Step-by-step of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy of the breast: review and technique

Ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy has high sensitivity in the diagnosis of breast cancer. The present study is aimed at detailing the main steps of such procedure, including indications, advantages, limitations, follow-up and description of the technique, besides presenting a checklist including the critical steps required for an appropriate practice of the technique. In the recent years, an increasing number of patients have required breast biopsy, indicating the necessity of a proportional increase in the number of skilled professionals to carry out the procedures and histological diagnoses. A multidisciplinary approach involving the tripod clinical practice-radiology-pathology is responsible for the highest rate of accuracy of the technique and must always be adopted.

Informações essenciais para a caracterização de um sistema de análise em fluxo

Essential aspects for characterization of a flow-based analytical procedure or system are discussed in order to permit the composition of a checklist that will lead to a protocol for reporting results and systems in flow analysis. Aspects more related to chromatographic procedures are not considered. The intent is to present normalized proposals in the field of flow analysis for practitioners and developers.

Simulação in Situ, uma Metodologia de Treinamento Multidisciplinar para Identificar Oportunidades de Melhoria na Segurança do Paciente em uma Unidade de Alto Risco

Introdução A simulação é uma metodologia usada para substituir ou amplificar experiências reais por experiências guiadas que evocam ou replicam aspectos do mundo real de maneira interativa. A simulação in situ leva essa técnica diretamente aos locais onde ocorrem atendimentos, com a própria equipe de saúde atuando em seu ambiente de trabalho em cenário simulado. Objetivo Descrever experiência piloto de simulação in situ realizada em unidade de pronto atendimento, destacando oportunidades de avaliação de sistema de atendimento, trabalho em equipe e detecção de ameaças latentes à segurança (ALS). Métodos Estudo aplicado na Unidade Ibirapuera do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein e realizado pelo Centro de Simulação Realística Albert Einstein. Foi apresentado cenário de paciente de 45 anos com síndrome coronariana aguda que evolui para parada cardiorrespiratória. Simulação híbrida de 30 minutos com uso de ator e simulador de alta fidelidade (SimMan 3G®).Utilizado checklist e filmagem para avaliar habilidades e atitudes, usados em debriefing estruturado com uma hora de duração. Resultados A experiência proporcionou avaliação técnica, comportamental e sistemas. Detectou quatro ALS e permitiu reflexão guiada sobre trabalho em equipe. Conclusão Este piloto contribuiu para o alcance dos objetivos propostos com o cenário e demonstrou oportunidades de treinamento e melhoria. A simulação in situ pode ser usada no futuro sistematicamente para treinamento contínuo de equipes, visando à melhoria da qualidade de atendimento e à segurança do paciente.

Avaliação dos riscos de acidentes em atividades de poda de árvores na arborização urbana do distrito federal

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar os riscos de acidentes em atividades de poda de árvores na arborização urbana do Distrito Federal. A coleta de dados foi feita com a aplicação de um questionário em forma de entrevista individual. Responderam ao questionário 94% dos funcionários, sendo 92% do total dos operadores de motosserra e 95% do total de auxiliares. Além disso, foi realizada uma avaliação qualitativa do risco de acidentes nas máquinas e equipamentos de poda e nos veículos de transporte dos trabalhadores, com a aplicação de um "checklist". De acordo com os resultados, para a maioria dos operadores de motosserra (78,3%), os equipamentos de proteção individual eram importantes e já os protegeram contra acidentes. Com relação ao índice de acidentes, 56,5% dos operadores de motosserra afirmaram que sofreram algum tipo de acidente na empresa, e 65,2% desses já presenciaram acidente no trabalho. Entre os auxiliares, 87,2% responderam que o uso de equipamentos de proteção individual já evitou a ocorrência de acidentes no trabalho, 30,8% disseram que sofreram acidente decorrente da atividade de poda e 48,7% presenciaram acidentes no trabalho. Quanto aos equipamentos avaliados, todas as motosserras estavam em bom estado de conservação e possuíam sistema de segurança adequado. A maioria dos baús adaptados para o transporte dos trabalhadores sobre os caminhões apresentava má distribuição e insuficiência de janelas de ventilação. Os assentos tinham pouca inclinação para a coluna, e os cintos de segurança de duas pontas estavam mal fixados. Para um melhor desenvolvimento do trabalho, recomendam-se melhorar e facilitar o fornecimento dos equipamentos de proteção individual aos trabalhadores, oferecer cursos de aperfeiçoamento de técnicas de segurança no trabalho e treinamento aos recém-admitidos e melhorar o veículo de transporte dos trabalhadores, tanto no quesito segurança quanto no quesito conforto.

Avaliação qualitativa de impactos ambientais considerando as etapas de limpeza e preparo do terreno em plantios florestais no Nordeste paraense

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da avaliação qualitativa de impactos ambientais na etapa de implantação florestal, considerando-se as atividades de limpeza e preparo do terreno, por meio da aplicação dos métodos de matriz de identificação e interação de impactos, da lista descritiva (checklist) e da combinação/ponderação de atributos. Tal avaliação foi feita com base na identificação e caracterização qualitativa dos impactos ambientais, cujas metodologias possibilitaram a visualização rápida e hierarquizada dos impactos. Através dessa matriz, evidenciaram-se 348 possíveis relações de impactos (capacidade total da matriz), das quais 304 (87,6%) foram identificadas, em que 209 impactos (60,05%) recaíram sobre o meio biofísico e 95 (27,31%) sobre o meio socioeconômico. Dos 209 impactos no meio biofísico, todos apresentaram valor negativo, evidenciando-se ser esse o compartimento ambiental mais impactado negativamente quando da realização das atividades de limpeza e preparo do terreno. Já, dos 95 impactos no meio socioeconômico, 72 (75,78%) foram de valor positivo e 23 (24,21%) de valor negativo, demonstrando que o meio socioeconômico é o compartimento ambiental mais afetado positivamente por ocasião da realização das atividades. Foram identificados os impactos ambientais positivos e negativos mais significantes que, com a combinação/ponderação de atributos, mostraram ser, em sua maioria, de significância média local e regional. Todos os impactos evidenciados apresentaram temporalidade no curto prazo, evidenciando estarem sobre o alcance quanto ao diagnóstico e gestão ambiental adequados. Os resultados contribuem e reafirmam a necessidade de se instituir o processo de avaliação de impactos ambientais na rotina técnico-administrativa da empresa como instrumento de gestão ambiental.

Asteraceae do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Uma listagem das espécies da família Asteraceae foi realizada no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, situado no sudoeste do estado de Minas Gerais, entre fevereiro de 1994 a janeiro de 1998. Os exemplares coletados encontram-se depositados no herbário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais (HUFU). Na Serra da Canastra, a família Asteraceae é a mais diversa em número de espécies com um total de 215 espécies, pertencentes a 66 gêneros e 11 tribos. As 27 espécies novas que foram descobertas pertencem a gêneros anteriormente monotípicos ou com poucas espécies, tais como Xerxes, Hololepis, Pseudobrickellia e Inulopsis, ou a vários gêneros com um grande número de espécies, tais como Lessingianthus, Chromolaena, Stevia, Mikania, Aspilia, Calea e Senecio. Este levantamento possui o maior número de espécies da família quando comparado com outras localidades no Brasil.

Floristic diversity of two crystalline rocky outcrops in the Brazilian northeast semi-arid region

Floristic composition and structure of vegetation were studied in two rocky outcrop areas in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil. From April 2007 to September 2008, 18 monthly field trips were carried out. Vascular plants were randomly collected throughout the outcrop areas. For structural analysis, 30 plots of 1 × 1 m were set in the vegetation islands. The checklist presented combines 211 species (69 families and 168 genera), although only 56 species were collected in the plots. Fabaceae (18 spp.; 8.5%), Asteraceae (17 spp.; 8%), Orchidaceae (13 spp.; 6.1%), Euphorbiaceae (13 spp.; 6.1%), Bromeliaceae (10 spp.; 4.7%), and Poaceae (eight spp.; 3.8%) are the richest families. Overall, 1,792 shrub and herbaceous specimens were counted in the plots. The Shannon-Wiener (H) diversity index values were 2.572 and 2.547 nats individual-1. The species that presented the highest absolute abundance values (number of plants) had low frequencies in the plots and vice-versa. The biological spectrum had a high proportion of phanerophytes and therophytes, followed by cryptophytes, chamaephytes, and hemicryptophytes. The studied flora shares floristic components similar to other rocky outcrop areas of the semi-arid region in northeastern Brazil, including in relation to dominant groups in the vegetation structure.

An empirical comparison of atypical bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder

The International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) defines atypical bulimia nervosa (ABN) as an eating disorder that encompasses several different syndromes, including the DSM-IV binge eating disorder (BED). We investigated whether patients with BED can be differentiated clinically from patients with ABN who do not meet criteria for BED. Fifty-three obese patients were examined using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV and the ICD-10 criteria for eating disorders. All volunteers completed the Binge Eating Scale (BES), the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Individuals fulfilling criteria for both ABN and BED (N = 18), ABN without BED (N = 16), and obese controls (N = 19) were compared and contrasted. Patients with ABN and BED and patients with ABN without BED displayed similar levels of binge eating severity according to the BES (31.05 ± 7.7 and 30.05 ± 5.5, respectively), which were significantly higher than those found in the obese controls (18.32 ± 8.7; P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). When compared to patients with ABN and BED, patients with ABN without BED showed increased lifetime rates of agoraphobia (P = 0.02) and increased scores in the somatization (1.97 ± 0.85 vs 1.02 ± 0.68; P = 0.001), obsessive-compulsive (2.10 ± 1.03 vs 1.22 ± 0.88; P = 0.01), anxiety (1.70 ± 0.82 vs 1.02 ± 0.72; P = 0.02), anger (1.41 ± 1.03 vs 0.59 ± 0.54; P = 0.005) and psychoticism (1.49 ± 0.93 vs 0.75 ± 0.55; P = 0.01) dimensions of the SCL-90. The BED construct may represent a subgroup of ABN with less comorbities and associated symptoms.

Gender-related pathways for behavior problems in the offspring of alcoholic fathers

The objective of the present study was to examine gender differences in the influence of paternal alcoholism on children's social-emotional development and to determine whether paternal alcoholism is associated with a greater number of externalizing symptoms in the male offspring. From the Mannheim Study of Risk Children, an ongoing longitudinal study of a high-risk population, the developmental data of 219 children [193 (95 boys and 98 girls) of non-alcoholic fathers, non-COAs, and 26 (14 boys, 12 girls) of alcoholic fathers, COAs] were analyzed from birth to the age of 11 years. Paternal alcoholism was defined according to the ICD-10 categories of alcohol dependence and harmful use. Socio-demographic data, cognitive development, number and severity of behavior problems, and gender-related differences in the rates of externalizing and internalizing symptoms were assessed using standardized instruments (IQ tests, Child Behavior Checklist questionnaire and diagnostic interviews). The general linear model analysis revealed a significant overall effect of paternal alcoholism on the number of child psychiatric problems (F = 21.872, d.f. = 1.217, P < 0.001). Beginning at age 2, significantly higher numbers of externalizing symptoms were observed among COAs. In female COAs, a pattern similar to that of the male COAs emerged, with the predominance of delinquent and aggressive behavior. Unlike male COAs, females showed an increase of internalizing symptoms up to age 11 years. Of these, somatic complaints revealed the strongest discriminating effect in 11-year-old females. Children of alcoholic fathers are at high risk for psychopathology. Gender-related differences seem to exist and may contribute to different phenotypes during development from early childhood to adolescence.

Hygienic-sanitary working practices and implementation of a Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan in lobster processing industries

This study aimed to verify the hygienic-sanitary working practices and to create and implement a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) in two lobster processing industries in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The industries studied process frozen whole lobsters, frozen whole cooked lobsters, and frozen lobster tails for exportation. The application of the hygienic-sanitary checklist in the industries analyzed achieved conformity rates over 96% to the aspects evaluated. The use of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan resulted in the detection of two critical control points (CCPs) including the receiving and classification steps in the processing of frozen lobster and frozen lobster tails, and an additional critical control point (CCP) was detected during the cooking step of processing of the whole frozen cooked lobster. The proper implementation of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) plan in the lobster processing industries studied proved to be the safest and most cost-effective method to monitor each critical control point (CCP) hazards.

Evaluation of hygienic-sanitary conditions of hospital nutrition and dietary services from the perspectives of internal and external auditors

The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of hospital nutrition and dietary services using external and internal auditors. Eleven hospitals were evaluated for their nutrition and dietary services using an evaluation checklist based on food safety requirements in the current legislation. The checklist was applied by an internal auditor (a technical supervisor) and an external auditor (a professional with experience in food services) between August and October 2011. According to the number of items on the evaluation checklist that were considered adequate, the hospital facilities were ranked as excellent, good, regular, bad, or very bad. The results obtained by the auditors were compared. According to these results, it can be said that most of the hospital nutrition and dietary services were rated as good for overall quality by the internal auditor, while the external auditor classified them as Regular. There was a clear difference between the evaluations of the auditors, both in terms of the number of items considered adequate and the overall requirements' average score. It can be concluded that hospital nutrition and dietary services should meet safety requirements in order to provide food. These facilities should have external audits conducted as a way to prevent routine problems from being perpetuated.

Profile of establishments in the supermarket sector with respect to good practices in the city of Santa Maria (RS), Brazil

The objective of this study was to verify the compliance of the supermarket sector with respect to the Good Practice Program standards of the city of Santa Maria (RS), Brazil. Sixty nine establishments were verified using a checklist of good practices for the supermarket sector in Santa Maria, RS (Brazil), from April to July 2011. The data were collected by a food safety and quality professional using this checklist. The results showed that the overall adequacy of the establishments surveyed was 29.07%. The highest percentage of compliance was found for storage at ambient temperature (64.13%). The lowest compliance percentage was also found in different sections and areas in the supermarkets such as bakery and confectionery (14.93%), water supply (18.30%), food handling (21.01%), sausage and cold meat (or deli meat) (36.38%), and documentation-related items (4.97%). None of the supermarkets evaluated had the necessary documentation for the implementation of good practices. The results of this study show the importance of effectively implementing a good practice program and quality systems by raising awareness among technicians and professionals of the importance of quality programs used in food companies and the need for more thorough inspection delivered by competent authorities to ensure food safety for consumers.

Microbiological quality of meals served in nursing homes in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the microbiological quality of meals served in nursing homes in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná, before and after the training of food handlers. The first stage was to perform a checklist conforming with current legislation. The second consisted of the collection of 4 food samples from each location and a microbiological investigation in accordance with the relevant legislation. The third was the training of food handlers in relation to good food handling practices. The fourth was a further microbiological analysis of new samples. The application of a checklist showed that the locations met the requirements of current legislation. Of the 40 samples analyzed, 17.5% (7 samples) were unfit for consumption. Among the unfit samples 15% (6 samples) had coliforms at 45 °C, 2.5% (1 sample) had coagulase-positive staphylococci, 2.5% (1 sample) had Bacillus cereus and 2.5% (1 sample) had Salmonella sp. The results of this study show the importance of controlling the quality of food served to an age group that is prone to health risks.