Determinação e comparação dos valôres Mi, A, Y e S, em dois tipos de solo do est. de S. Paulo

No presente trabalho, determinou-se e comparou-se os valores Mi de BARBIER et al., 1954, SCHEFFER e ULRICH, 1958, A de FRIED e DEAN, 1952 Y de LARSEN, 1952, e S de SOKOLOV, 1958, em dois tipos de solo do Estado de São Paulo: terra roxa legítima e um solo arenoso do campo da Secção Técnica de Química Agrícola da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz". Aplicou-se 23,58 mg de fósforo, por vaso, na forma de superfosfato simples, contendo fósforo radioativo com uma atividade de 120.736 ipm; na forma de solução, aplicou-se também 200 mg de NH4N0(3) e 100 mg de KC1. Misturou-se bem para que houvesse homogenização a mais perfeita possível. Depois plantou-se 25 sementes de trigo, variedade 1146BH, deixando-se apenas 16 plantas após o desbaste. Procedeu-se àcolheita 55 dias após o plantio. Tanto a parte aérea como as raízes foram sêcas em estufa a 70-80°C. Sôbre o material triturado, digerido e diluído, retirou-se partes alíquotas para a determinação do P81 e do P32. Os valores obtidos para os dois tipos de solos foram os seguintes: mg de P por 1,5 kg de solo Valores Terra roxa legítima Solo arenoso Mi 177,96 92,62 A 177,55 92,71 Y 178,97 92,98 S 173,42 64,75 A análise estatística não revelou diferença significativa entre os valores Mi, A e Y, mas sim dêstes para o valor S. Quanto a este último valor, pode-se dizer que quanto mais rico em fósforo fôr o solo e quanto menor fôr o teor dêste elemento na semente, quanto mais êle deverá se aproximar dos valores Mi, A e Y.

Ocorrência das domácias nas rubiáceas - II

The author has studied the domatia appearing in the Rubiaceae family by examining 278 species distributed among 95 genera; and she has verified that 51 species belonging to 29 genera have domatia fitting following types according to the Chevalier's classification: in the "touffe de poils", "em pertuis" and " enpochette". Fourtheen species showed domatia that has chamber and outlet orifice. The others 29 species present domatia either as aglomerates-hair, clusters-hair or scattered hairs and variations of this types; eight species present domatia "em pochette". On Paurichiantha rubra (Benth.) Brem., Rondelettia purdiei Hook f., and Randia cladantha K. Schum the domatia also appear in the axils nervure of several orders; and also in Psychotria racemosa Aubl., they are located in the axil of the angle toward the leaf base. The author observed for the first time two types of domatia in the same leaf on Psychotria fortuita Standi, and on type of domatia, with hairs, that is formed by a fold on the blade on Chomelia tenuiflora Benth.

Estudos sôbre alimentação mineral do cafeeiro.: VII. Interação entre fósforo e ferro em cafeeiro (Coffe arabica L., var. Caturra KMC) cultivado em solução nutritiva

The present work was carried out in order to study: 1 - The effect of several levels of P and Fe on the chemical composition of young coffee plants (Coffea arabica L., var. Caturra, KMC); 2 - The influence of P and Fe in the up take of N, K, Ca, and Mg as revealed by the chemical analyses of coffee tissues. Five treatments with two replicates were used, namely: 1 - Control - plants grown in the solution 2 of HOAGLAND & ARNON (1950); 2 - Omission of P; 3 - 310 p. p.m. of P; 4 - Omission of Fe; 5-28 p. p.m. of Fe. The experiment was carried out in the grenhouse, the pH of the different solutions being kept between 5. 0 and 5. 5; aeration was provided to the solutions. The following conclusions wen drawn: 1 - When P was omitted from the nutrient solution, there was an increase in N, K and Fe content of the plant as compared to the levels found in control plants; 2 - Raising the P level in the substrate brought about an apparent luxury consumption of this element as well as an increase in plant Mg; 3 - High P in the nutrient solution on the other hand, decreased Fe up take but increased the K content; 4 - K content was even higher in plants corresponding to the excess Fe treatment; 5 - A very high P content was found in the roots from the excess Fe treatment, this suggesting the formation of ferric phosphate in those organs; 6 - The control plants had less Fe than those corresponding to the minus Fe treatment.

Estudos sôbre alimentação mineral do cafeeiro: VIII. Estudo da absorção e da translocação do radiozinco no cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.)

WATER-CULTURE EXPERIMENTS. Two water-culture experiments were carried out to study the absorption and the translocation of radiozinc in young coffee plants as influenced by two factors, namely, concentration of heavy metals (iron, man ganese, copper and molybdenum) and method of application. Inert zinc was supplied at an uniform rate of 0. 05 p. p. m.; the levels of iron supply were 0, 1.0, and 10.0 p. p.m.; manganese was supplied in three doses 0, 0.5, and 5.0 p. p.m.; copper- 0, 0. 02, and 0. 2 p. p. m.; molybdenum- 0, 0. 01, and 0. 1 p. p. m. When applied to the nutrient solution the activity os the radiozinc (as zinc chloride) was 0. 15 microcuries per plant. In the study of the leaf absorption, Zn65 was supplied at the level of 0. 10 microcuries per plant; in this case the radioative material was brushed either on the lower or on the upper surface or both two pairs of mature leaves. The absorption period was 8 weeks. The radioactivity assay showed the following results: 1 - Among the heavy metals herein investigated the iron concentration did not affect the uptake of the radiozinc; by raising the level of Mn, Cu and Mo ten times, the absorption dropped to 50 per cent and even more when compared with the control plants; when, however, these micronutrients were omitted from the nutrient solution, an increase in the uptake of zinc was registered in the minus Cu treatment only. The effects of high levels of Mn, Cu and Mo probably indicate an interionic competition for a same site on a common binding substance in the cell surface. 2 - The absorption of the radiozinc directly applied to the leaf surface reached levels as high as 8 times that registered when the root uptake took place. Among the three methods of application which have been tried, brushing the lower surface of the leaves proved to be the most effective; this result is easily understood since the stomatal openings of the coffee leaves an preferentially located in the lower surface - in this treatment, about 40 per cent of the activity was absorved and around 12 per cent were translocated either to the old or to the newer organs. Chemical analyses for heavy metals, were carried out only in the plants received Zn65Cl2 in the nutrient solution; the results were as follows; 1 - Control plants had, per 1,000 gm, of dry weight the following amounts in mg.: Zn- 48 in the roots and 29 in the tops; Fe- 165 in the roots and 9 in the tops; Mn- 58 in the roots and 15 in the tops, Cu- 15 in the roots and 1. 2 in the tops; Mo- 2. 8 in the roots and 0. 45 in the tops. 2 - The effect of different levels of micronutrients in the composition of the plants can be summarized as follows: Fe and Zn- when omitted from the nutrient solution, the iron and zinc contents in the roots decreased, no variation being noted in the tops; the higher dosis caused an accumulation in the roots but no apparent effect in the tops; Mn- by omitting this micronutrient a decrease in its content in the roots was noted, where as the concentration in the tops was the same; Mo- no variation in roots and tops contents when molybdenum was omitted; higher dosis of manganese and molybdenum increased the amounts formed both in the roots and in the tops. 3 - The influence of the different concentrations of micronutrients heavy metals on the zinc content of the coffee plants can be described by saying that: Fe and Mo- no marked variation; Mn- no effect when omitted, reduced amount when the high dosis was supplied; Mn- when the plants did not receive manganese the zinc content in roots and tops was the same as in the control plants; a decrease in the zinc content of the total plant occurred when the high dosis was employed; Cu -the situation is similar to that described for manganese. Hence, results showed by the chemical analyses roughly correspond to those of the radioactivity assay; the use of the tracer technique, however, gave best informations along this line. SOIL-POTS EXPERIMENTS. The two types of soils which when selected support the most extensive coffee plantations in the State of São Paulo, Brazil: "arenito de Bauru", a light sandy soil and "terra roxa legitima", a red soil derived from basalt. Besides NPK containing salts, the coffee plants were given two doses of inert zinc (65 and 130 mg ZnCl2 per pot) and radiozinc at a total activity of 10(6) counts/minute. The results of the countings can be summarized as follows: 1 - When plants were grown in "arenito de Bauru" the activity absorbed as per cent of the total activity supplied was not affected by the dosis of inert zinc. The highest value found was around 0. 1 per cent. 2 - For the "terra roxa" plants, the situation is almost the same; there was, however, a slight increase in the absorption of the radiozinc when 130 mgm of ZnClg2 was given: a little above 0. 2 per cent of the activity supplied was absorbed. The results clearly show that the young coffee plants practically did not absorb none of the zinc supplied; two reasons at least could be pointed out to explain such a fact: 1 - Zinc fixation by an exchange with magnesium or by filling holes in the octahedral layer of aluminosilicates, probably kaolinite; 2 - No need for fertilizer zinc in the particular stage of life cycle under which the experiment was set up. The data from chemical analysis are roughly parallel to the above mentioned. When one attempts to compare - by taking data herein reported zinc uptake from nutrient solution, leaf brushing or from fertilizers in the soil, a practical conclusion can be drawn: the control of zinc deficiency in coffee plants should not be done by adding the zinc salts to the soil; in other words: the soil applications used so extensively in other countries seem not to be suitable for our conditions; hence zinc sprays should be used wherever necessary.

O tamanho dos vasos e fibras do xilema-secundário nos anéis de crescimento da Tecoma chrysothrica, Mart.

This paper deals with the macroscopic and microscopic observation of the growth ringe in two disks from the crossing section of wood stem of Tecoma chrysothrica and also deals with statistical analysis of the size of fiber and vessel member in different grow rings of secondary xilem. By statistical analyses of variance the authors verified the following: first, the fiber reaches its utmost length at the 11 th and 12 th grow rings; second, the vessel member reaches its utmost width in the same region as the fiber length. This point out there is certain correlation between the width of vesses member with the fiber length at the same growth rings. There was no statistical signification in the variation of the vessel length and the fiber width.

A relação k/mg em fôlhas de algodoeiro cultivado em condição de campo

In this paper the author presents the results of a study on the K and Mg correlations in cotton leaves from an experiment carried out under field condition. He concluded that the percentages of those elements vary in an inverse ratio. It is possible that K had depressed the Mg absorption by plants.

Determinação polarografica do zinco em plantas, após a sua separação em resina trocadora de íons

O presente trabalho relata os dados obtidos na determinaçao do zinco em plantas segundo uma nova técnica. Esta nova técnica consistiu em se aliar a separação do zinco de outros interferentes, através do emprego de uma coluna de resina trocadora de anions, ao método polarografico da dosagem do citado elemento. A amostra de planta (1, 000g) foi incinerada em copo de Pyrex a 450-5009C durante 90 minutos e o zinco foi extraido da cinza com solução de HC1 2N. A separação do zinco de outros elementos interferentes foi feita pela passagem da solução através da resina trocadora de anions, Amberlite, IRA-401. Após a eluiçao do zinco da coluna, a solução obtida foi levada ao polarografo registrador. (Sargent, modelo XXI) para a determinação, Trabalhando-se com um conjunto de 10 (dez) a 12 (doze) colunas de resina, pode-se executar 10 (dez) a 12 (doze) determinações num periodo de 6 (seis) horas.

Cotribuição ao estudo das domácias na ordem Rubiales

In this paper domatia of 53 species of the families Caprifoliaceae, Valerianaceae, Dispsaceae and Adoxaceae, all of the Order Rubiales, were studied. In fifteen species belonging to five genera the author found domatia. They were of two types, in the "touffe de poils" and "em pochette", in accordance with the CHEVALIER e CHESNAIS Domatia Classification (1941). Only two species had domatia of the type "em pochette" and the other thirteen had domatia in "touffe de poils" or variations of this type. The author found in this paper, by the first time, domatia in the insertion of the pinna with the rachis in Valeriana scandens L. var. genuina e Valerianopsis sp., and in the place between leaf lets and petiole in Valeriana acutifolia and Valeriana sp.

Estudo do aproveitamento integral da planta mandioca

This paper deals with cassava leaf, stem and root production. Field competition trial showed that production of leaves and stems are the same; as that of roots and that leaves and stems can be used in animal feeding beside the industrialization of roots.

Teorema fundamental do método dos segmentos, de Ansheles e Dolivo-Dobrovolski

Por meio da projeção gnomônica, o autor demonstra o teorema fundamental do método dos segmentos, nos diversos sistemas cristalográficos.

Sobre a fórmula que dá o ângulo de duas faces em sistema cristalográfico retangular

Valendo-se das "fórmulas diretas" de Ansheles, o autor apresenta uma nova dedução da fórmula que permite calcular o ângulo de duas faces, de símbolos conhecidos, em sistema cristalográfico retangular.

Símbolos projetivos e ângulos de extinção

O problema de cálculo dos ângulos de extinção de faces de uma mesma zona, com referência ao eixo da zona, é tratado pelo autor através dos "símbolos projetivos" de Fedorow.

Sôbre a fórmula: cosa . cosb. cosc + senb. senc. cos A

Por meio da projeção gnomônica, o autor apresenta uma dedução da fórmula geral de resolução de triângulos esféricos.