490 resultados para Funções de resposta em frequência (FRFs)
Resumo:
Nutritional therapy with enteral diets became substantially specialized over the last years. This work's aim was to study the effect of the components of a formulation: fiber, calcium and medium-chain triglycerides for dialysability of minerals. Analysis of multiple variables was carried out using response surface methodology. The level curve showed an antagonic effect of interaction between iron and zinc. TCM was the variable responsible for characterizing competition between the two minerals in the formulation. More studies on foods are needed for knowing the effecs of minerals in formulations.
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In the present work, the influence of the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and degrees Brix on the yield and productivity of alcoholic fermentation has been evaluated. The methodology used was factorial design and response surface analysis. Within the range studied only for phosphorus a statistically significant effect was observed. The broth of sugar cane of the CB 453 variety already possessed enough nitrogen for the fermentation. The mathematical and empirical model was validated for productivity and not for yield. The concentration of alcohol produced in the fermentation was not enough to cause cellular growth inhibition.
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This work optimized the HPLC conditions for the simultaneous determination of luteolin, apigenin, myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol in aglycone form, as well defined the best conditions for hydrolysis/extraction of these flavonoids in fruits, using the statistical central composite design and response surface analysis. A reverse phase method was developed using a gradient of methanol/water acidified with 0.3% formic acid as mobile phase and a photodiode array detector. The samples were extracted with methanol/water (50:50 v/v) at 90 ºC. The optimum time and HCl concentration varied for the different fruits investigated, demonstrating the necessity of optimizing these conditions for each fruit analyzed. Good recovery (87.1 to 96.3%), repeatability and linearity were obtained.
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The aim of this work was to verify the effects of initial medium moisture content (U), addition of ammonium sulphate (N) and of potassium phosphate (P) in the production of the polygalacturonase through the solid-state fermentation, using cashew apple husk as substrate and Aspergillus niger CCT0916 as transformation agent. We also studied the best extraction conditions of the produced enzyme. The best condition of production was with U of 40%, 1% of N and 0% of P being reached an activity of the poligalacturonase of 10.1 U/g. The best extraction condition is an agitation system with a time of 100 min and a solvent-fermented medium volume ratio of 5 mL/g.
Resumo:
The thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) in a range of temperature from 84 to 373 K, has been applied to study the depolarization current of polyethylene and polyethylene composites in form of film and filled with commercial or oxidative surface treatment carbon black. The diagrams of TSDC obtained show that the composite in which the carbon black had received oxidative surface treatment reducing on an average depolarization current intensity in a magnitude order if compared to the composite with commercial carbon black. Therefore in the area between α and β transitions the difference is accentuated by reaching a peak 55 times in a temperature of 240 K. The difference in results is explained in terms of molecular interactions neighboring of carbon black particles.
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Multiresidue methods for pesticides monitoring by GC are commonly employed, however, it is well known that the presence of compounds of the matrix introduces errors during the quantiûcation. The main consequence of matrix effect is an increasing or decreasing analyte signal after the GC saturation with extracts of matrix. In this paper, the influence of constituents of nine matrices on the quantification of the four pesticides by GC-ECD was studied. Variation of signal was evaluated by PCA and HCA, and results showed that the constituents of tomato increased the signal (until 300%), while extracts of apple decreased (until -20%). Variation the analyte signal in the presence of the matrix in respect to the same analyte in solvent (standard solution) also was observed, mainly for liver extract (until 270%).
Resumo:
In order to evaluate the response of Brachiaria decumbens Stapf to Cd and Zn, plants were hydroponically exposed to 50 and 100 mmol L-1 of Cd and 500 and 2000 mmol L-1 of Zn. Metal content of shoots and roots was determined, as well as alterations in photosynthetic and photoprotective pigments, antioxidant metabolites and phytochelatin synthesis. Plants concentrated elevated levels of Cd and Zn, especially in roots. Zinc exposure negatively affected chlorophyll and β-carotene content, whereas the highest dose of Cd reduced VAZ cycle pigments and tocopherol levels in plant shoots. Cadmium was the maximum inducer of the phytochelatin synthesis pathway.
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This paper reports the development of an easy, fast and effective procedure for the verification of the ideal gas law in splitless injection systems in order to improve the response. Results of a group of pesticides were used to demonstrate the suitability of the approach. The procedure helps establish experimental parameters through theoretical aspects. The improved instrumental response allowed extraction with lower sample volumes, the minimization of time and costs and the simplification of sample preparation.
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A factorial design applied in a voltammetric stripping method for the measurement of Ag(I) in natural water is described. The procedure is based on the effective pre-concentration of silver ions on electrode surface. The calibration graph was linear in the silver concentration range from 7.92 x 10"7 to 1.07 x 10"5 mol L"1 with a detection limit of 3.81 x 10-7 mol L-1. The determination of Ag(I) in natural water samples was carried out satisfactory with the proposed electrode.
Resumo:
This works describes the use of experimental design and surface response methodology for optimization of saponin extraction from Ampelozizyphus amazonicus. For this purpose, a method employing extraction based on maceration assisted by ultrasound technique was utilized. The following factors were studied: extraction length of time and solvent composition. The total saponin was determined by using a gravimetric method and the results expressed by their relative proportion to total crude extract. For the specific condition, 60% hydro-alcoholic solution and 18 minutes extraction length of time has shown the best results. This method can be useful for extraction of substances with biological importance
Resumo:
The analysis of fatty acid (FA) esters by gas chromatography and flame ionization detector (FID) normally uses the normalization method. However, if one FA is wrongly estimated, the results could be greatly affected. In this study, methodologies using internal standards and correction factors for the FID response are described. The results show that by using theoretical correction factors associated to the internal standardization, the quantitative analyses of the FAs are expressed in mass, increasing the accuracy and facilitating the interpretation and comparison of the results for foods and biodiesels.
Resumo:
A influência da temperatura (15 °C - 32,5 °C) e da duração do período de molhamento foliar (2 h - 24 h) no desenvolvimento da mancha de Alternaria em girassol (Alternaria helianthi) foi quantificada por meio de estudos em ambiente controlado. Também foi verificada a influência da temperatura no crescimento micelial e na germinação de conídios do fungo, em ensaios in vitro. A densidade relativa de lesões e a severidade foram influenciadas pela temperatura e pela duração do período de molhamento foliar. A doença foi mais severa na temperatura de 25 °C. A temperatura mínima para desenvolvimento da doença, estimada pela função beta generalizada, foi de 13,0 °C e a máxima foi de 35,8 °C. A mancha de Alternaria foi maior com o aumento da duração do período de molhamento foliar, o que foi descrito pelo modelo logístico. A superfície de resposta obtida pela multiplicação das funções beta generalizada e logística teve um bom ajuste para os dados observados (R²=0,87 para densidade relativa de lesões e 0,92 para severidade). O crescimento micelial e a germinação de conídios em função da temperatura também foram descritos pela função beta generalizada. As temperaturas mínimas estimadas para a taxa de crescimento micelial e para a germinação de conídios foram de 5,5 °C e 7,9 °C e as máximas foram de 32,9 °C e 40,0 °C, respectivamente. Na avaliação de dez híbridos de girassol inoculados artificialmente, em condições controladas, houve diferença entre os materiais quanto à resistência à infecção e à colonização por A. helianthi.
Resumo:
Peróxido de hidrogênio foi localizado citoquimicamente em virtude de sua reação com cloreto de cério, evidenciando H2O2 produzido em tomateiros (Lycopersicon esculentum) resistente e suscetível a Stemphylium solani. Precipitados de peridróxido de cério foram constatados nas células do mesofilo, na parede em contato com as hifas do patógeno. Portanto, não tendo sido observada reação diferencial entre as cultivares quanto ao acúmulo de H2O2, e, sendo sua presença detectada num dos controles negativos, sugere-se que este composto possivelmente não participe diretamente da resistência manifestada pela c.v. 'Motelle' contra S. solani, no tocante ao fortalecimento da parede celular.
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Nossa leitura da Carta Sétima parte do pressuposto segundo o qual o filosofar instaura-se sobre um exercício dialético incessante entre fenomenologia e hermenêutica do real. Objetivamos aqui, por um lado, justificar a atualidade e a pertinência da hermenêutica filosófica bem como sua apropriada aplicação aos textos filosóficos e, por outro, elucidar o que julgamos ser o cerne da carta em questão, ou seja, indicar traços fundamentais da verdadeira filosofia e, portanto, dos verdadeiros filósofos segundo nossa leitura do escrito de Platão. Nossa reflexão, em seu conjunto, pretende configurar uma espécie de resposta à carta de Platão, apontando, assim, nossa posição sobre o exercício filosófico atual. Articularemos nosso propósito sobre dois momentos interconectados entre si: iniciaremos elucidando alguns pressupostos hermenêuticos de leitura do texto platônico com o escopo de explicitar nossos elogios à verdadeira filosofia.