Random regression models to estimate genetic parameters for milk production of Guzerat cows using orthogonal Legendre polynomials

The objective of this work was to compare random regression models for the estimation of genetic parameters for Guzerat milk production, using orthogonal Legendre polynomials. Records (20,524) of test-day milk yield (TDMY) from 2,816 first-lactation Guzerat cows were used. TDMY grouped into 10-monthly classes were analyzed for additive genetic effect and for environmental and residual permanent effects (random effects), whereas the contemporary group, calving age (linear and quadratic effects) and mean lactation curve were analized as fixed effects. Trajectories for the additive genetic and permanent environmental effects were modeled by means of a covariance function employing orthogonal Legendre polynomials ranging from the second to the fifth order. Residual variances were considered in one, four, six, or ten variance classes. The best model had six residual variance classes. The heritability estimates for the TDMY records varied from 0.19 to 0.32. The random regression model that used a second-order Legendre polynomial for the additive genetic effect, and a fifth-order polynomial for the permanent environmental effect is adequate for comparison by the main employed criteria. The model with a second-order Legendre polynomial for the additive genetic effect, and that with a fourth-order for the permanent environmental effect could also be employed in these analyses.

Anchoviella hildebrandi n. sp. Engraulídeo do rio Paraguaçú: Bahia

Trata o presente trabalho da descrição de Anchoviella hildebrandi n. sp., Engraulídeo da região de Caxoeira, rio Paraguaçú, na Bahia. A espécie é muito próxima de Anchoviella brasiliensis HILDEBRAND, do rio Ribeira de Iguapé (E. de S. Paulo) e de Anchoviella jamesi (JORDAN & SEALE) , do rio Jutai e lago Aleixo (E. do Amazonas). O autor apresenta a diagnose da nova especie, confrontando os caracteres que Ihe sao peculiares com os das duas especies ácima citadas. A denominacáo dada á nova especie constitue modesta homenagem á memoria do Dr. SAMUE L F. HILDEBRAND, ictiólogo do U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service, de Washington.

Impact of irrigation on yield and energy balance of the production of oil and cake of two sunflower varieties

The energy balance for the production of sunflower oil and cake was carried out during the agricultural and industrial stage phase, where it was considered a cold extraction by hydraulic pressing, with the plant location in a rural area with a radius of 30km range. Data on productivity was used in two varieties of sunflower (Helio 358 and Aguará 04) grown in different seasons (2007/2008, 2008/2009), under different irrigation levels. Data showed that irrigation resulted in an increase in productivity of both varieties, and the best response was observed for Aguará 04 variety. Moreover, the increased intensity of irrigation negatively affected the energy balance, reducing the ratio between energy produced and energy used in the production chain. The most significant inputs in the energy intake were fertilizer followed by diesel oil, when irrigation was not used for. When the irrigation technique was used, the most significant inputs, in order of representativeness, were: energy, fertilizer and equipment.

Influência da vazão de água sobre o rendimento de um coletor solar plano construído em termoplástico

ResumoAvaliou-se o rendimento térmico de um coletor solar plano construído em termoplástico, em condições reais de operação, registrando as temperaturas de entrada e de saída de água na placa, mediante quatro distintas vazões mássicas de água: 0,026 kg s-1; 0,04 kg s-1; 0,054 kg s-1; e 0,068 kg s-1. Os ensaios foram realizados no Laboratório de Termodinâmica e Energia da Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola da Unicamp. Com base nos valores de temperatura da água na entrada e na saída das placas, foram calculados os valores de potência térmica [W m-2]. O maior valor médio diário de potência térmica (753 W m-2) foi obtido para a vazão de 0,054 kg s-1. Para a maior vazão (0,068 kg s-1), o valor de potência térmica foi similar ao obtido para a vazão de 0,04 kg s-1 (715 W m-2), mostrando a existência de uma vazão ótima de operação.

Caracterização granulométrica de biomassa polidispersa pelo método de peneiramento mecânico

RESUMO A biomassa polidispersa tem como uma de suas principais características as variações das dimensões e dos formatos de suas partículas. Os métodos de determinação do diâmetro médio por peneiramento, amplamente utilizados devido a sua relativa simplicidade e baixo custo, quando aplicados a materiais heterogêneos, como a biomassa polidispersa, podem levar a resultados equivocados. Assim, com o objetivo de obter resultados mais precisos, foram avaliados três métodos de determinação do diâmetro médio de partículas de biomassa polidispersa, baseados na técnica de fracionamento por peneiramento mecânico: um de forma analítica (Diâmetro de Sauter) e outros dois por meio de análise gráfica das funções de distribuição das partículas (Função de Densidade de Distribuição Mássica e Função Cumulativa/Aumentativa de Distribuição). O método baseado na análise gráfica da função da distribuição da densidade mássica (FDDM) foi o mais eficiente para a análise do bagaço de cana, pois permitiu identificar as diferentes populações existentes e identificar com clareza as dimensões características, mostrando assim ser uma poderosa ferramenta para a análise granulométrica de biomassas polidispersas.

Effect of different substrates in aquaponic lettuce production associated with intensive tilapia farming with water recirculation systems

ABSTRACT The integration of fish farming in intensive system and plant production, called "aquaponics" is practiced successfully in countries like the USA, Australia and Europe. In Brazil, this integration has attracted the attention of researchers and producers. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two substrates (crushed stone number 3, CS III and flexible polyurethane foam, FPF) on the production of aquaponic lettuce, moreover, to show that the residual water from intensive tilapia production provides sufficient qualitative characteristics for competitive production of lettuce without adding commercial fertilizers. The treatment in which FPF was used provided higher concentrations of macro and micronutrients in the shoots, higher production of fresh matter of shoots (95.48 g plant-1) and a larger number of leaves (14.90) relative to CS III. These results were attributed to the lower post-transplanting stress and the higher water retention time provided by the FPF. The residual water from tilapia intensive farming can provide sufficient nutrients for the production of lettuce, making the supplementary fertilization with commercial products unnecessary. Thus, the FPF presents the most suitable conditions to be used as substrate in aquaponics system with recirculation of the residual water from the intensive tilapia farming.