Stability studies and shelf life estimation of a soy-based dessert

This work is aimed at evaluating the physicochemical, physical, chromatic, microbiological, and sensorial stability of a non-dairy dessert elaborated with soy, guava juice, and oligofructose for 60 days at refrigerated storage as well as to estimate its shelf life time. The titrable acidity, pH, instrumental color, water activity, ascorbic acid, and physical stability were measured. Panelists (n = 50) from the campus community used a hedonic scale to assess the acceptance, purchase intent, creaminess, flavor, taste, acidity, color, and overall appearance of the dessert during 60 days. The data showed that the parameters differed significantly (p < 0.05) from the initial time, and they could be fitted in mathematical equations with coefficient of determination above 71%, aiming to consider them suitable for prediction purposes. Creaminess and acceptance did not differ statistically in the 60-day period; taste, flavor, and acidity kept a suitable hedonic score during storage. Notwithstanding, the sample showed good physical stability against gravity and presented more than 15% of the Brazilian Daily Recommended Value of copper, iron, and ascorbic acid. The product shelf life estimation found was 79 days considering the overall acceptance, acceptance index and purchase intent.

Microbiological and physicochemical evaluations of juice extracted from different parts of sugar cane stalks from three varieties cultivated under organic management

The artisanal production of cachaça, a beverage obtained by the fermentation of sugar cane juice after distillation, especially by small-sized producers, has traditionally used natural ferment ("fermento caipira") which consists of sugar cane juice with crushed corn, powdered rice, or citrus fruits. In despite of the difficulties in quality control due to the high level of contaminants and longer periods of preparation, the sensorial quality of the beverage may be attributed to the physiological activities of wild yeasts and even bacteria present during fermentation when this ferment is used. In this context, the aim here was to evaluate the microbiological (yeasts) and physicochemical characteristics of sugar cane juice extracted from different parts of three different varieties (RB72454, RB835486, and RB867515) of the cane stalk (lower, medium, and upper sections) in three harvesting periods (from May to December 2007) in an area under organic management. The juice from the upper section (from the eleventh internode to the top) of the sugar cane stalk could be indicated for the preparation of the natural ferment since it is as a source of yeasts and reducing sugars, especially the variety RB867515. Due to the seasonality, the best period for using this part of the sugar cane stalk is at the beginning of harvesting when the phenolic compounds are at low concentration, but there are higher number of Saccharomyces population and other yeast species. The high acidity in this section of the plant could result in a better control of bacterial contamination. These findings explain the traditional instructions of adding the upper sections for the preparation of natural ferment and can help its management in order to get a better performance with respect to organic cachaça production.

Qualidade pós-colheita do tomate de mesa convencional e orgânico

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de tomate de mesa de diferentes sistemas de cultivos. As amostras de tomate convencional, cv. Raísa (LV), e orgânico, cv. Santa Clara, foram mantidas a uma temperatura de 23,5 ± 2 ºC, com UR de 74% ± 5 e submetidas a análise da massa, peso específico, cinzas, sólidos totais, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável total, relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez titulável total, pH, vitamina C, Salmonella spp., coliformes totais, coliformes fecais, bolores e leveduras e análise sensorial, que foi realizada pela Análise Descritiva Quantitativa - ADQ. O tempo de armazenagem foi de 13 e 14 dias para o tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional e orgânico, respectivamente. O tempo de armazenagem foi de 13 e 14 dias para o tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional e orgânico, respectivamente. A perda de massa foi significativamente inferior (3,74%) no tomate convencional. Ambas as amostras apresentaram similar comportamento na análise física, química sensorial e microbiológica nos estádios de maturação

Using Computational Fluid-Dynamics (CFD) for the evaluation of beer pasteurization: effect of orientation of cans

In-package pasteurization is the most used method for beer microbiological stabilization. The search for safer and better quality food has created a need to better understand the processes involved in producing it. However, little is known about the temperature and velocity profiles during the thermal processes of liquid foods in commercial packaging, which results in over-dimensioned processes to guarantee safety, decreasing the sensorial and nutritional characteristics of the product and increasing process costs. Simulations using Computational Fluid-Dynamics (CFD) have been used by various authors to evaluate those processes. The objective of the present paper was to evaluate the effect of packaging orientation in the pasteurization of beer in a commercial aluminum can using CFD. A heating process was simulated at 60 ºC up to 15 PUs (a conventional beer process, in which 1 Pasteurization Unit (PU) is equivalent to 1minute at 60 ºC). The temperature profile and convection current velocity along the process and the variation of the PUs were evaluated in relation to time considering the cans in the conventional, inverted, and horizontal positions. The temperature and velocity profiles were similar to those presented in the literature. The package position did not result in process improvement.

Desenvolvimento de uma massa funcional pronta para tortas utilizando o método de Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD)

Grande parte das indústrias alimentícias no Brasil tem encontrado na inovação de produtos a chave para a sobrevivência no mercado. Uma forte tendência é o lançamento de produtos que, além da alta qualidade sensorial e nutricional, apresentem benefícios associados à saúde, os denominados alimentos funcionais. Dentre os funcionais, se encontram os ingredientes prebióticos, que, quando presentes na dieta, estimulam seletivamente o crescimento e a atividade de espécies bacterianas promotoras da saúde do organismo. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver uma massa funcional pronta para tortas, utilizando-se como prebiótico, a inulina. O desenvolvimento desse produto foi baseado na ferramenta QFD (Desdobramento da Função Qualidade), sendo esta apontada como meio de organizar o desenvolvimento de novos produtos principalmente no nível de protótipos. Para tal desenvolvimento, pesquisas, testes e análises sugeridas pelo QFD foram realizados. De acordo com os resultados da matriz da qualidade obtida, concluiu-se que as características que os consumidores atribuem como de maior importância para a massa são: ser funcional, não quebrar, ter sabor neutro e ter diâmetro e espessura uniformes. Consequentemente, estas foram priorizadas no desenvolvimento do produto. A análise sensorial indicou que os provadores gostaram muito de todos os atributos de qualidade da massa. Por outro lado, o QFD mostrou-se eficaz no sentido de direcionar, de forma prática, a maneira de planejar e conduzir as atividades necessárias ao processo de desenvolvimento do produto.

Queijo tipo minas frescal com derivados de soja: características físicas, químicas e sensoriais

Nove provadores selecionados e treinados avaliaram a aparência, aroma, sabor e textura de três formulações de queijo tipo minas frescal (tradicional, com extrato hidrossolúvel de soja em pó (PS-60) e coalho bovino e com PS-60 e coagulante microbiano). O queijo tradicional caracterizou-se pela aparência de umidade e de sabor coalhada. O queijo com PS-60 elaborado com coalho bovino apresentou cor creme e gosto amargo e a amostra com coagulante microbiano mostrou maior aroma soja. As caracterizações instrumentais das três formulações de queijo foram desenvolvidas através da análise do perfil de textura (TPA) utilizando um texturômetro TA-XT2i Stable Micro System e, para a análise de cor, utilizou-se um aplicativo computacional e escâner. Com relação à textura, o queijo minas frescal tradicional e o queijo produzido com PS-60 e coalho bovino caracterizaram-se mais duros; o queijo tradicional apresentou maiores valores nos parâmetros de fraturabilidade, coesividade e mastigabilidade e os queijos tradicional e aquele formulado com PS-60 e coagulante microbiano -apresentaram-se mais elásticos. Em relação à cor, o queijo tradicional apresentou cor branca amarelo-esverdeada mais intensa. A aceitação das amostras foi avaliada por cem provadores não treinados, utilizando-se escala hedônica estruturada de sete pontos. Os queijos formulados com PS-60 apresentaram 88% de aceitação.

Psychophysical estimation of acid intensity and determination of sweet-acid interaction in a fish paste containing glycerol

In a fish paste made with cooked Brazilian flathead (Percophis brasiliensis), glycerol (17%), sodium chloride (1.5%) and potassium sorbate (0.1%) the following acid percentages: 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8, 1 and 1.5% w/w were incorporated to determine the relationship between added acetic acid and the sensorially perceived intensity, and the effects of the combination of sweet-acid tastes. Tests for paired comparison, ranking and structured verbal scales for sweet and acid attributes and psychophysical test were carried out. There was a perceptible difference among samples for differences of 0.4 units of acid concentration. Samples indicated as sweeter by 89.47% of the judges were those containing a lesser acid concentration. A reduction in glycerol sweetness when increasing acid levels was observed. Acetic acid reduced the sweetness of glycerol and inversely glycerol reduced the acidity of acetic acid. The data obtained with the magnitude estimation test agree with Steven's law.

Disponibilidade de cálcio em leite bovino tratado por raios gama

O leite bovino é um alimento de grande importância com fonte de cálcio e proteínas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar os efeitos da radiação gama proveniente do 60Co sobre a disponibilidade de cálcio e o aspecto sensorial. O leite utilizado foi embalado em sacos para leite conforme o encontrado no comércio. As amostras foram submetidas à radiação gama nas doses 0,1, 0,5, 1,0, 2,0 e 3,0 kGy e ficaram armazenadas a 4 °C, e suas avaliações ocorreram nos 1º, 4º, 7º e 10º dias de armazenamento. Foi avaliado o teor de cálcio e a composição centesimal do leite logo após sua obtenção. A diálise de cálcio in vitro foi realizada nos diferentes tempos de armazenamento. Nas duas doses, com pH mais estável na menor dose de radiação e uma dose abaixo, 0,5 e 1,0 kGy, foi realizada análise sensorial. A análise dos dados foi feita empregando teste de Tukey (5%). Quanto à análise físico-química, as amostras irradiadas melhoraram a disponibilidade do cálcio sendo a dose mais adequada a de 1 kGy devido a sua maior estabilidade do pH no período de 10 dias, porém sensorialmente as amostras não foram bem aceitas.

The influence of achyrocline satureioides ("Marcela") extract on the lipid oxidation of salami

The effect of two levels (0.5 and 1%) of hydroalcoholic extract of Achyrocline satureioides on the safety (TBARS values) and quality (pH, water activity, colour, weight loss, and sensorial attributes) of salami was evaluated. The addition of Achyrocline satureioides extract decreased TBARS values significantly during the storage of salami when compared to the control, which was elaborated without Achyrocline satureioides extract. The treatment with 1% of "Marcela" extract showed larger lipid stability than that of the lot with 0.5%, However, it presented a decrease (p < 0.05) in the sensorial acceptance. The two levels of "Marcela" extract did not influence pH, water activity, colour, and weight loss significantly. This study indicates that the hydroalcoholic extract of "Marcela" was effective in decreasing the lipid oxidation and at 0.5% it did not alter the sensorial features; therefore, it may be used in salami to provide safer products for the consumers.

Desenvolvimento de biscoitos, tipo salgado, enriquecidos pela adição de merluza

O uso de espécies de pescado de baixo valor comercial ou de subprodutos de sua industrialização constitui-se em alternativa promissora para a elaboração de produtos alimentícios economicamente viáveis e de alta qualidade nutricional. Foram elaborados biscoitos substituindo-se farinha de trigo por carne de merluza (22,5 e 27%). Foram realizadas determinações de umidade, cinzas e microbiológica, além de calculados os principais parâmetros nutricionais. A aceitação e a preferência sensorial foram julgadas por 45 provadores. A elaboração de biscoitos adicionados de merluza foi considerada tecnologicamente viável e com características químicas, microbiológicas e sensoriais satisfatórias. Os biscoitos com 22,5% do pescado tiveram maior preferência entre os consumidores. O menor aporte energético dos biscoitos formulados com merluza, a melhor qualidade proteica, o aumento do conteúdo de minerais e a benéfica composição lipídica dessa matéria-prima fazem dos biscoitos produzidos uma boa alternativa nutricional para merendas e complemento de lanches

Partial substitution of nitrite by chitosan and the effect on the quality properties of pork sausages

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of partial nitrite replacement by chitosan on the quality of Ham Visking (a type of pork sausages). Five Ham Visking formulations were elaborated modifying the sodium nitrite (0.011; 0.016 or 0.0212%) and chitosan concentrations (0.25 or 0.5%) in the products. Sausages were stored at 4 ºC and physicochemical, microbiological, and sensorial evaluations were performed in order to estimate their shelf life. Chitosan can be used in pork sausages without affecting ensory attributes such as color although the panelists detected textural differences among the samples with chitosan, which suggests that there is some influence of deacetylation degree of chitosan on the textural behavior of sausages which still needed to be explained for a successful application of chitosan in meat products. The reduction of residual sodium nitrite did not affect the color and flavor of such products, but the use of chitosan increasedsignificantly the shelf life of sausages.

Use of medicinal plant in the manufacturing of energetic cookies

Many nutrients provide energy and regulate physiological processes linked to exercise. This work aimed at using medicinal plant in the manufacturing of energetic cookie. An evaluation of microbiological and physicochemical stability was made within 180 days of the fabrication of the product. Sensorial analysis was performed in all stages with untrained tasters. The results were statistically tested. The evaluation of ergogenic effect of the product used the maximum volume of oxygen index as a parameter through the cooper track test (12 minutes) with 7 voluntaries. The participants received the consent form. This study was approved by the local ethics committee (N° CAAE - 0009.0.313.000-08). It was observed good stability for physicochemical and microbiological parameters. As for sensorial analysis there was a predominance of scores 6 to 8, characterizing good acceptance. It was verified increase in VO2 max after the intake of the cookies with or without the medicinal plants. However, the product with the medicinal plants presented a bigger value, 35.47 VO2 max mL/(kg.min)-1. The fraction of carbohydrate and the presence of medicinal plants can be considered as nutritional ergogenic substances. The lipid fraction favor the energetic aspect of the product. The proposed product presented energetic and ergogenic effect.

Acid and salt uptake during the marinatig process of Engraulis anchoita fillets influence of the solution: fish ratio and agitation

The aims of this research were to determine the effect of different conditions of the marination stage on the salt and acid uptake, immersion time, and sensorial characteristics during the marinating process of anchovy (Engraulis anchoita). Different solution:fish ratios and the agitation effect during this stage were analyzed. The ratios used were: 0.77:1, 3:1 and 10:1 (with and without agitation). An increase of marinating solution:fish ratio causes a higher speed of acid and salt penetration The product obtained with the 10:1 ratio had a dry and fibrous texture and a slightly salty taste. Salt concentration was statistically significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the samples with agitation. Agitation did not influence the acid uptake, and the salt penetration speed decreased, but rancidity was detected in this product. The ratio 3:1 decreases the marinating time without damaging sensory attributes and can be used in the fish marinating process.

Sensory profile of eleven peach cultivars

The goal of this study was to evaluate the sensory profile of eleven peach cultivars grown in an experimental orchard located in the city of Lapa (PR, Brazil) in two seasons. The peach cultivars analyzed were Aurora I, Chimarrita, Chiripá, Coral, Eldorado, Granada, Leonense, Maciel, Marli, Premier, and Vanguarda. The sensory analysis was performed by previously trained panelists; 20 of them in the first season and 10 in the second season. The sensory evaluation was performed using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, in which the following attributes were measured: appearance, aroma, flesh color, flesh firmness, flavor, and juiciness. The results showed preference for sweet, soft, and juicy fruits. Chimarrita, Chiripá, and Coral fruits showed better sensorial performance than the other peach cultivars. It was also verified that the analysis of the attributes aroma, flesh firmness, and flavor is enough for performing the sensory profile of peach fruits for in natura consumption.

Influence of passion fruit albedo, citric acid, and the pulp/sugar ratio on the quality of banana preserves

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the citric acid concentration, pulp/sugar ratio, and albedo concentration of the passion fruit peel on physical, physiochemical, and sensorial characteristics of the 'Silver' banana preserves. A 2³ factorial design and 3 repetitions in the central point were used. The albedo concentration between 0 and 3% had significant influence on the reduction of the reducing sugars and on the decrease in titratable acidity. The increase in the pulp/sugar ratio exerted a negative effect on the pH and positive on the titratable acidity; the acid addition reduced the non-reducing sugar level. The sensorial evaluation and purchase intention indicated that the incorporation of a maximum of 1.5% albedo in formulations containing 50% pulp and 0.5% citric acid resulted in products with good acceptability in comparison with the formulation in which 60% pulp and an absence of acid or albedo is utilized.