77 resultados para Micro-enterprises
Resumo:
A conseqüência mais interessante de inserir pesquisa no ambiente de atividade educacional é a assimilação do conceito de conhecimento como uma construção teórica compartilhada pela comunidade científica. A idéia de conhecimento temporário e subjetivo deve ser desenvolvida na sala de aula. Mas, como um problema pode ser criado durante o desenvolvimento do conteúdo? Em Microbiologia Agrícola da Faculdade de Ciências Agropecuárias (Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos), foi desenvolvido um trabalho de grupo durante cinco anos. Este trabalho foi caracterizado pelo princípio metodológico da resolução de problemas para auxiliar o processo de aprendizagem. Na sala de aula, os professores coordenaram as atividades e os estudantes desenvolveram e projetaram a experiência, baseando-se nos problemas levantados para obter resultados. Depois de analisados e discutidos, verificou-se que novos problemas e questões surgiram. Este método foi avaliado por meio de entrevista com os alunos leva a crer que sua utilização em sala de aula, tenha tornado a aprendizagem mais significativa.
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Neste ensaio procuro desenvolver uma argumentação a favor da superação dos monismos metodológicos no campo da pesquisa em sociologia da educação. Com base no que Jeffrey Alexander (1987) denominou o "novo movimento teórico", defendo a necessidade de superar a divisão do trabalho de pesquisa entre os investigadores que se dedicam à microssociologia e os que preferem abordagens macrossociais. Nessa perspectiva, as opções teórico-metodológicas devem-se ancorar nas necessidades da investigação e não numa opção a priori do pesquisador por qualquer uma das alternativas.
Resumo:
Este artigo analisa as relações macro/micro em teses e dissertações sobre currículo da educação básica, produzidas em programas brasileiros de pós-graduação em educação da Região Sudeste, no período de 1996 a 2002.
Resumo:
A necessidade de disponibilizar informações para o setor produtivo tem levado a reflexões e esforços no sentido de atender de forma ampla a esta demanda em uma sociedade do conhecimento. O artigo foca a relevância da disponibilização de informações no processo de capacitação e inovação tecnológica no segmento das empresas de pequeno porte, especialmente em face da atual relevância econômica e social deste porte de empresa. Conclui com a indicação de algumas medidas que devem ser perseguidas para ampliar a oferta de informação para as empresas de pequeno porte.
Resumo:
Este artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa exploratória realizada no primeiro semestre de 2008 com micro e pequenos empresários na região do Barro Preto em Belo Horizonte, importante pólo da moda mineira. Para a coleta de dados, optou-se pela utilização de um questionário estruturado, com perguntas fechadas, o qual foi aplicado a nove empresários da região, escolhidos a partir dos seguintes critérios: (a) acessibilidade dos pesquisadores às fontes de dados; (b) tempo disponível para a coleta de dados; (c) importância do empreendimento para a região. Por ser um tipo de pesquisa predominantemente quantitativa, técnicas estatísticas foram utilizadas nas análises dos dados coletados. Os resultados revelaram que, em contextos competitivos turbulentos, é aconselhável um processo de monitoramento contínuo dos movimentos dos concorrentes (diretos e indiretos) e das mudanças macroambientais, coletando informações úteis para uma tomada de decisão estratégica cada vez mais eficaz que favoreça a manutenção de vantagens competitivas significativas nos mercados em que os empreendimentos estão inseridos ao longo do tempo.
Resumo:
Two models of a glass micro-extractor were constructed after modification of a model proposed in the literature. The two models were used for the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of organochlorinated pesticides from aqueous matrixes to an organic solution appropriate for the gas chromatographic analysis of the pesticide. It was established that the performance of one of the modified micro-extractors permits the pre-concentration of the pesticides to a level that allow their quantitation at the trace level with electron capture detection. It is thus concluded that the glass micro-extractor is a suitable tool for the sample preparation step in the gas chromatographic analysis of environmental pollutants of the class of pesticides.
Resumo:
The technique of solid phase microextraction (SPME) was used for the extraction of halogenated contaminants of water samples from three cities of the State of São Paulo and the extracts were submitted to gas chromatographic analysis with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). In the samples of water collected at the city of São Paulo the detected level of trihalomethanes (THM) expressed as the sum of chloroform, dibromochloromethane and dichlorobromomethane, were higher than the permissible limit established by the Brazilian regulation. In the samples collected at the two other cities the level of any of the three THM remained below the sensitivity of the ECD.
Resumo:
A procedure for the nitration of phenol in a semi-micro scale, followed by separation of the formed orto- and para-nitrophenol isomers by column chromatography, is described. All the experiment, including determination of the melting point of the isolated products, require a period of 4 hours, and it is suitable for organic chemistry laboratory undergraduate courses.
Resumo:
The pyrethroids bifenthrin, permethrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin were extracted by solid phase extraction (SPE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME). The analysis were performed on a gas chromatograph with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). Octadecil Silano-C18, Florisil and Silica stationary phases were studied for SPE. Better results were obtained for Florisil which gave recoveries from 80% to 108%. Pyrethroids extraction by SPME showed a linear response and a detection limit of 10 pg ml-1. Although the data showed that the two extraction methods were able to isolate the pesticide residues from water samples, the best results were obtained by using SPME which is more sensitive, faster, cheeper, being a more useful technique for the analysis of pyrethroids in drinking water.
Resumo:
A method for determination of lead and cadmium in aqueous samples using solvent microextraction and dithizone as complexing agent with FAAS was developed. Solvent microextraction parameters were optimized. The effect of foreign ions on the extraction yields was studied. The extraction was carried out until the aqueous to organic phase ratio achieved a 250 fold preconcentration of metals. For preconcentration times of 4 min the 3sigma detection limits, relative standard deviations (n=7) and linear calibration ranges were 1.6 mug L-1, 5.8% and 10.0 -- 80.0 mug L-1 for lead and 11.1 ng L-1, 5.9% and 0.3 -- 3.0 mug L-1 for cadmium, respectively. The solvent microextraction procedure presented here was applied to the determination of lead and cadmium in natural waters.
Resumo:
In this work a micro-heater device to be used as an integral part of the flow analysis manifold is described. The usefulness of the device was demonstrated using it in the development of a multicommutated flow analysis procedure for the spectrophotometric determination of manganese in plant digest. The method was based on the manganese oxidation by periodate in phosphoric acid medium to form the permanganate anion. The reaction development is dependent on the temperature and it was observed that at 25 °C a time interval of ca. 15 min was necessary for the reaction to attain equilibrium. Setting the temperature to 70 ºC, this time interval could be decreased to ca. 30 s. This condition was easily attained employing the proposed micro-heater device coupled to the manifold. The procedure was applied to manganese determination in soybean digests and results compared with those obtained by inductively coupled argon plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). No significant difference at 90% confidence level was observed. A linear response for sample concentrations ranging from 5.0 to 30.00 mg L-1 Mn2+; a relative standard deviation of 1.3% (n = 6) for a typical sample containing 6.3 mg L-1 Mn2+; a sampling rate of 22 determinations per hour; a low reagent consumption, of 12.0 mg NaIO4 per determination; and a detection limit of 1.2 mg L-1 were achieved.
Resumo:
Normally, the determination of equilibrium constants (k d) in batch experiments uses a high solution to soil ratio, which does not represent field conditions. In this study we present an alternative method to evaluate adsorption constants, using micro-columns of soil at higher soil to solution ratios. The centrifugation force and equilibration time were investigated. The triadimenol distribution along the column profile is controlled by diffusion and equilibration times greater than 24 h are needed to achieve reproducibility. The centrifugation force must be superior to 670 g in order to guarantee enough extraction of the liquid solution from the soil columns.
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The total synthesis of sulfadiazine and silver sulfadiazine from readily available starting materials was adapted to semi-micro laboratory scale and is proposed as an experiment in drug synthesis for undergraduate courses.
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This work describes a systematic study for bovine liver sample preparation for Cd and Pb determination by solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples were prepared using different procedures: (1) drying in a household microwave oven followed by drying in a stove at 60 ºC until constant mass, and (2) freeze-drying. Ball and cryogenic mills were used for grinding. Particle size, sample size and micro sample homogeneity were investigated. All prepared samples showed good homogeneity (He < 10) even for low sample mass, but samples dried in a microwave oven/stove and ground in a ball mill presented the best homogeneity.
Resumo:
Catalysis by solid acids has received much attention due to its importance in petroleum refining and petrochemical processes. Relatively few studies have focused on catalysis by bases and even les on using basic molecular sieves. This paper deals with the potential application of micro and mesoporous molecular sieves in base catalysis reactions. The paper is divided in two parts, the first one dedicated to the design of the catalysts and the second to some relevant examples of catalytic reactions, which find a huge field of applications essentially in the synthesis of fine chemicals. Here, recent developments in catalysis by basic molecular sieves and the perspectives of applications in correlated catalytic processes are described.