Epidemiologia de la leishmaniasis tegumentar en Mérida, Venezuela - II. Redescripcion de Lutzomya yencanensis (Ortiz, 1965) (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Se redescribe la hembra y el macho de Lutzomya Yencanensis OOrtiz, 1965) utilizando 11 topotipos. Se presentan las medidas e ilustraciones de las estructuras morfológicas. Se hace un análiseis comparativo con las especies afines y se registra la presencia de L. yencanensis en la región Andino-Venezolana.

Biologia do Triatoma vitticeps (Stal, 1859) em condições de laboratório (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae): II. Resistência ao jejum

Em prosseguimento ao estudo da biologia do Triatoma vitticeps (Gonçalves et al., 1988), foram feitas observações sobre a sua resistência ao jejum. Dos 286 ovos obtidos, apenas 201 eclodiram e atingiram o estádio pretendido para as observações. Os demais não eclodiram, não completaram a muda ou morreram sem motivo aparente. As ninfas foram acondicionadas, individualmente em frascos de Borrel, devidamente registrados. Para a alimentação foram utilizados camundongos e a medida que as ninfas atingiam o estágio pretendido a alimentação era suspensa até ocorrer a morte. A avaliação da resistência ao jejum foi feita da seguinte forma: o intervalo de dias entre o último repasto e a morte e entre a muda e a morte. Verificou-se que a resistência está diretamente relacionada com a fase de desenvolvimento. Para os parâmetros último repasto/morte e muda/morte, ambos os sexos foram menos resistentes do que as ninfas de 3º e 2º estádios, respectivamente. O experimento teve duração de 15 meses e neste período as temperaturas máxima e mínima e a umidade relativa do ar variaram em média de 25 ± 2ºC e 81 ± 3% UR, respectivamente. O material foi proveniente da criação de triatomíneos mantida no Departamento de Entomologia do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.

El ensayo inmunoenzimatico en microgotas sobre nitrocelulosa (Dot-ELISA) en el diagnostico de la enfermedad de Chagas: II. Estudio seroepidemiologico en cuatro comunidades rurales de Venezuela

Se realizó estudio seroepidemiológico sobre la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en habitantes de cuatro comunidades rurales de Venezuela, que presentan diferentes situaciones epidemiológicas en relación a la Enfermedad de Chagas, con la finalidad de evaluar la técnica de Dot-ELISA y compararla con las pruebas serológicas convencionales. En los caseríos de Kamana y caño Hondo del estado Zulia, donde no existe transmisión, la seropositividad fue 15,7% en adultos solamente. En las comunidades de las Rosas y Solano del estado Cojedes, área de alta endemicidad, la seropositividad en los menores de 14 años fue 8,9% y en los mayores de 15,51,6%. En el estudio comparativo con las pruebas serolgicas convencionlaes, Dot-ELISA presentó altos índices de co-positividad, co-negatividad y eficiencia. El valor predictivo positivo de la prueba fue de 66% y 60% con al antígeno citoplasmático e integral respectivamente, en el estado Zulia y 100% y 95% en el estado Cojedes. Estos resultados sugieren que Dot-ELISA puede ser una alternativa práctica para estudios seroepidemiológicos sobre la infección por Trypanosoma cruzi en los paises en desarrollo.

Taxonomy and distribution of phlebotomine sandflies in Venezuela: II. The subgenus Trichopygomyia of the genus Lutzomyia (Diptera: Psychodidae)

Species of sandflies in the subgenuys Trichopygomyia of the genus Lutzomyia occurring in Venezuela are reviewd. A new species, Lutzomyia pinna n. sp. is described. A distribution map and a pictorial key for maleds are provided with remarks on the ecological data collected in Venezuela.

Trypanosoma cruzi: experimental Chagas' disease in Rhesus monkeys. II. Ultraestructural and cytochemical studies of peroxidase and acid phosphatase activities

Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of peroxidase and acid phosphatase were performed in skin, lymph node and heart muscle tissue of thesus monkeys with experimental Chagas's disease. At the site of inoculation ther was a proliferative reaction with the presence of immature macrophages revealed by peroxidase technique. At the lymph node a difuse inflammatory exudate with mononuclear cells, fibroblasts and immature activated macrophages reproduces the human patrtern of acute Chagas' disease inflamatory lesions. The hearth muscle cells present different degrees of degenerative alterations and a striking increase in the number of lysosomal profiles that exhibit acid hydrolase reaction product. A strong inflammatory reaction was present due to lymphocytic infiltrate or due to eosinophil granulocytes associated to ruptured cells. The present study provides some experimental evidences that the monkey model could be used as a reliable model to characterize histopathological alterations of the human disease.

Immunopathology of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. Modulation of MHC class II gene products by Keratinocytes before and after glucantime therapy

Epidermal changes from 32 cutaneous and 3 mucosal American leishmaniasis (ACL) active lesions were studied for HLA-DR, -DP expression, Lanerhans cells and lymphocyte infiltration. In addition to a DR and DQ positivity at the surface of the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate, a strong reaction for DR antigens was detected on keratinocytes. Hyperplasia of Langerhans cells was present in al cutaneous lesions and epidermis was infiltrated by T lymphocytes. When healed lesions of 14 of these subjects were re-biopsied 1 to 12 months after the end of pentavalent antimonial therapy, MHC class antigens could no longer be seen on keratinocytes. Our data represrn evidence for hhe reversibility of the abnormal HLA-DR expression by keratinocytes in ACL after Glucantime therapy or spontaneous scar formation, demonstrating that this expresion is restricted to the period of active lesions. The present findings can be regarded as an indirect evidence that keratinocytes may be involved in the immunopathology of ACL.

Ultrastructure of the ovary of Dermatobia hominis (Diptera: cuterebridae). II. Origin of the tunica propria in ovarioles

Ovaries up to the 8th day pupae of Dermatobia hominis were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Ovarioles were recognized in ovaries of 4-day old pre-pupae, surrounded by a thin tunica propria of acellular fibrilar material similar in structure to the internal portion of the external tunica of the ovary. There is continuity of the tunica propria and the ovarian tunica, indicating that the former structure originates from the tunica externa. In 5 to 7-day pupae the interstitial somatic cells from the apical region of the ovary, close to the ovarioles, show delicate filamentous material inside of their rough endoplasmic reticulum cisternae; similar material is seem among these cells. Our observations suggest that interstitial somatic cells do not originate the tunica propria but contribute to its final composition.