Two new species of Lachesilla in species groups riegeli and forcepeta (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Lachesillidae), from the state of Bahia, Brazil

Two new species of Lachesilla in species groups riegeli and forcepeta (Psocodea, 'Psocoptera', Lachesillidae), from the state of Bahia, Brazil.Two new species of Lachesilla from the Brazilian state of Bahia are here described and illustrated. Lachesilla cladoclaspers sp. nov., in species group riegeli, was collected in the Chapada Diamantina, Lachesilla nilopecanhensis sp. nov., in species group forcepeta, was collected in Nilo Peçanha, southern Bahia.

Comportamiento fisiológico de la pera variedad Triunfo de Viena (Pyrus communis L.) durante el período poscosecha

La pera variedad Triunfo de Viena es una fruta producida en Colombia y actualmente no se dispone de una red de frío para su manejo poscosecha. El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer el comportamiento fisiológico de la pera variedad Triunfo de Viena en tres condiciones de temperatura y humedad relativa: 3ºC y 85%, 11ºC y 80%, 18ºC y 75%. La pera variedad Triunfo de Viena es un fruto climatérico, cuyo punto de máxima intensidad respiratoria puede desplazarse en el tiempo dependiendo de las condiciones de almacenamiento. Para las condiciones estudiadas, el climaterio se presentó en el día 22 (35,87 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1), en el día 36 (28,59 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1) y en el día 93 (15,72 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1) del almacenamiento, para las temperaturas de 18ºC, 11ºC y 3ºC respectivamente. La pérdida de peso presentó una relación lineal y directa respecto al tiempo de almacenamiento, siendo mayor con temperaturas de 18ºC y 11ºC. La acidez titulable y el pH no presentan grandes variaciones durante el almacenamiento. La intensidad respiratoria, la pérdida de peso, la relación SST/AT y la firmeza de la pulpa, son las características que representan mejor la evolución de la madurez de las peras variedad Triunfo de Viena.

Estudio de algunas propiedades físicas y fisiológicas precosecha de la pera variedad Triunfo de Viena

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue establecer algunas propiedades físicas y fisiológicas de desarrollo de la pera (Pyrus communis L.) variedad Triunfo de Viena, producida bajo las condiciones ecuatoriales del clima frío, en los Andes Colombianos. El crecimiento y propiedades de la fruta fueron evaluados en intervalos de 30 días, desde la floración. Las propiedades estudiadas fueron el peso, tamaño de la fruta, firmeza de la pulpa, concentración de sólidos solubles, pH, acidez titulable (% ácido málico) e intensidad respiratoria. La concentración de sólidos solubles y el pH no son propiedades sensibles para determinar el momento apropiado de la cosecha, al presentar valores constantes y de baja dispersión. El fruto presenta forma esférica y su área superficial es función directa del peso de la fruta. La firmeza de la pulpa, la acidez titulable (AT) y la intensidad respiratoria, decrecen en la medida que se desarrolla la pera, presentando valores en el momento de la cosecha de 67,82 N para la firmeza, acidez titulable de 0,24% e intensidad respiratoria de 29,60 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1. Los sólidos solubles (SS) y la relación SS/AT se incrementan en la medida que el fruto va madurando. En el momento de la cosecha los frutos presentan un valor de SS de 12,0ºBrix, una relación SS/AT de 49,36 y un pH de 3,94.

Estudio de algunas propiedades fisicas y fisiológicas precosecha de la ciruela variedad horvin

El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar algunas propiedades físicas y fisiológicas de la ciruela variedad Horvin, durante el periodo precosecha, cuyo conocimiento es indispensable para la determinación del momento oportuno de recolección, lo cual permitirá reducir las pérdidas que se presentan de este producto durante la cosecha, debido a su deficiente manejo. El estudio permitió determinar que la ciruela variedad Horvin debe recolectarse 99 días después de la floración, en cuyo momento presentó valores medios de firmeza de 50,66 N, acidez titulable de 0,78%, sólidos solubles de 11,8 ºBrix, intensidad respiratoria de 19,64 mg CO2 kg-1 h-1 y relación de madurez (SS/AT) de 15,25. La ciruela variedad Horvin en el momento de la recolección, presentó un tamaño medio de 30,59 mm, peso de 22,44 g, esfericidad y redondez de 0,84 y 0,85 respectivamente, densidad real de 1095,65 kg.m-3, densidad aparente de 572,70 kg.m-3, porosidad de 49,89% y área superficial de 32,79 cm².

Atualidades e perspectivas das Anonáceas no mundo

Várias espécies da família Annonaceae produzem frutos comestíveis cultivados em pomares comerciais ou coletados de forma extrativista, em diversas partes do mundo. O gênero Annona possui elevado número de espécies nativas, no entanto poucas produzem frutos comestíveis. Algumas são cultivadas comercialmente, outras são obtidas de forma extrativista. As principais anonáceas cultivadas no mundo são: Annona muricata, Annona squamosa e Annona cherimola, com destaque também para a atemoia (híbrido entre A. squamosa x A. cherimola). Economicamente, são importantes para muitos países da África, Ásia e também da América Central, do Norte e do Sul. Os principais países produtores são: Austrália, Chile, Espanha, Estados Unidos, Nova Zelândia e Israel para cherimólia; México, Brasil, Venezuela e Costa Rica para graviola; e Índia, Brasil, Tailândia, Filipinas e Cuba para pinha. A produtividade de frutos das anonáceas nos diversos países produtores é relativamente baixa, em função do uso inadequado de técnicas de manejo (irrigação, fertilização, podas, polinização, controle de insetos e enfermidades, etc.). No Brasil, os cultivos comerciais mais relevantes com anonáceas são: pinha (A. squamosa L.), graviola (A. muricata L.) e atemoia. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a situação atual e as perspectivas para as anonáceas no Brasil e no mundo. O cultivo é caracteristicamente de pequenos agricultores, usando especialmente a mão de obra familiar. De um modo geral, esses cultivos apresentam relevância socioeconômica nos países que possuem produção comercial pela geração de emprego e renda, e vêm, recentemente, ganhando importância no mercado mundial, dada sua condição de fruta exótica e pela sua qualidade, dentre as quais o valor nutracêutico (vitaminas, antioxidantes e outras propriedades funcionais). A expansão do consumo e sua maior relevância no mercado mundial dependem de ações relativas à divulgação do produto por meio de um programa de marketing, demonstrando suas qualidades nutricionais e funcionais para a saúde dos consumidores.

Substitutos do " novo" mundo para as antigas plantas raras: um estudo de caso dos bálsamos

Convinced that the " true balsam" was lost forever, Conrad Gesner described other substances with similar healing virtues. However, he was not the only one in the 16th to search for other varieties of balsamic oleoresins. The arrival of the Europeans to the Americas allowed the finding of native plants with properties similar to those of the original balsam, including Balsam of Peru, Balsam of Tolu and particularly in the Brazilian area, Balsam of Copaiba. Focusing on the Brazilian context, this paper analyzes two different moments in the transit of the newly found varieties of balsams to the pharmacopeia and materia medica.

Caracterización de la biomasa inactiva de Aspergillus niger O-5 como sorbente de Pb (II)

The inactive biomass of fungus Aspergillus niger O-5 obtained in Cuba was characterized as sorbent of Pb2+ by several structural analysis and others techniques. In addition, the biomass was studied for the separation / preconcentration of Pb2+ from aqueous solution. The maximum biosorption capacity was obtained for the contact time of 30 min and pH 5. The kinetic of sorption process occurred according to the model of Ho. The Freundlich or Langmuir models suitably described the experimental adsorption isotherms. The biomass can be used as sorbent for Pb2+ with a maximum capacity of 4.7 - 6.2 mg g-1. The pretreatment with NaOH solution improved its sorption capacity.

Comparison of USEPA 3050B and ISO 14869-1: 2001 digestion methods for sediment analysis by using FAAS and ICP-OES quantification techniques

A study of the partial USEPA 3050B and total ISO 14869-1:2001 digestion methods of sediments was performed. USEPA 3050B was recommended as the simpler method with less operational risk. However, the extraction ability of the method should be taken in account for the best environmental interpretation of the results. FAAS was used to quantify metal concentrations in sediment solutions. The alternative use of ICP-OES quantification should be conditioned by a previous detailed investigation and eventual correction of the matrix effect. For the first time, the EID method was employed for the detection and correction of the matrix effect in sediment ICP-OES analysis. Finally, some considerations were made about the level of metal contamination in the area under study.

Estudio de la contaminación por metales en sedimentos acuáticos de la Bahía de Matanzas

Surface sediments of the Bay of Matanzas (Cuba) were studied to assess its environmental quality by using several criteria (metal content index, pollution load index and sediment quality guidelines). Two partial digestion sediment procedures and a modified BCR sequential extraction were used. The concentrations of metals were measured by atomic spectroscopy methods. The founded contents of Cu (2,4-27,9 mg kg-1), Zn (2,5-55,5 mg kg-1) and Ni (8,8-99,2 mg kg-1) were below those reported by other authors. The results obtained suggested that the most polluted sites were 3, 5, and 6. The sequential extraction procedure showed that most of the studied metals were associated to the more stable fractions.

Estudio hidrofóbico de soluciones acuosas diluidas de isómeros de pentanodiol a varias temperaturas a partir de datos volumétricos

Density of dilute aqueous solutions of 1,2 pentanediol, 2,4 pentanediol, 1,4 pentanediol and 1,5 pentanediol at 283.15, 288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K in the concentration range 0.0000 to 0.0060 in mole fraction were determined by using Wood-Brusie type capillary neck pycnometers. The solute partial molar volume as a function of solute concentration for each system was correlated with a linear equation for each temperature to estimate the slope limit and the partial molar volume at infinite dilution, and the predominant hydrophilic-hydrophobic effect was found in this region.

Interacciones de la glicina en soluciones acuosas de tetrafluoroborato de 1-butil, 3-metilimidazolio a diferentes temperaturas

Densities of glycine in aqueous solutions of ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate were determined at temperatures ranging from 283.15 to 313.15 K. The apparent molar volume, infinite dilution apparent molar volume, second derivative of the infinite dilution partial molar volume with respect to temperature, partial molar volume of transfer at infinite dilution, and the number of hydration were determined. It was found that the apparent molar volume at infinite dilution was positive, but decreased with increasing ionic liquid concentration and increased with increasing temperature. On the other hand, the partial molar volume of transfer at infinite dilution behaved in a similar manner, but was negative.

APLICAÇÃO DE ÓXIDOS DE FERRO NANOESTRUTURADOS COMO ADSORVENTES E FOTOCATALISADORES NA REMOÇÃO DE POLUENTES DE ÁGUAS RESIDUAIS

New techniques for treating wastewater, particularly the removal or degradation of organic pollutants and heavy metals, among other pollutants, have been extensively studied. The use of nanostructured iron oxides as adsorbent and photocatalyst for the removal of these contaminants has proved a promising approach, not only because of their high treatment efficiency, but also for their cost-effectiveness, having the flexibility for in situ and ex situ applications. In this review, we briefly introduced the most used kinds of iron oxide nanoparticles, some synthesis techniques for iron oxide nanostructure formation, their potential benefits in environmental clean-up, and their recent advances and applications in wastewater treatment. These advances range from the direct applications of synthesized nanoparticles as adsorbents for removing toxic contaminants or as catalysts to oxidize and break down noxious contaminants (including bacteria and viruses) in wastewater, to integrating nanoparticles into conventional treatment technologies, such as composite photocatalytic filters (membranes, sand and ceramic) that combine separation technology with photocatalytic activity. Finally, the impact of nanoparticles on the environment and human health is briefly discussed.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY OF Roldana platanifolia

The chemical study of Roldana platanifolia led to the isolation of β-caryophyllene, five eremophilanolides, chlorogenic acid, and a mixture of β-sitosterol-stigmasterol, β-sitosteryl glucopyranoside, and sucrose. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts and isolated products were tested using the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) model of induced acute inflammation. The acetone and methanol extracts showed dose dependent activities (ID50 0.21 and 0.32 mg/ear, respectively), while none of the isolated compounds exhibited relevant edema inhibition. The active extracts were also evaluated with the myeloperoxidase assay technique (MPO) to determine their ability to prevent neutrophil infiltration. Results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity was related to the compound’s ability to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators such as neutrophils.

JUSTIFYING LIBERAL RETRIBUTIVE JUSTICE: PUNISHMENT, CRIMINALIZATION, AND HOLISTIC RETRIBUTIVISM

ABSTRACT In this article I explore whether liberal retributive justice should be conceived of either individualistically or holistically. I critically examine the individualistic account of retributive justice and suggest that the question of retribution – i.e., whether and when punishment of an individual is compatible with just treatment of that individual – must be answered holistically. By resorting to the ideal of sensitive reasons, a model of legitimacy at the basis of our best normative models of democracy, the article argues that in modern liberal democracies, punishment of an offender A for f is compatible with just treatment of A only if punishment of an individual for f can be legitimate in A's and A's fellow citizens' eyes. Only once retributive justice is understood in this holistic fashion the imposition of punishment can be made compatible with just treatment of individuals.

Evolución el añublo del arroz en dos condiciones de fertilidad nitrogenada

Con el objetivo de evaluar la evolución de la infección producida por Pyricularia oryzae (cooke) Sacc, en la hoja y en la panícula, fueron seleccionados tres genotipos de arroz (Oryza sativa). Los genotipos: El Paso 144 (EP), Don Ignacio (DI) y H 316-1-2-1-1 (H 316) fueron sembrados en condiciones de campo, en la Estación Experimental La Plata, y en dos condiciones de disponibilidad de nitrógeno (testigo o sin nitrógeno y 150 kg N ha-1 en forma de urea). El hongo fue inoculado en la tercera hoja, con una mezcla de razas, a una concentración de 1,2 x 10(5) fragmentos de hifa/ml, incubándose durante 48 horas en cámara húmeda. Fueron evaluados la severidad y tipo de mancha en la hoja y la severidad e incidencia en la panícula. Se realizó el ANOVA, y las diferencias estadísticas fueron analizadas a través del test Tukey (p<0,05). Fueron aplicados modelos Log-lineares para datos no paramétricos. No se observó interacción entre genotipo y fertilización, en las hojas, en los estadios de primer perfilo (M) y diferenciación (D). La fertilización aumentó la severidad en las hojas. El coeficiente de correlación entre el tipo de mancha y el porcentaje de severidad en la hoja fue elevado. Fue observada interacción entre genotipo y fertilización en los valores de severidad en la panícula, los mismos que disminuyeron con la fertilización en los genotipos EP y DI, pero no presentaron diferencias en H 316.