375 resultados para Novas competências
Resumo:
Twelve novel 4-thiazolidinone derivatives (2a-l) have been synthesized by reacting formilpyridine thiosemicarbazones (1a-l) and anhydride maleic in toluene. Their chemical structures were confirmed by IR, ¹H and 13C NMR. The new compounds were submitted to in vitro evaluation against pathogenic Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts. The findings obtained showed that the compounds 2a, 2d, 2e and 2g were effective against some of the bacterial strains used, whereas the compounds 2d, 2e and 2i exhibited a moderate antifungal activity against the yeast strains evaluated. An initial structure activity relationship (SAR) was established.
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The synthesis and characterization of crosslinked chitosan microbeads and their application in the removal of Cr(VI) are described. New kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of Cr(VI) adsorptions processes were found using continuous isothermal calorimetry. All adsorption processes are exothermic in nature. However, a multivariate statistical analysis have pointed out that adsorption enthalpies were affected by important binary interactions of the initial Cr(VI) in solution and temperature. The adsorption energetic data were well fitted to a kinetic exponential model, which have indicated fractionary adsorption kinetic orders.
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Recent biochemical and pharmacological studies have led to the characterization of different fatty acid amides as a new family of biologically active lipids. Here, we describe the synthesis of new amides from C16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 18:1, OH fatty acids (FFA) families with cyclic and acyclic amines and demonstrate for the first time that these compounds produce citotoxic effects. Application of this method to the synthesis of fatty acid amides was performed using the esters aminolysis as a key step and various carboxylic amides were prepared in good yield from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs).
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Electrostatic phenomena were discovered long ago but their interpretation according to well-established atomic-molecular theory is still lacking. As a result, electrostatic phenomena are often irreproducible and uncontrolled, causing serious practical problems. Highly reproducible recent experimental results on electrostatic charging from this and other laboratories are reviewed in this work, together with a description of the relevant but not so usual Kelvin probe and Faraday cup techniques. These results support a new model for electrostatic charging of dielectrics and insulated metals, based on the role of moist atmosphere as a charge reservoir.
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New 2-isoxazoline aldehydes were synthesized, in good yields, from cycloadduct of the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between endocyclic enecarbamate and carboethoxyformonitrile oxide (CEFNO). Condensation of these 2-isoxazoline aldehydes with several phenyl-hydrazines produced new isoxazolyl-aryl-hydrazones, which showed low toxicity and excellent antinociceptive activity, when compared to dipyrone. The antinociceptive activity of isoxazolyl-aryl-hydrazones was performed using the acetic acid-induced mice abdominal constrictions test.
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A new series of dialkylphosphorylhydrazones was synthesized through the condensation of aromatic aldehydes with different phosphorylhydrazines. All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H-NMR, 13C-NMR and 31P-NMR spectroscopies. The in vitro investigation of the activity of these compounds against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and epimastigotes of T. cruzi, showed an efficient inhibition of proliferation, at non toxic concentrations to mammalian cells. The results have shown some derivatives as potential antiparasitic agents against trypanosomatids.
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New semi-quantitative metrics for simple evaluation of global greenness of chemical reactions used in teaching laboratories, namely, the Green Circle (GC) and Green Matrix (GM), were developed. These metrics globally consider all Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry. To illustrate their construction, the greenness of several syntheses performed in the laboratory under different sets of conditions was assessed. The tools were validated by comparing the results with another metric, the Green Star (GS), developed in our previous study. Results showed these new metrics were useful for the intended purpose, having the advantage of being simpler than the GS.
Resumo:
Phytochemical studies of the leaves and fruits have led to the identification of the known amides (E)-N-methyl-cinnamamide, N-benzoyltyramine, N-benzoyl-O-geranyltyramine, N-benzoyl-O-(4-acetoxyl)-geranyltyramine, in addition to the new N-{2-[4-(butoxyl-3-one)phenyl]ethyl}benzamide, N-{2-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butoxylanal)phenyl]ethyl}benzamide, N-{2-[4-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methyl-butoxyloic)phenyl]ethyl}benzamide, N-benzoyl-O-(4-acetoxyl-6,7-epoxy)-geranyltyramine, N-benzoyl-O-(4-acetoxyl-6,7-dihydroxy)-geranyltyramine and N-benzoyl-O-(6-acetoxyl-4,7-dihydroxy)-geranyltyramine. The isolated compounds clearly point to Swinglea phytochemical affinities with other Aurantioideae species.
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This contribution discusses the state of the art and the challenges in producing biofuels, as well as the need to develop chemical conversion processes of CO2 in Brazil. Biofuels are sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels for providing energy, whilst minimizing the effects of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Ethanol from fermentation of simple sugars and biodiesel produced from oils and fats are the first-generation of biofuels available in the country. However, they are preferentially produced from edible feedstocks (sugar cane and vegetable oils), which limits the expansion of national production. In addition, environmental issues, as well as political and societal pressures, have promoted the development of 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels. These biofuels are based on lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural waste and wood processing, and on algae, respectively. Cellulosic ethanol, from fermentation of cellulose-derived sugars, and hydrocarbons in the range of liquid fuels (gasoline, jet, and diesel fuels) produced through thermochemical conversion processes are considered biofuels of the new generation. Nevertheless, the available 2nd and 3rd generation biofuels, and those under development, have to be subsidized for inclusion in the consumer market. Therefore, one of the greatest challenges in the biofuels area is their competitive large-scale production in relation to fossil fuels. Owing to this, fossil fuels, based on petroleum, coal and natural gas, will be around for many years to come. Thus, it is necessary to utilize the inevitable CO2 released by the combustion processes in a rational and economical way. Chemical transformation processes of CO2 into methanol, hydrocarbons and organic carbonates are attractive and relatively easy to implement in the short-to-medium terms. However, the low reactivity of CO2 and the thermodynamic limitations in terms of conversion and yield of products remain challenges to be overcome in the development of sustainable CO2 conversion processes.
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Vinte e oito genótipos, incluindo cultivares de algumas instituições de pesquisa e linhagens do programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, foram avaliados quanto a resistência a oito patótipos do fungo Phaeoisariopsis griseola, agente causal da mancha angular do feijoeiro comum. Estes genótipos foram inoculados aos 14-16 dias após o plantio com uma suspensão contendo 2,0 x 10(4) conídios mL-1. Os sintomas foram avaliados de 14 a 18 dias após a inoculação, utilizando uma escala de nove graus onde foram consideradas resistentes (reação compatível) as plantas que apresentaram os graus de 1 a 3 e suscetíveis (reação incompatível), as que apresentaram os graus de 4 a 9. Os genótipos 'Ouro Negro' e 'LM 202202530' apresentaram reação de resistência a oito e a sete dos oito patótipos utilizados, respectivamente. A cultivar BRS Requinte foi resistente a cinco patótipos e as cultivares BRS Pontal e Cornell 49-242 foram resistentes a apenas quatro patótipos.
Resumo:
O agente causal da ferrugem da teca (Olivea neotectonae) vem atacando as plantações de diversos países que possuem plantios naturais ou comerciais. Ocasiona desfolha intensa das plantas contribuindo para a redução da área fotossintética e consequentemente, a produção. Especialmente associado a viveiros, apresenta maior severidade em plantas com menos de 10 anos de idade. Como sintomas da infecção são observadas manchas marrons e como sinais, soros pulverulentos de cor amarelo alaranjado. Em maio de 2009, estes sintomas e sinais foram observados em folhas de teca, provenientes do norte do estado do Mato Grosso, Maranhão, Tocantins e da região centro-oeste do estado São Paulo, recebidos pelo laboratório de Patologia Florestal da FCA UNESP-Botucatu. O objetivo do presente trabalho é fazer o registro dessas constatações nos estados brasileiros e uma breve revisão sobre a denominação correta do patógeno.
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A aprovação da nova LDB, em 1996, levou à elaboração de Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais (DCN) baseadas em competências necessárias para os médicos atuarem frente às novas tecnologias e para enfrentarem os desafios do desenvolvimento do SUS. Analisar a implantação das DCN no Paraná, verificando as características da formação dos profissionais de Medicina, foi o objetivo desta publicação específica, que faz parte dos dados coletados numa pesquisa mais ampla, apoiada pelo edital universal do CNPq (Proc. 474.029/2003-04). O estudo foi realizado com uma abordagem qualitativa e análise de conteúdo. Fez-se um levantamento das Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES) que oferecem cursos de Medicina, coletando-se os dados por questionário e pelas informações dos Projetos Político-Pedagógicos (PPP) obtidos, com instrumento baseado em sete eixos das DCN. Dois cursos apresentam grau avançado de implantação das DCN, um mostra iniciativa da implantação de alguns aspectos, e dois outros seguem formatos curriculares bem tradicionais. Os dados obtidos sugerem a existência de uma motivação para a inovação do ensino médico no Paraná, o que se traduz em currículos idealizados com vários princípios inspirados nas DCN.
Resumo:
Os currículos médicos estão preocupados em formar médicos detentores de traços humanísticos, que passam, assim, a ser objetivos educacionais. Deve-se desenvolver, então, a sua pedagogia. Como objetivos, podem ser tratados pedagogicamente com base nos corpos conceituais teóricos que informam o planejamento de currículos, como a taxonomia de objetivos educacionais clássica, que compreende os domínios cognitivo, afetivo e psicomotor. Esta taxonomia dá conta de muitos dos objetivos relacionados aos traços humanísticos, organizando-os e facilitando a tarefa de planejamento educacional nessa área, mas deixa marginalizados alguns aspectos do conhecimento humano cruciais para as Humanidades, como os objetivos que se referem a autoconhecimento, amadurecimento e à individuação, reconhecimento dos próprios sentimentos e habilidades de comunicação interpessoal. Devem-se, então, buscar outros sistemas conceituais como referenciais teóricos mais adequados às Humanidades. É possível que se possa usar as taxonomias de maneira aditiva, procurando objetivos humanísticos em cada uma das categorias e subcategorias das diversas taxonomias. Assim, aumenta-se a abrangência do corpo de objetivos educacionais de natureza humanística.