Green and brown propolis: efficient natural biocides for the control of bacterial contamination of alcoholic fermentation of distilled beverage

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of natural biocides, brown and green propolis, for the control of bacterial contamination in the production of sugarcane spirit. The treatments consisted of brown and green propolis extracts, ampicillin, and a control and were assessed at the beginning and end of harvest season in ten fermentation cycles. In the microbiological analyses, the lactic acid bacteria were quantified in the inoculum before and after the treatment with biocides, and the viability of yeast cells during fermentation was evaluated. The levels of acids, glycerol, total residual reducing sugars, and ethanol were analyzed for the wine resulting from each fermentation cycle. A reduction in the number of bacterial contaminants in the inoculum in the treatments with the natural biocides was observed, but it did not affect the viability of yeast cells. The control of the contaminants led to the production of higher levels of ethanol and reduced acidity in the wine produced. The results of the use of brown and green propolis to control the growth microorganisms in the fermentation of sugarcane spirit can be of great importance for using alternative strategies to synthetic antibacterials in fermentation processes including other distilled beverage or spirits.

Physicochemical and antioxidative properties of black, brown and red rice varieties of northern Thailand

Rice, the seed of Oryza species, is the major cereal crop in most of the developing countries. Nearly 95% of global rice production is done in Asian countries, and about half of the world’s population consumes it. Some speciality rices are not commonly consumed. Colored rice is one of such variety. In these varieties, high amounts of anthocyanin pigment are deposited in the rice coat to form its black (also known as purple), brown and red colors. Minimum studies are there to explain the properties of these rice varieties of Thailand. Thus, the current study was aimed to assess the physicochemical and antioxidative properties of three rice varieties (Chiang Mai Black rice, Mali Red rice and Suphanburi-1 Brown rice) of different cultivars of northern Thailand. Rice bran extracts of these three cultivars were prepared with different solvents (polar and non-polar) for the evaluation of total phytochemical content and anti-oxidant free-radical-scavenging properties. Chiang Mai Black rice contained higher concentration of phenolic acid, flavonoids, and anthocyanins (Cyanidin 3-glucoside, peonidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin chloride). Chiang Mai Black rice is richer in free-radical-scavenging compounds and activities than the other tested varieties. Polar extractions of rice bran are high in anti-oxidative compounds and activities than non-polar extractions.

Avaliação de métodos de extração do arilo e tratamento com ethephon em sementes de Passiflora giberti N.E. Brown pelos testes de germinação e de tetrazólio

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dois métodos de extração de arilo e cinco concentrações de ethephon em sementes de Passiflora giberti N.E.Brown, empregou-se o teste de germinação e de tetrazólio para a realização deste experimento, no Laboratório de Tecnologia de Sementes da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, campus de Marechal Cândido Rondon, no período de 01/06 a 03/07/01. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições de 25 sementes por parcela. Os frutos foram coletados em Marechal Cândido Rondon e os tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de dois tipos de extração do arilo e embebição das sementes em cinco concentrações de ethephon por cinco horas. A semeadura para o teste de germinação foi realizada em rolos de papel germitest mantidos em câmara de germinação com temperatura alternada (25-30ºC). O teste de tetrazólio foi feito no lote de sementes antes da instalação do experimento e no final do teste de germinação, 30 dias após a semeadura. Os resultados demonstram que ocorerram interações significativas entre os métodos de extração do arilo e as concentrações de ethephon para a vitalidade de sementes. Pode-se observar que somente na extração por fermentação com a concentração de 600mg.l-1 verificou-se diminuição significativa na vitalidade das sementes, diferindo dos demais tratamentos. Na extração do arilo por fricção com pano todas as concentrações demonstraram-se semelhantes. Os métodos de extração do arilo não afetaram a vitalidade das sementes de Passiflora giberti N.E. Brown com presença de dormência, exceto quando se empregou 600mg.l-1 de ethephon. Tratamentos com ethephon não foram adequados para proporcionar a germinação das sementes.