303 resultados para Hepatite C Prognóstico
Resumo:
Foram estudados os fatores envolvidos na oferta de sorologia para detectar a infecção pelo vÃrus de imunodeficiência humana, no atendimento de adultos no ambulatório do Hospital Universitário de BrasÃlia, por meio de aplicação de questionários especÃficos a 53 médicos e 347 usuários. Os resultados revelaram que 96,8% dos usuários identificaram como fator de risco para adquirir a infecção as relações sexuais desprotegidas e 13,6% desconheciam a possibilidade de transmissão vertical. Em relação à exposição dos usuários aos fatores de risco, 88,2% praticaram relações sexuais desprotegidas, 22,2% tiveram diagnóstico de outras doenças de transmissão sexual e 22,2% tinham recebido transfusões sangüÃneas. Os fatores de risco mais questionados pelos médicos foram a prática de relações sexuais desprotegidas e o diagnóstico prévio de hepatite B ou C (35,9% para ambos). Dezoito por cento dos usuários receberam oferta de testes no Hospital Universitário de BrasÃlia; 15,8% foram testados e 7,4% dos indivÃduos testados não tiveram acesso ao resultado. Noventa e um por cento dos médicos referiram sentir-se confortáveis ao oferecer testes e apenas 30,4% oferecem-nos rotineiramente. O estudo confirma a perda de oportunidades de testagem sorológica para detectar a infecção no Hospital Universitário de BrasÃlia e reforça a necessidade de implementar medidas para corrigir o problema.
Resumo:
The role of sexual or intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C is controversial. A phylogenetic analysis was performed on the non-structural region 5B of the hepatitis C virus (NS5B-HCV). High percentages of homology (mean of 98.3%) were shown between the couples. Twenty (83.3%) of the 24 men but only two of the women (8.3%) reported having had sexually transmitted diseases during their lives. The risk factors for HCV acquisition were blood transfusion (10 couples), use of illegal injected drugs (17), use of inhalants (15), acupuncture (5) and tattoos (5). The shared use of personal hygiene items included toothbrushes between six couples (25%), razor blades between 16 (66.7%), nail clippers between 21 (87.5%) and manicure pliers between 14 (58.3%). The high degree of similarity of the hepatitis C virus genome supports the hypothesis of hepatitis C virus transmission between these couples. The shared use of personal hygiene items suggests the possibility of intrafamilial transmission of infection.
Resumo:
O objetivo deste estudo foi definir a prevalência dos vÃrus linfotrópico de células T humana tipo 1 e 2 em pacientes positivos para o vÃrus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Avaliamos 319 indivÃduos atendidos em clÃnicas de Ribeirão Preto e Capital. Os pacientes foram entrevistados e testados sorologicamente. Foram seqüenciadas as regiões tax e long terminal repeat para diferenciação e determinação do subtipo. A soroprevalência geral foi de 7,5% (24/319) e esteve associada somente com uso de drogas injetáveis e ao vÃrus da hepatite tipo C (p<0, 001). O genoma viral foi detectado em 13 das 24 amostras, sendo 12 caracterizadas como HTLV-2 subtipo 2c e uma como 1a. Nossos dados mostraram que o uso de drogas injetáveis é um importante fator de risco para a transmissão de HTLV-2 em populações infectadas pelo vÃrus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1.
Resumo:
Twenty-four hepatitis C virus patients coinfected with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 were compared with six coinfected with HTLV-2 and 55 with HCV alone, regarding clinical, epidemiological, laboratory and histopathological data. Fischer's discriminant analysis was applied to define functions capable of differentiating between the study groups (HCV, HCV/HTLV-1 and HCV/HTLV-2). The discriminant accuracy was evaluated by cross-validation. Alcohol consumption, use of intravenous drugs or inhaled cocaine and sexual partnership with intravenous drug users were more frequent in the HCV/HTLV-2 group, whereas patients in the HCV group more often reported abdominal pain or a sexual partner with hepatitis. Coinfected patients presented higher platelet counts, but aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were higher among HCV-infected subjects. No significant difference between the groups was seen regarding liver histopathological findings. Through discriminant analysis, classification functions were defined, including sex, age group, intravenous drug use and sexual partner with hepatitis. Cross-validation revealed high discriminant accuracy for the HCV group.
Resumo:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has quite high prevalence in the prison system, reaching rates of up to 40%. This survey aimed to estimate the prevalence of HCV infection and evaluate risk factors for this exposure among male inmates at the Ribeirão Preto Prison, State of São Paulo, Brazil, between May and August 2003. A total of 333 participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire and underwent immunoenzymatic assaying to investigate anti-HCV. The prevalence of HCV infection among the inmates was 8.7% (95% CI: 5.7-11.7). The participants'mean age was 30.1 years, and the prevalence was predominantly among individuals over 30 years of age. Multivariate analysis showed that the variables that were independently associated with HCV infection were age > 30 years, tattooing, history of previous hepatitis, previous injection drug use and previous needle-sharing.
Resumo:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GB virus C on laboratory markers and histological parameters among HIV-seropositive patients coinfected with HCV. Lower degrees of hepatic lesions were observed in the triple-infected patients, in comparison with HIV-HCV coinfected patients who were negative for GBV-C RNA.
Resumo:
INTRODUÇÃO: a hiporretinolemia constitui fator prognóstico independente em pacientes com AIDS, e a atividade inflamatória causa redução dos nÃveis séricos deste nutriente na população em geral. Entretanto, faltam estudos que avaliem o impacto da atividade inflamatória sobre o nÃvel sérico do retinol em pacientes com AIDS. MÉTODOS: foram avaliados transversalmente 41 pacientes internados por complicações da AIDS, que tiveram quantificados alguns marcadores de inflamação (proteÃna C reativa e fator de necrose tumoral alfa) e concentrações séricas de retinol e da proteÃna de ligação do retinol. RESULTADOS: apesar da baixa (14,6%) prevalência de hiporretinolemia evidenciou-se correlação negativa dos marcadores de inflamação com os nÃveis séricos de retinol e de sua proteÃna de ligação nos pacientes com AIDS. CONCLUSÕES: a atividade inflamatória de fase aguda está associada a baixos nÃveis séricos de retinol em indivÃduos com AIDS.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION: Although various studies have been published regarding the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with peginterferon (Peg-IFN) and ribavirin, little is known regarding the real impact of gender on the characteristics that influence the effectiveness and safety of antiviral treatment for CHC patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of gender on HCV treatment outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analytical study was conducted among selected carriers of CHC genotype 1, who were treated with Peg-IFN α-2b at a dose of 1.5 μg/kg or Peg-IFN α-2a at a dose of 180 μg/week plus a ribavirin dose of 1,000-1,250 mg/day, according to weight, between 2001 and 2007. RESULTS: Among 181 patients undergoing treatment, the mean age was 46.4 ± 11.0 years and 46% were women. At baseline, 32% of the patients had advanced fibrosis (F3-F4 Scheuer), and 83% of the subjects had viral load > 400,000 IU/ml, without significant difference between the genders (p = 0.428 and p = 0.452, respectively). When compared with men, women had higher incidence of many adverse events such as anemia (p < 0.001) and higher need for dose reduction, for both Peg-IFN (p = 0.004) and ribavirin (p = 0.006). However, the rate of sustained virological response (SVR) did not differ between the genders: 45% (female) vs 41% (male); p=0.464. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that women and men react differently to combined therapy, especially in relation to the incidence of adverse events and the need for dose modification. Nevertheless, these differences do not influence the SVR rate.
Hepatite grave e icterÃcia durante a evolução de infecção pelo vÃrus da dengue: relato de caso
Resumo:
Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, que apresentou quadro de febre hemorrágica da dengue, evoluindo com icterÃcia e importantes alterações da coagulação. O diagnóstico de dengue foi realizado pela presença de anticorpos IgM antidengue (MAC-ELISA). Esta doença deveria ser considerada no diagnóstico diferencial das icterÃcias febris agudas.
Resumo:
INTRODUÇÃO: A hepatite crônica B é uma das doenças infecciosas mais frequentes no mundo e constitui um grave problema de saúde pública MÉTODOS: Para avaliar a eficácia dos análogos de núcleosÃdeo/nucletÃdeo utilizados no seu tratamento (adefovir dipivoxil, entecavir e telbivudina) foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clÃnicos randomizados. Foram consultadas, dentre outras, as bases de dados PubMed e LILACS RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 29 artigos entre os publicados de janeiro/1970 até dezembro/2009 CONCLUSÕES: Todos os análogos de núcleosÃdeo/nucletÃdeo apresentam eficácia superior ou similar à lamivudina. O entecavir pode ser indicado para o tratamento da hepatite B crônica como alternativa à lamivudina em pacientes HBeAg positivo e negativo virgens de tratamento, considerando seu baixo potencial de resistência viral. A adição de adefovir à lamivudina apresentou bons resultados em pacientes resistentes à lamivudina. O uso de entecavir e telbivudina nesses pacientes apresenta risco de resistência cruzada. Telbivudina é um dos mais recentes antivirais disponÃveis, mas resistência antiviral já documentada representa limitação ao seu uso como opção terapêutica à lamivudina. Eventos adversos aos análogos de núcleosÃdeo/nucletÃdeo foram similares em caracterÃsticas, gravidade e incidência quando comparados à lamivudina e placebo.
Resumo:
INTRODUÇÃO: Sepse é considerada doença grave com alta mortalidade. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a incidência e evolução da sepse em pacientes crÃticos. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada vigilância prospectiva de sepse na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Adultos, de abril-dezembro de 2007. RESULTADOS: A frequência de pacientes/dia foi 442. Setenta e cinco (18,6%) pacientes tinham sepse; destes, 72% hospitalar. As taxas de sepse grave e choque séptico por paciente/dia foram 5,0 e 3,1, respectivamente. A mortalidade total foi 34,6%. Sessenta e um por cento dos casos tinham diagnóstico microbiológico. CONCLUSÕES: A sepse apresentou-se numa frequência maior, do que a usualmente descrita na literatura.
Resumo:
INTRODUÇÃO: Os objetivos desse estudo foram confirmar a existência de um surto de hepatite A, descrever o evento por pessoa, tempo e lugar, formular hipóteses sobre modo de transmissão e propor medidas de prevenção e controle. MÉTODOS: Realizado um estudo descritivo do tipo série de casos e investigação ambiental. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu um surto a partir de março de 2009. Quarenta e uma (71%) pessoas recebiam água sem tratamento no seu domicÃlio. Foram detectados coliformes termotolerantes em 20/58 (34%) amostras de água. CONCLUSÕES: A investigação sugere que a hipótese principal para esse surto foi à ingestão de água contaminada.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies concerning HCV genotypic distribution in the Brazilian Amazon are scarce. Thus, this study determined the patterns of distribution of HCV genotypes among different exposure categories in the State of Pará, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 312 HCV-infected individuals belonging to different categories of exposure, who were attended at the HEMOPA, CENPREN and a private hemodialysis clinic in Belém. They were tested for HCV antibodies using an immunoenzymatic test, RNA-HCV, using real-time PCR and HCV genotyping through phylogenetic analysis of the 5' UTR. The population groups were epidemiologically characterized according to data collected in a brief interview or medical consultation. RESULTS: Genotype 1 predominated in all the different categories of HCV exposure. HCV genotypic distribution among blood donors comprised genotypes 1 (94%) and 3 (6%). All patients with chronic hematologic diseases had HCV genotype 1. The genotypic distribution in illicit-drug users comprised genotypes 1 (59.6%) and 3 (40.4%). In patients under hemodialysis, genotypes 1 (90.1%), 2 (3.3%), and 3 (6.6%) were detected. Finally, the frequency of genotypes 1 and 3 was significantly different between the groups: BD and DU, PUH and DU, PUH and PCHD and PCHD and DU. CONCLUSIONS: The genotypic frequency and distribution of HCV in different categories of exposure in the State of Pará showed a predominance of genotype 1, regardless of the possible risk of infection.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern in Brazil. There are few past studies on this issue, especially among riparian communities. This study aims at determining the seroprevalence of viral hepatitis B and C in the riparian community of Pacuà Island, within the Cametá municipality of Pará State, Brazil. Moreover, this study aims to investigate the principal risk factors that this community is exposed to. METHODS: The current study has accessed blood samples from 181 volunteers who have answered an epidemiological questionnaire. Analyses on serological markers have been tested with commercial ELISA kits for detecting HBsAg, total anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV. Within seroreactive patients for HCV, RT-PCR and line probe assay have been performed to identify the viral genotype. RESULTS: In the serological marker analysis for hepatitis B, no reactivity for HBsAg, rate of 1.1% for total anti-HBc, and rate of 19.3% for anti-HBs have been observed. On hepatitis C, 8.8% seroprevalence has been found, in which 62.5% have gotten viral RNA. Among the risk factors studied, the following have been highlighted: non-use of condoms, sharing of cutting instruments, use of illicit drugs, and reports of family disease with HBV or HCV. CONCLUSIONS: The vaccination coverage against HBV is low, and the high prevalence of HCV within this community has been observed.
Resumo:
INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C in reducing the consequences generated by the production of free radicals in the acute and chronic phases of Chagas disease, two different doses of ascorbic acid were administered orally to 60 mice infected by Trypanosoma cruzi QM2 strain. METHODS: The animals were divided into six groups: G1, G2, and G3 for the acute phase study, and G'1, G'2, and G'3 for the chronic stage. The groups G1 and G'1 received 8.6x10-4mg/g of vitamin C daily, whereas G2 and G'2 received 7.14x10-3mg/g daily. The other groups, G3 and G'3, were considered placebos and received 10µL of mineral water. RESULTS: The study of the acute phase showed statistically significant differences between G1 and the other groups at various count days of the parasitemia evolution. The multiplying parasite was slower in G1 until the 11th day, but on the 22nd day it had greater parasitemia than in G2 and G3, and from the 36th day on, parasitemia stabilized at higher levels. However, when the histopathology of acute and chronic phases is considered, one does not note significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of two different doses of vitamin C was not able to protect mice and to contain the oxidative stress caused by free radicals formed by the metabolism of oxygen (reactive oxygen species) and nitrogen (reactive nitrogen species).