Lycaenid caterpillars (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) eating flowers of Dalea pennellii var. chilensis (Fabaceae) in the northern Chilean Andes

Lycaenid caterpillars (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae) eating flowers of Dalea pennellii var. chilensis (Fabaceae) in the northern Chilean Andes. The shrub Dalea pennellii var. chilensis (Fabaceae) is reported for the first time as a host plant for three Neotropical Polyommatini (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Polyommatinae): Hemiargus ramon (Dognin, 1887), Leptotes trigemmatus (Butler, 1881) and Nabokovia faga (Dognin, 1895), based on two collections performed in the western slopes of the northern Chilean Andes in two consecutive summers. The relative abundance was always above 90% for N. faga while it was always less than 5% for H. ramon and L. trigemmatus. Furthermore, N. faga was not found on inflorescences of other native Fabaceae examined in the study site. This pattern suggests a close relationship between N. faga and D. pennellii var. chilensis, at least at a local scale.

External morphology of immature stages of Zaretis strigosus (Gmelin) and Siderone galanthis catarina Dottax and Pierre comb. nov., with taxonomic notes on Siderone (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Charaxinae)

ABSTRACT The external morphology of immature stages of Zaretis strigosus (Gmelin, [1790]) and Siderone galanthis catarina Dottax and Pierre, 2009 comb. nov. from southern Brazil are described. Additionally, morphology of the adults and sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase, subunit I, were analyzed in order to evaluate the taxonomy of Siderone galanthis Hübner, [1823]. Immatures were collected on Casearia sylvestris (Salicaceae) in Curitiba, Paraná, and Balneário Barra do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and reared at the laboratory. Morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided, based on observations through stereoscopic and optic microscopes attached to camera lucida; results are compared and discussed and immature stages of some other species of Charaxinae. The results indicates that the morphology of the immature stages of the studied species differ greatly from other Anaeini, representing a distinct lineage of leafwings butterflies. Morphology and molecular evidence indicate that S. nemesis mexicana Dottax and Pierre, 2009 and S. nemesis catarina Dottax and Pierre, 2009 are conspecific with S. galanthis (Cramer, 1775); additionally, S. thebais C. Felder and R. Felder 1862, S. nemesis var. confluens Staudinger, 1887, S. nemesis f. leonora Bargmann, 1928 and S. nemesis f. exacta Bargmann, 1929 are synonymized with S. galanthis galanthis (Cramer, 1775).

Rhizobia Isolated from Coal Mining Areas in the Nodulation and Growth of Leguminous Trees

ABSTRACT An alternative for recovery of areas degraded by coal mining is revegetation with rapidly growing leguminous trees, which often do not establish in low fertility soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of native rhizobia isolated from coal mining areas in the nodulation and growth of leguminous trees. We isolated 19 strains of rhizobia from a degraded soil near Criciúma, SC, Brazil, and evaluated the nodulation and growth-promoting capacity of the inoculated isolates for bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella), maricá (M. bimucronata) and angico-vermelho (Parapiptadenia rigida). Isolates UFSC-B2, B6, B8, B9, B11 and B16 were able to nodulate bracatinga, providing average increases of 165 % in shoot dry matter, with a significant contribution to N accumulation. Isolates UFSC-B5, B12, and M8 favored nodulation and growth of maricá, especially isolate UFSC-B12, which promoted increases of 370 % in N accumulation compared to treatment with N fertilizer. All strains were inefficient in promoting growth and N uptake by angico-vermelho. In conclusion, isolation and use of selected rhizobia for bracatinga and maricá plant inoculation can contribute to the growth and accumulation of N, with prospects for use in programs for revegetation of degraded soils in coal mining areas.

Controle da fusariose em plantas de pimenta-do-reino com bactérias endofíticas: sobrevivência e respostas morfofisiológicas

Oito bactérias endofíticas de plântulas de pimenta-do-reino foram testadas em casa de vegetação, objetivando controlar Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis e avaliar respostas morfofisiológicas das plantas tratadas com os agentes de controle. Plantas com quatro meses de idade tiveram o sistema radicular tratado com as suspensões bacterianas (10(9) ufc mL-1) por 10 minutos, e foram plantadas em vasos com solo natural infestado artificialmente com o patógeno (0,25%). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições para avaliar o comportamento fotossintético, a produção e a alocação de biomassa, e cinco repetições para avaliar a mortalidade das plantas. As avaliações foram feitas 120 dias após a instalação do ensaio. O isolado B0 (Methylobacterium radiotolerans) controlou F. solani f. sp. piperis, provocando redução significativa do número de plantas mortas. Na ausência do patógeno, M. radiotolerans funcionou ainda como promotor de crescimento. Os demais isolados testados não apresentaram efeito na diminuição da mortalidade das plantas. A aplicação das bactérias endofíticas não afetou a taxa fotossintética instantânea das plantas, à exceção de B6, que teve efeito negativo. As plantas tratadas com M. radiotolerans priorizaram a alocação de carbono para a parte aérea.

Efeito fungistático de Bacillus thuringiensis e de outras bactérias sobre alguns fungos fitopatogênicos

Quatro isolados bacterianos da rizosfera de Drosera villosa var. villosa (B1, B2, B3, B4) e dois isolados de Bacillus thuringiensis (B5 e B6), sendo B6 produtor da toxina bioinseticida Cry1Ab, foram avaliados quanto à capacidade de inibir os fungos fitopatogênicos Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli, Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, Fusarium oxysporum e Colletotrichum sp. A cepa mais efetiva foi B1 que inibiu o crescimento dos quatro fungos até o 26º dia. B. thuringiensis inibiu o crescimento de três destes, o que indica que possui atividade antifúngica e abre um novo campo de estudo para a utilização do B. thuringiensis.