou-se experimentalmente de modo semelhante a outras popula����es de B. straminea testadas em laborat��rio, isto ��, com baixa suscetibilidade, embora tal comportamento n��o afaste a possibilidade dela vir a manter o ciclo do parasita em sua ��rea de distribui����o.

La fauna flebotomica (Diptera: Psychodedae) de tres prov��ncias de la region nor oriental del Mara��on, Peru

En localidades ubicadas entre los distritos de San Jos�� de Lourdes (05��03'Longitud Sur), provinda de San Ignacio y Lonya Grande (06��05'30" Longitud Sur), provinda de Utcubamba, Region Nor Orietital del Maran��n, donde la bartonellosis humana o Verruga Peruana es end��mica, se capturaron 2774 fleb��tomos entre 1987 y 1992; identific��ndo se 13 especies; 11 correspondeu al g��nero Lutzomyia, 1 a Brumptomyia y 1 a Warileya. De las especies capturadas, Zutzomyia sp. similar a Lutzomyia serrana y Lutzomyia maranonensis sp. n., Galati, C��ceres & Le Pont, son las mas abundantes (89.74%), por lo que, se especula que puedeit ser consideradas vectores potenciales de la Verruga Peruana. Se reporta Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend, 1913) por primem vez para la provinda de Utcubamba.

Efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Amazon basin of Peru

In vivo antimalarial drug efficacy studies of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria at an isolated site in the Amazon basin of Peru bordering Brazil and Colombia showed >50% RII/RIII resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine but no evidence of resistance to mefloquine.

O "Programa Flora" do Brasil - historia e situa����o atual

Apanhado hist��rico do PROGRAMA FLORA do Brasil, contendo as raz��es que levaram o CHPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnol��gico) a cri��-lo, e a situa����o atual desse projeto. S��o as seguintes as fun����es b��sicas do PROGRAMA FLORA: a) pesquisa fundamental sobre a vegeta����o e a flora silvestres do Brasil; b) organiza����o de centros de excel��ncia em Bot��nica em cada Estado e Territ��rio do pa��s, especificamente para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre os recursos vegetais silvestres da respectiva regi��o, aqui incluindo a forma����o de novos bot��nicos e t��cnicos auxiliares, em todos os n��veis; e c) desenvolvimento de sistemas de informa����o relacionados ao conhecimento dos recursos vegetais silvestres do Brasil, especialmente a cria����o e manuten����o de bancos de dados com informa����es as mais completas poss��veis sobre esses recursos. Depois de oito anos de funcionamento, e devido �� falta de interesse das autoridades competentes, o PROGRAMA FLORA foi implantado em apenas 10 dos 26 Estados e Territ��rios do Brasil e est��, no momento, quase desativado, esperando que o novo governo o reanime, criando n��cleos nas demais ��reas do pais e continuando a cumprir o projeto inicial, Enquanto o FLORA estava funcionando, ainda que com apenas ��nfimo aux��lio governamental, ele proporcionou a contrata����o de 52 bot��nicos iniciantes que, sob a orienta����o de bot��nicos experimentados, deram grande impulso no estudo das flores de cada regi��o. Os herb��rios que sediaram n��cleos do FLORA foram modernizados, sendo que alguma, como os da Amaz��nia e do Nordeste, tiveram [zm apenas 5 anos) seus acervos duplicados ou mesmo triplicados. V��rios dos bot��nicos iniciantes ingressaram em cursos de pos-gradua����o, sendo que alguns j�� receberam o grau de Mestre e j�� est��o caminhando para a obten����o do grau de Doutor. Na ��rea da Inform��tica, dois t��cnicos brasileiros foram enviados aos EE.UU., para est��gio visando �� forma����o e tratamento de bancas de dados especificamente para o PROGRAMA FLORA. Posteriormente, dois professores norteamericanos vieram ao Brasil, trazendo sistemas de processamento de dados especificamente montados para uso em Bot��nica Sistem��tica. Tais sistemas foram implantados no CPD do Centro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CEPF), do CNPq, no Rio de Janeiro. Foram preenchidos mais de 400.000 formul��rios de coleta de dados nos herb��rios dos n��cleos do FLORA. O SERPRO (Servi��o federal de Processamento de Dados) providenciou a digita����o dos dados dos formul��rios, produziu os arquivos, em fitas magn��ticas, e o CPD do CBPF organizou e est�� mantendo o Banco de Dados referente ��s informa����es contidas nos herb��rios levantados.Estes dados d��o uma id��ia do que poder��amos esperar do PROGRAMA FLORA, se a este tivessem tido dados os indispens��veis recursos e tivesse sido cumprido o programa de a����o inicialmente proposto. ��, realmente, uma grande pena que as autoridades competentes tenham decidido desativar o PROGRAMA FLORA, justamente quando ele estava precisando ser fortalecido nos n��cleos j�� implantados, e ter novos n��cleos criados, cobrindo todo o territ��rio do Brasil.

Enterolobium barnebianum A.L. Mesquita & M.F. da Silva, uma nova Mimos��cea para a Amaz��nia brasileira, Col��mbia e Peru.

Enterolobium barnebianum A.L. Mesquita & M.F. da Silva �� descrita e apresentada como nova esp��cie para a regi��o amaz��nica e pa��ses lim��trofes.

Fishing territoriality and diversity between the ethnic populations Ashaninka and Kaxinaw�� ,Breu river, Brazil/Peru

This study describes the diversity and the subsistence fishing territoriality of traditional populations of a village Ashaninka and two Kaxinaw�� living at the margins of Breu River (Brasil/Peru). In general, samplings in the dwellings were carried out late in the afternoon, as the fishermen arrived in the village. The data were analysed in an exploratory way through the index of pondered dominance (ID%), by analysis of variance and by a correspondence analysis in order to determine the associations of the fish species and the fishing spots between the villages of the Indigenous Reserve. The results of the analysis of variance demonstrated that differences exist between the fish diversities of the catches. However, post-hoc tests only detected differences in diversities between the hand fishhook and the other fishing gears (bow and arrow, castnets and rotenone tingui). Although the use of bow and arrow resulted in a low capture (Kg), this fishing strategy is associated with a high fishing diversity, in terms of number of species. These results demonstrate that there is no overlap in the frequency of the visits to the fishing spots between the Ashaninka and Kaxinaw�� populations. This pattern is the same found for the correspondence analysis for the fish species, which describes the relationship between the deep pools environments exploited by the fishermen Ashaninka and Kaxinaw�� of Mour��o. These ethnic populations still continue to maintain a strong cultural and cosmological tradition, with their territories defined in an informal way of the upper Juru�� area.

Fisheries and fishing effort at the Indigenous Reserves Ashaninka/Kaxinaw��, river Breu, Brazil/Peru

This article aimed to describe the subsistence fisheries of traditional populations of three ethnic groups, one Ashaninka and two Kaxinaw��, lying on the banks of the River Breu. Initially, monitors were trained to fill logbooks with data from fisheries of the villages during an annual cycle (august/1995 august/1996). Based on these data, it was realized an inventory of the most common fish species caught as well as one about the fishing environment. The following results were obtained: i) Indians prefer to use pools, locally known as "po��os", for fishing; ii) the most common caught species are the "mandis" (35%, Pimelodidae), armored catfishes (Loricariidae), specially Hypostomus sp. (25%), the "curimat��" (9%, Prochilodus sp.) and the "saburus" (8%, Curimatidae), among others; iii) the fishing gears that lead to a high rate of fishing are the native "tingui", nets and bow and arrows; iv) fisheries are more intensive during summer; v) the fishing effort and their associated factors statistically significant in predicting the catches in the Indian Reserve were f1 = number of fishermen, f2 = (number of fishermen*total time devoted to fishing), f3 = [(number of fishermen)*(total time devoted to fishing)-(the time displacement)] and the factor villages and fishing gears; vi) although almost all the fisheries are done by walking to the fishing places, catches increase when paddle boats are used; and vii) the most active fishermen belong to Kaxinaw�� tribe.

Two new species of Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827 (Diptera, Hybotidae, Tachydromiinae) from Bolivia, Brazil and Peru

Two new species of Elaphropeza Macquart, 1827 are described and illustrated: Elaphropeza atrata sp. nov. (Brazil and Peru) and Elaphropeza longiseta sp. nov. (Bolivia and Brazil). An updated key to Elaphropeza species from Amazon Basin is provided. The number of species of Elaphropeza in the Amazon Basin region is increased to seven with an increase to 36 for the Neotropical Region.

First record of Trichodina heterodentata (Ciliophora: Trichodinidae) from Arapaima gigas cultivated in Peru

This study characterized morphologically Trichodina heterodentata Duncan, 1977 from cultivated fingerlings of "pirarucu" Arapaima gigas in Peru. Body and gill smears were air-dried at room temperature, impregnated with silver nitrate and/or stained with gomori trichromic. Prevalence was 100%. Trichodina heterodentata was considered a medium-sized trichodinid with mean body diameter of 56.0+ 5.25 (47.3-76.0) μm, denticulate ring 28.21�� 2.71 (20-34.7) μm, adhesive disc 45.7��3.8 (37.1-57.3) μm diameter and number of denticles of 20.7�� 2.6 (12-24). The present study reports not only the first occurrence of T. heterodentata in Peru but also the first record of this trichodinid infesting A. gigas. Camparative tables of all reports of T. heterodentata are also presented.