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FUNDAMENTO: O acmulo de gordura visceral considerado o principal fator de risco para doenas cardiovasculares e metablicas. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalncia de obesidade visceral e avaliar sua associao com fatores de risco cardiovasculares em mulheres jovens do Estado de Pernambuco. MTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado com dados da "III Pesquisa Estadual de Sade e Nutrio", envolvendo mulheres entre 25 e 36 anos. Avaliaram-se as variveis: ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Circunferncia da Cintura (CC), Razo Cintura-Estatura (RCE), Volume de Gordura Visceral (VGV) estimado por equao preditiva, Presso Arterial Sistlica e Diastlica (PAS, PAD), Colesterol Total (CT), Triglicerdeo (TG), Glicemia de Jejum (GJ). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliadas 517 mulheres, com mediana de idade de 29 anos (27-32) e prevalncia de obesidade visceral de 30,6%. Valores de IMC, PAS, PAD e TG foram superiores no grupo com obesidade visceral: IMC = 28,0 kg/m (25,0 - 21,4) vs 23,9 kg/m (21,5 - 26,4); PAS = 120,0 mmHg (110,0 - 130,0) vs 112,0 mmHg (100,0 - 122,0); PAD = 74 mmHg (70 - 80) vs 70 mmHg (63 - 80); TG = 156,0 mg/dL (115,0 - 203,2) vs 131,0 mg/dL (104,0 - 161,0), respectivamente, p < 0,01. Idade, PAS, PAD, TG e CT apresentaram correlao positiva e significante com o VGV: r = 0,171; 0,224; 0,163; 0,278; 0,124; respectivamente, p < 0,005. CONCLUSO: Verificou-se uma elevada prevalncia de obesidade visceral, estando estatisticamente correlacionada a fatores de risco cardiovasculares.

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FUNDAMENTO: Diversos autores correlacionaram o aumento do risco cardiovascular com o estado nutricional, por&#233;m existem diferentes crit&#233;rios para a classifica&#231;&#227;o de sobrepeso e obesidade em crian&#231;as. Objetivos: Avaliar o desempenho de tr&#234;s crit&#233;rios de classifica&#231;&#227;o nutricional em crian&#231;as, como definidores da presen&#231;a de obesidade e preditores de n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos elevados em escolares. M&#201;TODOS: Oitocentas e dezessete crian&#231;as de 6 a 13 anos matriculadas em escolas p&#250;blicas do munic&#237;pio de Vila Velha (ES) foram submetidas a avalia&#231;&#227;o antropom&#233;trica e de press&#227;o arterial. A classifica&#231;&#227;o quanto ao estado nutricional foi estabelecida mediante dois crit&#233;rios internacionais (CDC/NCHS 2000 e IOTF 2000) e um crit&#233;rio brasileiro (Conde e Monteiro 2006). RESULTADOS: A preval&#234;ncia de excesso de peso foi maior quando utilizado o crit&#233;rio de Conde e Monteiro (27%), e menor pelo crit&#233;rio do IOTF (15%). Press&#227;o arterial elevada foi observada em 7,3% das crian&#231;as. Identificou-se forte associa&#231;&#227;o entre a presen&#231;a de excesso de peso e a ocorr&#234;ncia de n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos elevados, independentemente do crit&#233;rio utilizado (p < 0,001). O crit&#233;rio que demonstrou maior sensibilidade em prever PA elevada foi o de Conde e Monteiro (44%), enquanto o de maior especificidade (94%), al&#233;m de maior acur&#225;cia geral (63%), foi o do CDC. CONCLUS&#213;ES: A preval&#234;ncia de excesso de peso em crian&#231;as brasileiras &#233; maior quando utilizado o crit&#233;rio de classifica&#231;&#227;o de Conde e Monteiro, e menor quando utilizado o crit&#233;rio do IOTF. O crit&#233;rio de classifica&#231;&#227;o brasileiro demonstrou ser o mais sens&#237;vel como preditor de risco de PA elevada nessa amostra.

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Size and shape in eggs of Rhode Island Red and Light Sussex breeds and in the hibrid Rhode x Sussex were studied. These characters are influenced by quantitative genes. Major and minor diameter were used for estimating size of the eggs and the ratio minor/major diameter for shape indice. It was found, in the material analyzed, that: a) the eggs laid by the sa- me chick are pratically uniform; b) the correlation coeficient between major and minor diameter is weak; c) Rhode Island Red has short eggs than Light Sussex; d) short eggs is dominant on long eggs; e) egg shape is the same in Rhode Island Red and Light Sussex breeds and different in the hibrid, which has rounder eggs than the breeds.

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This paper deals with problems on population genetics in Hymenoptera and particularly in social Apidae. 1) The studies on populations of Hymenoptera were made according to the two basic types of reproduction: endogamy and panmixia. The populations of social Apinae have a mixed method of reproduction with higher percentage of panmixia and a lower of endogamy. This is shown by the following a) males can enter any hive in swarming time; b) males of Meliponini are expelled from hives which does not need them, and thus, are forced to look for some other place; c) Meliponini males were seen powdering themselves with pollen, thus becoming more acceptable in any other hive. The panmixia is not complete owing to the fact that the density of the breeding population as very low, even in the more frequent species as low as about 2 females and 160 males per reproductive area. We adopted as selection values (or survival indices) the expressions according to Brieger (1948,1950) which may be summarised as follows; a population: p2AA + pq Aa + q2aa became after selection: x p2AA + 2pq Aa + z qaa. For alge-braics facilities Brieger divided the three selective values by y giving thus: x/y p2 AA + y/y 2 pq Aa + z/y qaa. He called x/y of RA and z/y of Ra, that are survival or selective index, calculated in relation to the heterozygote. In our case all index were calculated in relation to the heterozygote, including the ones for haploid males; thus we have: RA surveval index of genotype AA Ra surveval index of genotype aa R'A surveval index of genotype A R'a surveval index of genotype a 1 surveval index of genotype Aa The index R'A ande R'a were equalized to RA and Ra, respectively, for facilities in the conclusions. 2) Panmitic populations of Hymenoptera, barring mutations, migrations and selection, should follow the Hardy-Weinberg law, thus all gens will be present in the population in the inicial frequency (see Graphifc 1). 3) Heterotic genes: If mutation for heterotic gene ( 1 &gt; RA &gt; Ra) occurs, an equilibrium will be reached in a population when: P = R A + Ra - 2Ra _____________ (9) 2(R A + Ra - RA - Ra q = R A + Ra - 2RA _____________ (10) 2(R A + Ra - RA - Ra A heterotic gene in an hymenopteran population may be maintained without the aid of new mutation only if the survival index of the most viable mutant (RA) does not exced the limiting value given by the formula: R A = 1 + &#8730;1+Ra _________ 4 If RA has a value higher thah the one permitted by the formula, then only the more viable gene will remain present in the population (see Graphic 10). The only direct proof for heterotic genes in Hymenoptera was given by Mackensen and Roberts, who obtained offspring from Apis mellefera L. queens fertilized by their own sons. Such inbreeding resulted in a rapid loss of vigor the colony; inbred lines intercrossed gave a high hybrid vigor. Other fats correlated with the "heterosis" problem are; a) In a colony M. quadrifasciata Lep., which suffered severely from heat, the percentage of deths omong males was greater .than among females; b) Casteel and Phillips had shown that in their samples (Apis melifera L). the males had 7 times more abnormalities tian the workers (see Quadros IV to VIII); c) just after emerging the males have great variation, but the older ones show a variation equal to that of workers; d) The tongue lenght of males of Apis mellifera L., of Bombus rubicundus Smith (Quadro X), of Melipona marginata Lep. (Quadro XI), and of Melipona quadrifasciata Lep. Quadro IX, show greater variationthan that of workers of the respective species. If such variation were only caused by subviables genes a rapid increasse of homozigoty for the most viable alleles should be expected; then, these .wild populations, supposed to be in equilibrium, could .not show such variability among males. Thus we conclude that heterotic genes have a grat importance in these cases. 4) By means of mathematical models, we came to the conclusion tht isolating genes (Ra &#094; Ra &gt; 1), even in the case of mutations with more adaptability, have only the opor-tunity of survival when the population number is very low (thus the frequency of the gene in the breeding population will be large just after its appearence). A pair of such alleles can only remain present in a population when in border regions of two races or subspecies. For more details see Graphics 5 to 8. 5) Sex-limited genes affecting only females, are of great importance toHymenoptera, being subject to the same limits and formulas as diploid panmitic populations (see formulas 12 and 13). The following examples of these genes were given: a) caste-determining genes in the genus Melipona; b) genes permiting an easy response of females to differences in feeding in almost all social Hymenoptera; c) two genes, found in wild populations, one in Trigona (Plebia) mosquito F. SMITH (quadro XII) and other in Melipona marginata marginata LEP. (Quadro XIII, colonies 76 and 56) showing sex-limited effects. Sex-limited genes affecting only males do not contribute to the plasticity or genie reserve in hymenopteran populations (see formula 14). 6) The factor time (life span) in Hymenoptera has a particular importance for heterotic genes. Supposing one year to be the time unit and a pair of heterotic genes with respective survival indice equal to RA = 0, 90 and Ra = 0,70 to be present; then if the life time of a population is either one or two years, only the more viable gene will remain present (see formula 11). If the species has a life time of three years, then both alleles will be maintained. Thus we conclude that in specis with long lif-time, the heterotic genes have more importance, and should be found more easily. 7) The colonies of social Hymenoptera behave as units in competition, thus in the studies of populations one must determine the survival index, of these units which may be subdivided in indice for egg-laying, for adaptive value of the queen, for working capacity of workers, etc. 8) A study of endogamic hymenopteran populations, reproduced by sister x brother mating (fig. 2), lead us to the following conclusions: a) without selection, a population, heterozygous for one pair of alleles, will consist after some generations (theoretically after an infinite number of generation) of females AA fecundated with males A and females aa fecundated with males a (see Quadro I). b) Even in endogamic population there is the theoretical possibility of the presence of heterotic genes, at equilibrium without the aid of new mutations (see Graphics 11 and 12), but the following! conditions must be satisfied: I - surveval index of both homozygotes (RA e Ra) should be below 0,75 (see Graphic 13); II - The most viable allele must riot exced the less viable one by more than is permited by the following formula (Pimentel Gomes 1950) (see Gra-fic 14) : 4 R5A + 8 Ra R4A - 4 Ra RA (Ra - 1) RA - - Ra (4 Ra + 4 Ra - 1) R A + 2 Ra < o Considering these two conditions, the existance of heterotic genes in endogamic populations of Hymenoptera \&gt;ecames very improbable though not - impossible. 9) Genie mutation offects more hymenopteran than diploid populations. Thus we have for lethal genes in diploid populations: u = q2, and in Hymenoptera: u = s, being u the mutation ratio and s the frequency of the mutant in the male population. 10) Three factors, important to competition among species of Meliponini were analysed: flying capacity of workers, food gathering capacity of workers, egg-laying of the queen. In this connection we refer to the variability of the tongue lenght observed in colonies from several localites, to the method of transporting the pollen in the stomach, from some pots (Melliponi-ni storage alveolus) to others (e. g. in cases of pillage), and to the observation that the species with the most populous hives are almost always the most frequent ones also. 11) Several defensive ways used for Meliponini to avoid predation are cited, but special references are made upon the camouflage of both hive (fig. 5) and hive entrance (fig. 4) and on the mimetism (see list in page ). Also under the same heading we described the method of Lestrimelitta for pillage. 12) As mechanisms important for promoting genetic plasticity of hymenopteran species we cited: a) cytological variations and b) genie reserve. As to the former, duplications and numerical variations of chromosomes were studied. Diprion simile ATC was cited as example for polyploidy. Apis mellife-ra L. (n = 16) also sugests polyploid origen since: a) The genus Melipona, which belongs to a" related tribe, presents in all species so far studied n = 9 chromosomes and b) there occurs formation of dyads in the firt spermatocyte division. It is su-gested that the origin of the sex-chromosome of Apis mellifera It. may be related to the possible origin of diplo-tetraploidy in this species. With regards to the genie reserve, several possible types of mutants were discussed. They were classified according to their survival indices; the heterotic and neutral mutants must be considered as more important for the genie reserve. 13) The mean radius from a mother to a daghter colony was estimated as 100 meters. Since the Meliponini hives swarm only once a year we may take 100 meters a year as the average dispersion of female Meliponini in ocordance to data obtained from Trigona (tetragonisca) jaty F. SMITH and Melipona marginata LEP., while other species may give different values. For males the flying distance was roughly estimated to be 10 times that for females. A review of the bibliography on Meliponini swarm was made (pg. 43 to 47) and new facts added. The population desity (breeding population) corresponds in may species of Meliponini to one male and one female per 10.000 square meters. Apparently the males are more frequent than the females, because there are sometimes many thousands, of males in a swarm; but for the genie frequency the individuals which have descendants are the ones computed. In the case of Apini and Meliponini, only one queen per hive and the males represented by. the spermatozoos in its spermateca are computed. In Meliponini only one male mate with the queen, while queens of Apis mellijera L. are fecundated by an average of about 1, 5 males. (Roberts, 1944). From the date cited, one clearly sees that, on the whole, populations of wild social bees (Meliponini) are so small that the Sewall Wright effect may become of great importance. In fact applying the Wright's formula: f = ( 1/aN&#9794; + 1/aN&#9792;) (1 - 1/aN&#9794; + 1/aN&#9792;) which measures the fixation and loss of genes per generation, we see that the fixation or loss of genes is of about 7% in the more frequent species, and rarer species about 11%. The variation in size, tergite color, background color, etc, of Melipona marginata Lep. is atributed to this genetic drift. A detail, important to the survival of Meliponini species, is the Constance of their breeding population. This Constance is due to the social organization, i. e., to the care given to the reproductive individuals (the queen with its sperm pack), to the way of swarming, to the food storage intended to control variations of feeding supply, etc. 14) Some species of the Meliponini are adapted to various ecological conditions and inhabit large geographical areas (e. g. T. (Tetragonisca jaty F. SMITH), and Trigona (Nanno-trigona testaceicornis LEP.) while others are limited to narrow regions with special ecological conditions (e. g. M. fuscata me-lanoventer SCHWARZ). Other species still, within the same geographical region, profit different ecological conditions, as do M. marginata LEP. and M. quadrifasciata LEP. The geographical distribution of Melipona quadrifasciata LEP. is different according to the subspecies: a) subsp anthidio-des LEP. (represented in Fig. 7 by black squares) inhabits a region fron the North of the S. Paulo State to Northeastern Brazil, ,b) subspecies quadrifasciata LEP., (marked in Fig. 7 with black triangles) accurs from the South of S. Paulo State to the middle of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (South Brazil). In the margined region between these two areas of distribution, hi-brid colonies were found (Fig. 7, white circles); they are shown with more details in fig. 8, while the zone of hybridization is roughly indicated in fig. 9 (gray zone). The subspecies quadrifasciata LEP., has 4 complete yellow bands on the abdominal tergites while anthidioides LEP. has interrupted ones. This character is determined by one or two genes and gives different adaptative properties to the subspecies. Figs. 10 shows certains meteorological isoclines which have aproximately the same configuration as the limits of the hybrid zone, suggesting different climatic adaptabilities for both genotypes. The exis-tance of a border zone between the areas of both subspecies, where were found a high frequency of hybrids, is explained as follows: being each subspecies adapted to a special climatic zone, we may suppose a poor adaptation of either one in the border region, which is also a region of intermediate climatic conditions. Thus, the hybrids, having a combination of the parent qualities, will be best adapted to the transition zone. Thus, the hybrids will become heterotic and an equilibrium will be reached with all genotypes present in the population in the border region.

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Uma amostra de T. cruzi foi isolada pela primeira vez de um exemplar do Triatoma costalimai, capturado no municpio de Mambai, Gois. Estudos experimentais sobre infectividade e virulncia foram conduzidos em triatomneos, Calomys callosus (Rodentia) e camundongos albinos. Cultivo "In Vitro" da amostra isolada foi obtido com sucesso utilizando-se o meio LIT. As mensuraes realizadas em tripomastigotas sangucolas deram os seguintes resultados (mcg): comprimento total - 16,4 ( 1,1); flagelo livre - 4,9 ( 1,1); largura - 2,8 ( 0,6); distncia NA - 4,8 ( 0,6); distncia NP - 6,0 ( 0,5) e Indice nuclear 1,3.

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Oitenta e uma macaubeiras (A. sclerocarpa) foram derrubadas e dissecadas na periferia de Belo Horizonte, no perodo de abril/ 1979 a julho/1980. Foram capturados 463 exemplares de Rhodnius neglectus, com uma taxa de infestao das palmeiras de 60,5% e uma mdia de 9,45% triatomineos/palmeira positiva. O R. neglectus nesta regio parece apresentar uma unica gerao anual, com possibilidade de duas, sendo que o periodo de oviposio se relaciona com os meses quentes do ano, coincidindo com a predominncia de formas jovens sobre os adultos. A observao sugere que a densidade populacional do R. neglectus no seu ecotopo natural possa estar relacionada com a disponibilidade de alimento e com a presena de predadores como o Telenomus sp., formigas, aranhas, hemipteros, escorpies e pseudo-escorpies. O indice global de infeco pelo Trypanosoma cruzi foi de 15,9%, indicando o R. neglectus como um importante vetor silvestre deste tripanosomatdeo cuja principal fonte e constituda por marsupiais. O R. neglectus na regiao encontra-se estreitamente associado a palmeira de macaba, e as aves que as frequentam constituem sua principal fonte alimentar. As observaes no sugerem o R.neglectus como uma espcie transmissora do T. cruzi ao homem nesta regio.

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Schistosoma intercalatum, which causes human rectal schistosomiasis in Africa, still presents a great interest for its imprecise taxonomic status and its puzzling distribution in Africa. Two geographically isolated strains of S. intercalatum are recognized, the Lower Guinea strain and the Congo strain, which differ from each other in a number of morphological, biological and biochemical characteristics. Recent molecular data using RAPD markers indicate high divergence between the two strains, with values of Nei and Li's similarity indice allowing recognition of two genetically distinct taxa: experiments on pre- and post-isolating mechanisms are in progress in order to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of this polytypic species. With regard to its geographical distribution, S. intercalatum is characterized by the existence of two stable endemic areas (localized in Lower Guinea and North East of Democratic Republic of Congo) which correspond to the historical areas of species discovery, and the emergence during the last 15 years of new foci of the Lower Guinea strain outside previously known endemic areas. The absence of local adaptation of the Lower Guinea strain to its intermediate host, supported by experimental studies, may help to facilitate the spread of this strain. Nevertheless, the present restricted distribution of this species remains puzzling, because its potential snail hosts (bulinids) are widely distributed throughout much of Africa. Recent experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that interspecific sexual interactions between human schistosomes could have a role in limiting the distribution of S. intercalatum: the competitive sexual processes acting among human schistosomes show that S. haematobium and S. mansoni are always competitively dominant over S. intercalatum. These epidemiological observations lead the authors to distinguish three kinds of transmission foci for S. intercalatum.

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Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no ambiente de trabalho da produo de carvo vegetal em bateria de fornos de superfcie do tipo "rabo-quent"e, localizado na latitude de 1727' oeste e longitude de 4511' sul no Estado de Minas Gerais, nos meses de maro a junho de 2003. O objetivo geral foi avaliar o perfil de trabalhadores e as condies ergonmicas na atividade de produo de carvo vegetal em bateria de fornos de superfcie do tipo "rabo-quente". Os objetivos especficos foram: a) avaliar as caractersticas pessoais, sociais, econmicas e profissionais do operador; b) estudar o clima do local de trabalho (temperatura); e c) analisar a capacidade aerbica do trabalhador. A metodologia empregada foi a proposta por Couto (1996) Apud (1987) e Sant'anna (1998). Pela anlise dos dados, pde-se concluir que o indivduo da amostra era jovem, mestio, casado, com poucos filhos e poucos dependentes financeiros, baixo nvel de escolaridade, estatura mdia de 171,40 cm e mdia de peso corporal de 68,40 kg, 20% de analfabetos, de origem predominantemente rural e que professava a religio Catlica. O valor do Indice de Bulbo mido Termmetro de Globo (IBUTG) encontrado no ambiente de produo de carvo vegetal estava de acordo com a NR 15. A capacidade aerbica em mililitros de oxignio por quilograma por minuto apresentou valor mdio igual a 35,17 (ml02/kg/min); o menor valor foi igual a 30,56 (ml 02/kg/min) e o maior, igual a 39,23 (ml02/kg/min).

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Considerando que o regime de queima um dos principais fatores que alteram a estrutura e composio de espcies de uma comunidade vegetal, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do fogo na composio florstica e estrutura da vegetao lenhosa de Cerrado sentido restrito no Parque Estadual da Serra de Caldas Novas (PESCAN), Gois, submetida a diferentes regimes de queima. Foram utilizadas duas reas de Cerrado sentido restrito: uma delas submetida ao fogo em 2002 e 2006 e outra sem a passagem do fogo nessas duas pocas. Em cada rea foram estabelecidas 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, sendo includas no estudo todas as rvores (C30>15 cm). As duas reas estudadas apresentaram composio florstica similar, evidenciada pelo Coeficiente de Sorensen, o qual encontrou 84% de similaridade na composio florstica entre as reas. Entretanto, a estrutura da vegetao apresentou diferenas relevantes, evidenciada pelo Indice de Similaridade de Bray Curtis, o qual obteve valor de 0,67, que foi refletido por mudanas na estrutura das comunidades estudadas. A rea queimada apresentou menor nmero de indivduos, de espcies, menor valor de rea basal e, por conseguinte, do ndice de Diversidade de Shannon (H') e Equabilidade (J'). Nesse sentido, provavelmente a frequncia das queimadas ocorridas na rea no foram suficientes para evidenciar o efeito do fogo no processo de alterao na composio das espcies lenhosas. Entretanto, o fogo exerceu papel relevante na modificao da estrutura da vegetao.

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A perda de peso comum em uma grande variedade de doenas, particularmente entre as neoplasias. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de comparar a composio corporal de pacientes desnutridos portadores de cncer ou doenas benignas do aparelho digestivo, atravs da impedncia bioeltrica. Foram avaliados 35 pacientes desnutridos (Indice de massa corporal < 18,5), de 22 a 70 anos, 26 (74,3%) do sexo masculino e nove (25,7%) do sexo feminino, sendo 17 (48,6%) portadores de neoplasias e 18 (51,4%) com doenas benignas. O grupo com neoplasia apresentou idade superior ao de doenas benignas (55,510,4 vs 39,89,9; p<0,05). O percentual de perda de peso e os valores de albumina srica no foram diferentes entre os grupos. O percentual de gordura corporal, de massa magra e de gua corporal tambm no diferiu significantemente. Conclui-se que a variao da composio corporal no diferente em pacientes desnutridos portadores de doena neoplsica ou benigna do aparelho digestivo, quando eliminada a interferncia causada por diferentes graus de perda ponderal.

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Objetivos: estudar o perfil hemodinmico fetal em gestantes de alto risco e avaliar a relao das suas alteraes com os resultados perinatais. Mtodos: realizou-se estudo prospectivo transversal em 108 gestantes atendidas no ambulatrio de pr-natal da Clnica Obsttrica do HCFMUSP. Tais gestantes foram encaminhadas ao Setor de Avaliao de Vitalidade Fetal, onde foram submetidas dopplervelocimetria das artrias umbilicais, cerebral mdia, aorta, ducto venoso e veia cava inferior. Os critrios de incluso foram gestantes que apresentavam qualquer doena ou intercorrncia na gravidez encaminhadas para avaliao da vitalidade fetal, nas quais a resoluo da gestao ocorreu nas prximas 24 horas aps os exames. Foram excludas as pacientes com gestao gemelar ou com malformao fetal. Resultados: as repercusses hemodinmicas na circulao fetal foram demonstradas pela observao de alteraes na dopplervelocimetria das artrias umbilicais, aorta, artria cerebral mdia, ducto venoso e veia cava inferior. Valores alterados do ndice de pulsatilidade (IP) da artria umbilical foram observados em 25,9% dos casos, da aorta em 24,0% e da artria cerebral mdia em 34,2%. O IPV do ducto venoso estava alterado em 18,2% dos casos e o da veia cava inferior em 46,6%. Os segmentos da circulao fetal que melhor se correlacionaram com os resultados perinatais foram a artria umbilical e o ducto venoso. O IP alterado da artria umbilical correlacionou-se significativamente com ndices de Apgar de 1&ordm; minuto inferior a 7 em 42,8% e com necessidade de UTI neonatal em 50,0% dos casos. O IPV (indice de pulsatilidade para veias) do ducto venoso alterado apresentou associao significativa com o ndice de Apgar de 1&ordm; minuto inferior a 7 (52,6%), Apgar de 5&ordm; minuto inferior a 7 (15,7%), acidemia no nascimento (60,0%), necessidade de UTI neonatal (52,6%) e bito neonatal (21,1%). Os valores de predio da alterao do IPV do ducto venoso para o diagnstico de acidemia foram: sensibilidade de 39,1; especificidade de 90,4; valor preditivo positivo de 60,0 e valor preditivo negativo de 80,2. Concluso: a dopplervelocimetria permite avaliar a hemodinmica fetal nas mais variadas situaes e o estudo do ducto venoso constitui exame importante na avaliao das alteraes hemodinmicas decorrentes da hipoxia fetal.

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A atividade de trs frmacos antivirais (Aciclovir [ACV], Ganciclovir [GCV] e Foscarnet [PFA]) foi testada in vitro frente aos herpesvrus bovino tipos 1 (BoHV-1), 2 (BoHV-2) e 5 (BoHV-5). Para isso, utilizou-se o teste de reducao de placas virais em cultivo celular, testando-se diferentes concentracoes dos farmacos frente a 100 doses infectantes para 50% dos cultivos celulares (DICC50) dos respectivos virus. Pelo teste de MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), verificou-se que concentracoes inferiores a 200&#402;g/mL dos tres antivirais resultaram em indices de viabilidade de celulas MDBK e Hep2 superiores a 80%. Com base na concentracao citotoxica para 50% das celulas (CC50) e na concentracao dos farmacos efetiva para inibir em 50% o numero de placas virais (EC50), calculou-se o indice de seletividade (IS) dos antivirais para os tres herpesvirus. Assim, o ACV demonstrou ser moderadamente ativo frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 112,9&#402;g/mL e IS: 4,5), ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 114,2 &#402;g/mL e IS: 4,5) e BoHV-5 (EC50: 96,9&#402;g/mL e IS: 5,3). O GCV apresentou atividade moderada frente ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 33,5&#402;g/mL e IS: 16,6) e, em menor grau, contra o BoHV-5 (EC50: 123,2&#402;g/mL e IS: 4,5), sendo ineficaz frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 335,8&#402;g/mL e IS: 1,7). O PFA apresentou atividade antiviral mais pronunciada, sendo o unico farmaco que, na concentracao de 100&#402;g/mL, inibiu completamente a producao de placas pelos tres virus testados. O PFA foi o mais efetivo in vitro frente ao BoHV-1 (EC50: 29,5&#402;g/mL e IS: 42,2), ao BoHV-2 (EC50: 45,2&#402;g/mL e IS: 27,6) e ao BoHV-5 (EC50: 7,8&#402;g/mL e IS: 160,6). Portanto, os resultados obtidos indicam que o PFA pode se constituir em um candidato para terapia experimental de infeccoes pelos herpesvirus de bovinos in vivo.

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El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el vigor a baja temperatura de semillas de girasol con diferente proporcin de los cidos oleico/linoleico, a travs de la evaluacin del crecimiento de plntulas (pesos secos areo y radicular y indice raz/areo) y el tiempo medio de germinacin. La proporcin oleico/ linoleico de las semillas no se relacion con el tiempo medio de germinacin ni con las variables de crecimiento medidas, ni a temperatura ptima ni a baja temperatura. Los pesos secos areo y radicular fueron mayores, en general, en el grupo Alto Linoleico. Sin embargo la variacin dentro de cada grupo no permiti asociar la respuesta a la baja temperatura con la composicin acdica de los cultivares. Dichas variables se relacionaron con el peso seco de las semillas. Se evidenci respuesta diferencial a la bajas temperatura de las porciones area y radicular, con la consiguiente modificacin del indice raz areo, variable que tampoco mostr asociacin con la composicin acdica de los cultivares.

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Le espressioni "caso Galilei" e "questione galileiana" inducono gli studiosi a riflettere su un'analoga condanna, emessa dagli organismi repressivi della Chiesa cattolica, circa duecentocinquant'anni dopo la condanna di Galilei, contro un sacerdote il quale aveva cercato una conciliazione tra l'avanzamento nella riflessione filosofico-scientifica e la via della tradizione. Antonio Rosmini-Serbati fu condannato nel 1887 con il Decreto Post obitum del Santo Uffizio. A tale sentenza egli non pot sottomettersi come Galilei, in quanto era morto da ormai trentadue anni. Rosmini, prima della sua dipartita (1855), aveva avuto dalla Chiesa il dispiacere di una condanna all'Indice di due sue opere (1849); aveva tuttavia ricevuto l'assoluzione su tutta la linea circa la sua produzione filosofico-teologica (1854). Dopo la morte i suoi avversari impugnarono questa decisione ufficiale della Chiesa, riuscendo a farlo condannare. Anche per Rosmini gli storici parlano di "questione rosminiana", e di "caso Rosmini". Nel presente articolo si confrontano le dimensioni delle due "questioni", e si rileva che la "riabilitazione" di Rosmini passata attraverso una Nota della Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede (2001), mentre nessun pronunciamento ufficiale ha "riabilitato" Galilei, verso il quale la cultura cattolica stata largamente favorevole.