NANOPARTÍCULAS DE PROTEÍNA ISOLADA DE SOJA EM ÁGUA: EFEITO DA FORÇA IÔNICA E DAS CONCENTRAÇÕES DE PROTEÍNA E SURFACTANTE

Soft nanoparticles of size 200-400 nm were obtained from soybean protein isolate (SPI). The particles were formed and suspended in water by the coacervation of aqueous suspensions of SPI in hostile buffered aqueous solutions in the presence of surfactants. We investigate the effect of storage, ionic strength, and concentrations of SPI and surfactant on nanoparticle size and zeta potential. Transmission electron microscopy images and scattering techniques (SLS/ DLS) revealed that the particles are spherical, with hydrophilic chains at the surface.

Involvement of miR-30c in resistance to doxorubicin by regulating YWHAZ in breast cancer cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that modulate gene expression implicated in cancer, which play crucial roles in diverse biological processes, such as development, differentiation, apoptosis, and proliferation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether miR-30c mediated the resistance of breast cancer cells to the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin (ADR) by targeting tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein zeta (YWHAZ). miR-30c was downregulated in the doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7/ADR and MDA-MB-231/ADR compared with their parental MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that transfection of an miR-30c mimic significantly suppressed the ability of MCF-7/ADR to resist doxorubicin. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic gene YWHAZ was confirmed as a target of miR-30c by luciferase reporter assay, and further studies indicated that the mechanism for miR-30c on the sensitivity of breast cancer cells involved YWHAZ and its downstream p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) pathway. Together, our findings provided evidence that miR-30c was one of the important miRNAs in doxorubicin resistance by regulating YWHAZ in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7/ADR.

CAROTENÓIDES DE PIMENTÕES AMARELOS (Capsicum annuum, L.). CARACTERIZAÇÃO E VERIFICAÇÃO DE MUDANÇAS COM O COZIMENTO

Três cultivares de pimentões amarelos (Capsicum annuum, L.), Amador Híbrido F1, Zarco Híbrido F1 e Sunboy Híbrido F1, cultivados no Estado de São Paulo, foram analisados com o objetivo de se determinar os teores de carotenóides presentes, avaliar o valor de vitamina A e verificar a perda desta atividade após o cozimento. O procedimento analítico consistiu de saponificação com KOH aquoso 10%, antes da extração com solvente orgânico e separação por coluna cromatográfica. Os três cultivares apresentaram o mesmo perfil de carotenóides, sendo nove identificados: fitoflueno, alfa-caroteno, beta-caroteno, cis-zeta-caroteno, 5,6,5’,6’-diepóxi-beta-caroteno, 5,6,5’,6’-diepóxi-criptoxantina, beta-criptoxantina, luteína e violaxantina. O alfa e o beta-caroteno foram os principais carotenóides que contribuíram com a atividade pró-vitamínica A. Os teores de vitamina A, expressos em equivalentes de retinol/100g variaram entre 23,17 e 48,70 para as amostras cruas. Como os carotenóides são sensíveis ao calor, após o cozimento durante 10 minutos os valores de vitamina A foram menores, variando entre 18,22 e 36,27, com reduções entre 21,08 e 30,80%.

Composição de carotenóides de maracujá-amarelo (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) in natura

A composição de carotenóides de maracujá-amarelo in natura (Passiflora edulis) comercializado em Campinas, Brasil, foi avaliada utilizando-se cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Em todas as amostras foram encontrados os seguintes carotenóides: beta-criptoxantina, prolicopeno, cis-zeta-caroteno, zeta-caroteno, beta-caroteno e 13-cis-beta-caroteno, além de neurosporeno e gama-caroteno em alguns lotes. Em geral, os teores de carotenóides nos diversos lotes foram significativamente diferentes. Em dois dos cinco lotes analisados, o z-caroteno foi o carotenóide principal, contribuindo com 41 e 62% do total de carotenóides, enquanto que em outros dois lotes, o beta-caroteno foi o majoritário, com 55 e 74% do total e em um dos lotes o cis-zeta-caroteno esteve presente em maior concentração, com 29%. Este tipo de inversão entre os carotenóides majoritários não é comumente encontrado em frutas e vegetais.

Characterization, physicochemical stability, and evaluation of in vitro digestibility of solid lipid microparticles produced with palm kernel oil and tristearin

Solid lipid particles have been investigated by food researchers due to their ability to enhance the incorporation and bioavailability of lipophilic bioactives in aqueous formulations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the physicochemical stability and digestibility of lipid microparticles produced with tristearin and palm kernel oil. The motivation for conducting this study was the fact that mixing lipids can prevent the expulsion of the bioactive from the lipid core and enhance the digestibility of lipid structures. The lipid microparticles containing different palm kernel oil contents were stable after 60 days of storage according to the particle size and zeta potential data. Their calorimetric behavior indicated that they were composed of a very heterogeneous lipid matrix. Lipid microparticles were stable under various conditions of ionic strength, sugar concentration, temperature, and pH. Digestibility assays indicated no differences in the release of free fatty acids, which was approximately 30% in all analises. The in vitro digestibility tests showed that the amount of palm kernel in the particles did not affect the percentage of lipolysis, probably due to the high amount of surfactants used and/or the solid state of the microparticles.