112 resultados para Matriz de entradas-saídas


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work Fenton and photo-Fenton processes for textile dye degradation were investigated using iron (II) immobilized in alginate spheres. Photomicrographs obtained by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregular and porous surface with a homogeneous distribution of iron. The Fenton process was used to evaluate the degradation efficiency of reactive dyes and this procedure showed a low degradation effect. The association of artificial visible light or solar radiation in the Fenton process (foto-Fenton process) showed degradation ratios of 70 and 80% respectively in 45 min. It was also observed that the iron-alginate matrix can be reused.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This work describes the study the adsorption of a cationic surfactant, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) in the hydrous niobium phosphate matrix. The matrix was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (DRX), thermal analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area measurements (BET). The Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal models were used in the CTAB adsorption study. The adsorption process wasn`t favorable for the NbOPO4.nH2O in both studied models.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This work was aimed on optimization of the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique using gas chromatography for analyzing residues of chlorpyriphos, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin in tomatoes. The results showed that silica was more efficient for the clean up of extracts, but florisil provided the highest recovery rates. A 2³ complete factorial design was carried out to evaluate the absorbent/sample ratio, presence of co-column (silica) and ultrasonic bath on the extraction rate. The percentage of extraction of the pesticides chlorpyriphos, λ-cyhalothrin, cypermethrin and deltamethrin were 64.7, 88.3, 99.2 and 89.2%, respectively, with relative standard deviations below 5%.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The lack of accuracy of a chromatographic method can be associated with the matrix effect. This effect is observed in pesticide quantification by gas chromatography when the chromatographic signals of standards prepared in solvents are compared with those of the analyte in extracts of complex matrices. In the competition between the matrix components and the pesticides for the active sites of the liner, a larger amount of pesticides is transferred to the column, giving apparent extractions above 100%. In this work, we discuss factors that contribute to the matrix effect and present some attempts to overcome the problem.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work were prepared composites of iron oxide and carbonaceous materials in two different weight proportions (Carbon/Fe 1/1 and 1/2). The physico-chemical properties of the composites were determined by temperature programmed reduction (TPR), adsorption/dessorption of N2, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and pulse titration H2. The XRD and XPS analysis showed a cubic iron oxide phase, identified as maghemite, formed over the carbon surface. The particle size of maghemite showed to be within 10-30 nm. Carbon/Fe 1/2 was the most active in MB removal kinetics and ESI-MS studies showed that MB removal by both composites leads to oxidized intermediates.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Industrial hazardous wastes must receive appropriate treatment to ensure a safe disposal to humans and environment. One of the techniques adopted for this purpose is the stabilization/solidification in polymer matrices. This paper evaluated the use of recycled polyethylene terephthalate as an incorporation matrix of incinerator ash. The polymer and the ash were submitted to an extrusion process in different percentages. The final product was evaluated through thermal and leaching tests and the leachate extracts constituents were determinated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results showed a reduction in the release of substances up to 99% by mass for the conditions used.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized by covalent attachment on hybrid SiO2-chitosan obtained by sol-gel technique. A comparative study between free and immobilized lipase was provided in terms of pH, temperature, kinetic parameters and thermal stability on the olive oil hydrolysis. The pH and temperature for maximum activity shifted from 7.0 and 45 ºC for the free lipase to 7.5 and wide range of temperature (40-50 ºC) after immobilization. Kinetics parameters were found to obey Michaelis-Menten equation and K M values indicated that immobilization process reduced the affinity of enzyme-substrate; however Kd values revealed an increase of thermal stability of lipase.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In this work, the organic compounds of cigar samples from different brands were analyzed. The compound extraction was made using the matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique, followed by gas chromatography and identification by mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and standards, when available. Thirty eight organic compounds were found in seven different brands. Finally, with the objective of characterizing and discriminating the cigar samples, multivariate statistical analyses were applied to data, e.g.; principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). With such analyses, it was possible to discriminate three main groups of three quality levels.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Cellulose acetate produced from mango seed fibers cellulose was used as a matrix for preparation of microparticles empty and load with acetaminophen (Paracetamol) in order to evaluate the incorporation of an active agent during the formation of microparticles. The microparticles are characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The incorporation of paracetamol can be confirmed by the change in value of glass transition temperature (Tg). The formation of microparticles spherical was observed by SEM and showed an average diameter of 1.010 and 0.950 mm for empty and load microparticles respectively.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Composite solid propellants prepared with HTPB prepolymer - Hydroxyl Terminated Polybutadiene, AP - Ammonium Perchlorate as oxidizer and aluminum particles as an additive metal, have characteristics of high electrical resistivity. The loading process of the polymer matrix did not obtain homogeneity, resulting in clusters, mainly of metal particles. The effect of clustering in the composite was studied and observed experimentally, and this effect was one of the factors explaining the phenomenon of electrical charging of the composite. This electrical potential, when discharged abruptly, can generate an electric spark with sufficient energy for sustained ignition of a solid rocket motor.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This study aimed to produce and characterize a novel material from fish scales and chitosan for use as a medium for the extended release of herbicides. The mechanism of release for the herbicides atrazine and diuron was influenced by diffusion and swelling according to the power law kinetic model. The atrazine release time was seven days, while that of diuron was four days. The results of this study will contribute to the development of environmental matrices for herbicide release systems.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A aplicação de um eletrodo sensível a íons H3O+, obtido pelo recobrimento de um eletrodo de grafite com uma membrana polimérica contendo PbO2 incorporado em uma matriz de PVC (PbO2-PVC), como eletrodo indicador em titulações coulométricas de neutralização, foi investigada. As leituras dos potenciais foram feitas usando o eletrodo indicador de PbO2-PVC e para comparação dos resultados foi usado um eletrodo de vidro combinado (EVC). As curvas de titulação monitoradas com o eletrodo de PbO2-PVC apresentaram características semelhantes àquelas monitoradas com o EVC e os tempos de equivalência obtidos foram concordantes a um nível de confiança de 95%. O eletrodo de PbO2-PVC apresentou resposta linear no intervalo de pH 2 a 12 com inclinação de Nernst de -57,6 ± 0,1 mV/pH (r= 0,9998), sendo o tempo de resposta deste eletrodo bem menor do que aquele obtido com o EVC. O eletrodo de PbO2-PVC é de fácil construção, possui baixo custo e tempo de vida útil superior a 4 meses, equivalente a (pelo menos 1200 determinações por membrana polimérica).

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Neste estudo foi desenvolvido uma metodologia para determinação de Ni(II) em amostras de água usando a extração em fase sólida (SPE) em um sistema por injeção em fluxo (FI) e detecção por espectrometria de absorção atômica em chama (F AAS). O adsorvente utilizado para a extração e pré-concentração do Ni(II) foi a sílica gel modificada com óxido de nióbio(V). Variáveis químicas e de fluxo do sistema em linha foram otimizadas usando planejamento fatorial completo (N = 2k + 3). As condições iniciais do sistema FI-F AAS foram volume de amostra de 10 mL e concentração de Ni(II) de 100 µg L-1. O tampão Sörensen foi selecionado neste estudo. A resposta analítica utilizada foi absorvância integrada. Após a otimização foram obtidos os parâmetros analíticos de mérito: faixa linear de trabalho estudada de 5-100 µg L-1; R = 0.9999; RSD = 1,5% (35 µg L-1, n = 7); limite de detecção de 0,8 µg L-1; limite de quantificação de 2,7 µg L-1 e fator de enriquecimento de 92,25. Foram analisadas amostras de água do rio Araranguá e a da rede de abastecimento da cidade de Florianópolis, ambas do estado de Santa Catarina. As duas amostras não apresentaram concentração de níquel acima do limite de detecção e após fortificação das mesmas os valores de recuperação foram na faixa de 100,2 a 103,8%.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

OBJETIVO: O artigo propõe uma matriz de competências essenciais para valorização e intencionalidade dos percursos acadêmicos e como referência de processos avaliativos dos estudantes. METODOLOGIA: O estudo apresenta delineamento quanti-qualitativo. Após revisão integrativa da literatura e pesquisa documental, foi elaborada e consolidada a versão inicial. O teste piloto com 12 professores, membros do Colegiado de Graduação do curso médico da UFMG, contribuiu para ajustes do documento. A validação da matriz foi orientada pela metodologia Delphi, com avaliação docente individual, por via eletrônica e utilização da ferramenta Googledocs. RESULTADOS: Houve consenso entre os 112 professores avaliadores para aprovação da matriz, composta por seis grandes domínios - profissionalismo; relacionamentos interpessoais e comunicação; atenção integral à saúde da pessoa; organização de sistemas de saúde e atenção em saúde pública; gestão do conhecimento; conhecimento médico -, 28 subdomínios e 204 descritores dos conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes essenciais na formação do médico, durante sua graduação. CONCLUSÕES: Considera-se que a matriz contribuirá na qualificação da formação médica e na certificação das competências para o atendimento adequado às demandas de saúde, dentro de padrões de excelência técnica e responsabilidade social.