492 resultados para Carlos Herculano Lopes
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OBJETIVO: Verificar se o uso do laser de InGaAlP com comprimento de onda de 685 nm pode reduzir a incidência de xerostomia, gravidade da mucosite oral e da dor associada à mucosite em pacientes portadores de câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos a radioterapia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Sessenta pacientes portadores de carcinoma de cabeça e pescoço foram submetidos a radioterapia com dose diária de 1,8 a 2,0 Gy e dose final de 45 a 72 Gy. O volume salivar foi medido nos dias um, 15, ao final do tratamento e após 15 e 30 dias, e a mucosite oral em avaliações semanais. Vinte e nove pacientes se submeteram a radioterapia sem laser e 31 foram submetidos a radioterapia e laser com dose diária de 2 joules/cm² em pontos pré-determinados da mucosa oral e glândulas parótida e submandibular. RESULTADOS: No grupo submetido a radioterapia e laser, a incidência de mucosite (p < 0,001) e dor (p < 0,016) foram significativamente menores e o volume salivar se manteve maior (p < 0,001) durante e após o tratamento. CONCLUSÃO: Os pacientes submetidos à associação de radioterapia e laser tiveram menor incidência de xerostomia, mucosite oral e dor quando comparados ao grupo de radioterapia sem laser, com resultados com significância estatística.
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OBJETIVO: Investigar e descrever os achados clínicos, radiológicos e anatomopatológicos dos tumores do estroma gastrintestinal. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: De dezembro de 2000 a março de 2006, 16 pacientes foram operados por tumores do estroma gastrintestinal em nossa instituição. As variáveis analisadas foram sexo e idade dos pacientes, sinais e sintomas na consulta inicial, localização e tamanho do tumor, achados radiológicos, características anatomopatológicas e a ocorrência de metástases. RESULTADOS: A população em estudo constou de nove homens e sete mulheres. Os locais de origem dos tumores primários foram o estômago (n = 5), o reto (n = 4), o intestino delgado (n = 3), o mesentério (n = 3) e o cólon sigmóide (n = 1). Tomografia computadorizada foi o principal método radiológico empregado. Massa circunscrita, de contornos lobulados e que sofre realce heterogêneo pelo meio de contraste foi o principal achado por imagem. Em nosso estudo, nove pacientes (56% dos casos) apresentaram metástases ao diagnóstico ou recorrência do tumor num período médio de dois anos e oito meses. CONCLUSÃO: O tumor do estroma gastrintestinal acomete adultos de meia-idade e idosos e deve ser lembrado no diagnóstico diferencial das massas abdominais. Diagnóstico precoce, tratamento correto e acompanhamento rigoroso são fundamentais, pois, como demonstrado em nosso trabalho, essas neoplasias apresentam alta tendência à malignidade.
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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a translucência nucal, o ducto venoso, o osso nasal e a idade materna > 35 anos como testes de rastreamento para aneuploidias entre 12 e 14 semanas de gestação em pacientes de alto risco. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional envolvendo 92 gestantes entre 12 e 14 semanas submetidas a biópsia de vilo corial por alto risco de trissomia, baseado na medida da translucência nucal (17,4%) e idade materna >35 anos (78,3%). Antes da biópsia de vilo corial, realizaram-se medida da translucência nucal, avaliação de fluxo no ducto venoso e identificação do osso nasal. Calcularam-se a sensibilidade, a especificidade, o valor preditivo positivo e o valor preditivo negativo para testes realizados em paralelo e em seqüência. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se alteração cromossômica em 12 (13,5%) fetos; 7 (58,3%) apresentavam trissomia 21. Osso nasal foi identificado em todos os fetos com trissomia. Translucência nucal, ducto venoso e idade materna isolados mostraram baixa sensibilidade (41,67-58,33%) e baixo valor preditivo positivo (10-45,45%). A associação translucência nucal + ducto venoso + idade materna apresentou o melhor resultado (sensibilidade: 100%; especificidade: 6,49%; valor preditivo positivo: 14,29%; valor preditivo negayivo: 100%). CONCLUSÃO: Em gestantes com idade > 35 anos, a associação translucência nucal + ducto venoso mostra-se como a mais sensível para a indicação de procedimento invasivo.
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OBJETIVO: Estudo comparativo da receptividade (colaboração) e sensibilidade da seriografia do esôfago, estômago e duodeno em relação à ultrassonografia do esôfago intra-abdominal em pacientes com suspeita de refluxo gastroesofágico. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram incluídos no estudo 42 pacientes pediátricos (26 masculinos, com idade média de 33,64 ± 34,33 meses, e 16 femininos, com idade média de 31,02 ± 35,56 meses) com suspeita de refluxo gastroesofágico, os quais foram submetidos, inicialmente, a seriografia do esôfago, estômago e duodeno, e posteriormente, a ultrassonografia do esôfago intra-abdominal. RESUL-TADOS: A análise estatística comparativa entre os sexos e as idades sugere não haver evidência de associação com a colaboração, tanto para a seriografia do esôfago, estômago e duodeno como para a ultrassonografia do esôfago intra-abdominal. Entretanto, na classificação quanto ao tipo de colaboração, a técnica de seriografia do esôfago, estômago e duodeno apresentou menos de 50% de colaboração, enquanto 80,49% dos pacientes colaboraram com a ultrassonografia do esôfago intra-abdominal. Quanto à sensibilidade do diagnóstico de refluxo gastroesofágico, a técnica de ultrassonografia do esôfago intra-abdominal (85,7%) foi significativamente superior à de seriografia do esôfago, estômago e duodeno (47,6%). CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo sugere que se proceda a ultrassonografia do esôfago intra-abdominal, mesmo na ausência de refluxo gastroesofágico na seriografia do esôfago, estômago e duodeno.
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OBJETIVO: Avaliar possíveis diferenças entre a disfunção endotelial, avaliada pela dilatação fluxo-mediada, e hiperperfusão central, avaliada por dopplerfluxometria da artéria oftálmica, entre pacientes portadoras da forma precoce e tardia da pré-eclâmpsia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: O teste de dilatação fluxo-mediada e a dopplerfluxometria da artéria oftálmica foram obtidos de 81 gestantes, sendo 56 portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia (26 na forma precoce e 30 na forma tardia) e 25 gestantes saudáveis (grupo controle). RESULTADOS: Portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia apresentaram valores menores de dilatação fluxo-mediada quando comparadas ao grupo controle, tanto na forma precoce (7,62 ± 5,42% × 14,12 ± 6,14%; p = 0,02) como na forma tardia (5,83 ± 4,12% × 14,12 ± 6,14%; p = 0,00). Não houve diferença quando foram comparadas as duas formas (7,62 ± 5,42% × 5,83 ± 4,12%; p = 0,09). A dopplerfluxometria da artéria oftálmica apresentou-se significativamente menor nas pacientes portadoras de pré-eclâmpsia quando comparadas ao grupo controle, tanto na forma precoce (0,631 ± 0,024 × 0,737 ± 0,032; p = 0,01) como na forma tardia (0,653 ± 0,019 × 0,737 ± 0,032; p = 0,03). Não houve diferença entre as duas formas de apresentação (0,631 ± 0,024 × 0,653 ± 0,019; p = 0,12). Os resultados basicamente demonstram redução nos valores de dilatação fluxo-mediada e dopplerfluxometria da artéria oftálmica nas formas tardia e precoce da pré-eclâmpsia quando comparadas ao grupo controle, sem, contudo, diferenças significativas entre as duas formas de apresentação da doença. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados indicam a presença de disfunção endotelial e hiperperfusão central em gestantes com pré-eclâmpsia, tanto na forma precoce como na tardia.
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Objective To evaluate the association of Doppler of uterine artery and flow-mediated dilation of brachial artery (FMD) in the assessment of placental perfusion and endothelial function to predict preeclampsia. Materials and Methods A total of 91 patients considered as at risk for developing preeclampsia were recruited at the prenatal unit of the authors' institution. All the patients underwent FMD and Doppler of uterine arteries between their 24th and 28th gestational weeks. Calculations of sensitivity and specificity for both isolated and associated methods were performed. Results Nineteen out of the 91 patients developed preeclampsia, while the rest remained normotensive. Doppler flowmetry of uterine arteries with presence of bilateral protodiastolic notch had sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 87.5% for the prediction of preeclampsia. Considering a cutoff value of 6.5%, FMD showed sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 73.6%. In a parallel analysis, as the two methods were associated, sensitivity was 94.2% and specificity, 64.4%. Conclusion The association of Doppler study of uterine arteries and FMD has proved to be an interesting clinical strategy for the prediction of preeclampsia, which may represent a positive impact on prenatal care of patients considered as at high-risk for developing such a condition.
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Objective The present study evaluated the reliability of digital panoramic radiography in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications. Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients under high-risk for development of carotid artery calcifications who had digital panoramic radiography were referred to undergo ultrasonography. Thus, 70 arteries were assessed by both methods. The main parameters utilized to evaluate the panoramic radiography reliability in the diagnosis of carotid artery calcifications were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of this method as compared with ultrasonography. Additionally, the McNemar's test was utilized to verify whether there was a statistically significant difference between digital panoramic radiography and ultrasonography. Results Ultrasonography demonstrated carotid artery calcifications in 17 (48.57%) patients. Such individuals presented with a total of 29 (41.43%) carotid arteries affected by calcification. Radiography was accurate in 71.43% (n = 50) of cases evaluated. The degree of sensitivity of this method was 37.93%, specificity of 95.12% and positive predictive value of 84.61%. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed between the methods evaluated in their capacity to diagnose carotid artery calcifications. Conclusion Digital panoramic radiography should not be indicated as a method of choice in the investigation of carotid artery calcifications.
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The Cerium (IV) and Titanium (IV) oxides mixture (CeO2-3TiO2) was prepared by thermal treatment of the oxochloroisopropoxide of Cerium (IV) and Titanium (IV). The chemical route utilizing the Cerium (III) chloride alcoholic complex and Titanium (IV) isopropoxide is presented. The compound Ce5Ti15Cl16O30 (iOPr)4(OH-Et)15 was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and TG/DTG. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the oxides resulting from the thermal decomposition of the precursor at 1000 °C for 36 h indicated the formation of cubic cerianite (a = 5.417Å) and tetragonal rutile (a = 4.592Å) and (c = 2.962 Å), with apparent crystallite sizes around 38 and 55nm, respectively.
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A novel and unique in a brazilian university experience for rigorous handling of chemical residues of research and teaching is described. The activities since 1998 of a laboratory for the adequate treatment and recovery of chemicals at the São Carlos Campus of the University of São Paulo are summarized. The necessity of environment conscience future professional is enhanced.
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The chemotherapy agents against cancer may be classified as "cell cycle-specific" or "cell cycle-nonspecific". Nevertheless, several of them have their biological activity related to any kind of action on DNA such as: antimetabolic agents (DNA synthesis inhibition), inherently reactive agents (DNA alkylating electrophilic traps for macromolecular nucleophiles from DNA through inter-strand cross-linking - ISC - alkylation) and intercalating agents (drug-DNA interactions inherent to the binding made due to the agent penetration in to the minor groove of the double helix). The earliest and perhaps most extensively studied and most heavily employed clinical anticancer agents in use today are the DNA inter-strand cross-linking agents.
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Two amides, piperovatine and isopiperlonguminine, were isolated from the roots of Ottonia martiana Miq., a herbaceous shrub commonly used in folk medicine in the treatment of toothache. The crude extract (CE) and isolated compounds were submitted to bioautography and allelopathic assay. The bioautograms allowed the detection of compounds with antibacterial activity and the identification of the bioactive substance piperovatine. The CE and amides exhibited an allelopathic effect on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seedling growth but did not affect the seeds' germinability.
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This work contains the theoretical simulation of the conformation of diphenyl-4-amine sodium sulphonate (DASNa) and correlates its geometry with conductivity, showing that the conductivity increases as the molecule becomes more planar. The solvent effect was also evaluated, using water and dimethylsulfoxide. Some properties, such as bond distance, vibration al frequency and effective charge were calculated. The utilization of diphenyl-4-amine sodium sulphonate (DASNa) as dopant of aniline was investigated in view of the HOMO-LUMO energy gap.
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This work describes the evolution of temperature measurement in the last four centuries using thermometers based on the thermal expansion of liquids such as ethyl alcohol and mercury. The concept of temperature was strongly dependent on the researcher and there was no systematic temperature scale for universal use. The precursor of the common thermometer was the thermoscope, probably invented at the end of the XVIth century. In the XVIIIth century the instrument was greatly improved and several thermometric scales were proposed some of which have been in use until now. These scales were based on arbitrary points. Mercury and ethyl alcohol were the most employed thermometric fluids. In the XIXth century, the concept of absolute zero was a great advance in this field. The most important contribution during the XXth century was the establishment of international temperature scales. The design of the thermometer has been essentially the same along the last 300 years, but many models were proposed for industrial and research purposes. Its association with the densimeter was of great importance for control of industrial chemical processes and also for teaching purposes in the past. Nowadays, there is a clear tendency to replace mercury-based thermometers by electronic digital models. Thermochemistry is the natural relationship between temperature and chemistry.
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Soil organic matter (SOM) plays an important role in physical, chemical and biological properties of soil. Therefore, the amount of SOM is important for soil management for sustainable agriculture. The objective of this work was to evaluate the amount of SOM in oxisols by different methods and compare them, using principal component analysis, regarding their limitations. The methods used in this work were Walkley-Black, elemental analysis, total organic carbon (TOC) and thermogravimetry. According to our results, TOC and elemental analysis were the most satisfactory methods for carbon quantification, due to their better accuracy and reproducibility.
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The phytochemical investigation of the flowers of Pterogyne nitens (Caesalpinioideae) resulted in the isolation and identification of nine phenolic derivatives, quercetin 3-O-sophoroside, taxifolin, astilbin, ourateacatechin, caffeic, ferulic, sinapic, chlorogenic and gallic acid, besides two guanidine alkaloids, pterogynine, pterogynidine. This is the first time these compounds have been reported in P. nitens flowers. As this is a monospecific genus, these secondary metabolites may have taxonomical significance. Their structures were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including two-dimensional NMR techniques.