Otimização do banho eletrolítico da liga Fe-W-B resistente à corrosão

A study on optimization of bath parameters for electrodeposition of Fe-W-B alloys from plating baths containing ammonia and citrate is reported. A 2³ full factorial design was successfully employed for experimental design analysis of the results. The corrosion resistance and amorphous character were evaluated. The bath conditions obtained for depositing the alloy with good corrosion resistance were: 0.01 M iron sulfate, 0.10 M sodium tungstate and 0.60 M ammonium citrate. The alloy was deposited at 12% current efficiency. The alloy obtained had Ecorr -0.841 V and Rp 1.463 x 10(4) Ohm cm². The deposit obtained under these conditions had an amorphous character and no microcracks were observed on its surface. Besides this, the bath conditions obtained for depositing the alloy with the highest deposition efficiency were: 0.09 M iron sulfate, 0.30 M sodium tungstate and 0.50 M ammonium citrate. The alloy was deposited at 50% current efficiency, with an average composition of 34 wt% W, 66 wt% Fe and traces of boron. The alloy obtained had Ecorr -0.800 V and Rp 1.895 x 10³ Ohm cm². Electrochemical corrosion tests verified that the Fe-W-B alloy deposited under both conditions had better corrosion resistance than Fe-Mo-B.

Estudo da oxidação total do etanol usando óxidos tipo perovskita LaBO3 (B= Mn, Ni, Fe)

The present work investigated the effect of coprecipitation-oxidant synthesis on the specific surface area of perovskite-type oxides LaBO3 (B= Mn, Ni, Fe) for total oxidation of ethanol. The perovskite-type oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption (BET method), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTA), TPR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Through method involving the coprecipitation-oxidant was possible to obtain catalysts with different BET specific surface areas, of 33-51 m²/g. The results of the catalytic test confirmed that all oxides investigated in this work have specific catalytic activity for total oxidation of ethanol, though the temperatures for total conversion change for each transition metal.

Influência de M/C (M = Mo, Cu, Fe e W) incorporado à camada difusora do eletrodo de difusão de gás frente à reação de oxidação de hidrogênio na presença de CO

The performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) with Pt-based anodes is drastically lowered when CO-containing hydrogen is used to feed the system, because of the strong adsorption of CO on platinum. In the present work the effects of the presence of a conversion layer of CO to CO2 composed by several M/C materials (where M = Mo, Cu, Fe and W) in gas diffusion anodes formed by Pt catalysts were investigated. The diffusion layers formed by Mo/C e W/C show good CO-tolerance, and this was attributed to the CO removal by parallel occurrence of the water-gas shift reaction and the so-called bifunctional mechanism.

Estudo comparativo de métodos para a determinação da concentração de carbono em solos com altos teores de Fe (Latossolos)

Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Therefore, the amount of SOM is important for soil management for sustainable agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the amount of SOM in oxisols by different methods and compare them, using principal component analysis, regarding their limitations. The methods used in this work were Walkley-Black, elemental analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) and thermogravimetry. According to our results, TOC and elemental analysis were the most satisfactory methods for carbon quantification, due to their better accuracy and reproducibility.

Utilização de pelos de animais silvestres para monitoramento ambiental de Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb e Zn

This study investigates the use of wild animal hair of C. brachyurus, C. thous and L. pardalis as biomonitors of trace metal at Parque Nacional das Emas, Brazil. Results reveal a strong correlation between Cd and Pb as well as Cu and Zn, which suggests a single source of emission. Most metals showed a lower or equal concentration than those obtained in previous studies. The research shows that monitoring may be performed only with Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr because of statistical similarity and of a non-natural occurrence of large amounts of the material under analysis.

Nutrientes (K, P, Ca, Na, Mg e Fe) em sedimentos (solos aluviais) e cultivares (feijão e milho) de praias e barrancos de rios de água branca: a bacia do purus no estado do Acre, Brasil

The present research highlights the macronutrient abundance in the sediments of beaches and cliffs and cultivates in the river Purus and flowing, southwest of Amazon. The concentrations found in leaves and bean seeds and corn leaves reflect the mineralogical and chemical nature of those rich sediments in K2O and Na2O, which are formed by smectite, illite and K-feldspar. The factors of transfer of the elements in the corn leaves and bean (Ca>K>Na) and bean seeds (Na>K>Ca) demonstrate that the nutrient needs of the cultivate were found appropriately in the sediments (soils) of the beaches and cliffs.

Synthesis, characterization, DFT and Td-dfT study of the [Fe(mnt)(L)(t-BuNC) 2] octahedral complex (L = phen, bipy)

FeBr2 has reacted with an equivalent of mnt2- (mnt = cis-1,2-dicyanoethylene-1,2-dithiolate) and the α-diimine L (L = 1,10'-phenantroline, 2,2'-bipyridine) in THF solution, and followed by adding of t-butyl-isocyanide to give [Fe(mnt)(L)(t-BuNC)2] neutral compound. The products were characterized by infrared, UV-visible and Mössbauer spectroscopy, besides thermogravimetric and conductivity data. The geometry in the equilibrium was calculated by the density functional theory and the electronic spectrum by the time-dependent. The experimental and theoretical results in good agreement have defined an octahedral geometry with two isocyanide neighbours. The π→π* intraligand electronic transition was not observed for cis-isomers in the near-IR spectral region.

Desenvolvimento e aplicação de sistema passivo de coleta de poluentes atmosféricos para monitoramento de Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e particulados totais

The objective of this study was to assess a new monitoring technique of particulate and trace metals in the atmosphere via the use of a passive sampler of air pollutants in the city of Goiânia. The average particulate weight and average concentrations of metals Fe, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, and Cd were 0.1104 g and 257.5; 23.4; 17.8; 6.7; 1.9; 0.8; 0.2 μg/m²/day, respectively. Higher Pb and Cr concentrations were obtained in areas with intense traffic. This study revealed that it is possible to monitor trace metals with passive sampling, developed at a low cost and operational facility.

Rejeito de mineração de carvão como adsorvente para remoção da acidez, Fe (III), Al (III) e Mn (II) em drenagem ácida

This study aimed the use of coal mining waste as a new adsorbent for H3O+ and removal of Al (III), Fe (III) and Mn (II) from acid mine drainage. Data from kinetic and equilibrium of the adsorption of H3O+ followed the pseudo second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of H3O+ was 316 mmol kg-1. The adsorbent removed 100% of Al (III), 100% of Fe (III) and 89% of Mn (II), suggesting its use as an alternative for the treatment of acid mine drainage.

Fe (ii) adsorption on Ucides Cordatus crab shells

In this study Ucides cordatus crab shells were utilized as Fe (II) sorbent as material of low cost and simple preparation. Values of pH of standard solution, biosorbent mass, particles size, contact time (t c) and initial concentration of the standard solution were optimized. The best conditions were pH = 2.00, t c = 840 min and Mc = 0.25 g. The kinetic pseudo first-order model displayed the best description of the adsorption process and the equilibrium study showed that the Langmuir model better describes the adsorption of the Fe (II). There is great affinity between the Fe (II) and the biosorbent.

Aplicação de métodos quimiométricos na otimização da extração de Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu e Mn em folhas de braquiária

This work applied a 2² factorial design to the optimization of the extraction of seven elements (calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese) in brachiaria leaves, determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The factors sample mass and digestion type were evaluated at two levels: 200/500 mg, and dry/wet, respectively. Principal component analysis allowed simultaneous discrimination of all the significant effects in one biplot. Wet digestion and mass of 200 mg were considered the best conditions. The decrease of 60% in sample mass allowed to save costs and reagents. The method was validated through the estimation of figures of merit.

Synthesis and characterization of Fe(III)-piperazine-derived complexes encapsulated in zeolite Y

Zeolite-encapsulated complexes have been widely applied in hydrocarbon oxidation catalysis. The "ship-in-a-bottle" encapsulation of iron(III) complexes containing piperazine and piperazine-derivative ligands in zeolite-Y is described. The flexible ligand methodology was employed and the efficiency and reproducibility of the procedure was investigated. The catalysts were characterized employing several techniques and the results indicate the presence of coordinated and uncoordinated iron(III) ions inside and outside the zeolitic cage.

Determinação de Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e do teor de proteína total em amostras de trigo e soja após procedimento de extração sequencial

A sequential extraction procedure was applied to wheat and soybean seed samples. The total protein content (determined by two distinct methods: Bradford and bicinchoninic acid-BCA) and distribution of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in each fraction was determined. The sequential extraction employed four different solutions: water, 0.5 mol L-1 NaCl, ethanol/water (70:30 v v-1) and 0.5 mol L-1 NaOH. For both samples, the highest concentration of metals was observed in those extracts associated with globulin-type proteins using NaCl solution. Regarding protein content, higher levels were obtained using the BCA method.

Distribuição de Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu, Mn e Fe nas frações do sedimento superficial do Rio Cachoeira na região sul da Bahia, Brasil

The metal distribution in the surface sediment fractions of the Cachoeira River was evaluated based on the fractionation method using a five-step sequential extraction. The determination of metals was made by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (F AAS). Zn, Pb and Cu exhibit higher concentrations in the residual fraction of the sediment from sites that receive discharges from urban and industrial zones. High levels of Ni (60 ± 1 to 447 ± 9 µg L-1) were found in the river water, which may be detrimental to the "health" of rural communities that utilize the river water for domestic purposes without treatment.

Avaliação da mineralização de arroz em sistema de refluxo para a determinação de Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn por FAAS

This paper describes the evaluation of a new method of sample preparation using a cold finger system with continuous water flow for rice analysis by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The limits of detection for Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn for the proposed method were 0.36, 1.84, 2.12 and 0.16 mg kg-1, respectively. The RSDs were lower than 6.0% for all elements and the CRM analyzed showed values with 95% agreement. The proposed method is simple and safe for the proposed objective and does not require the use of mixtures of acid or special equipment for sample preparation.