Presença de células da junção escamo-colunar em esfregaços cérvico-vaginais de mulheres acima de 40 anos

OBJETIVO: avaliar a frequência de células da junção escamo-colunar (JEC) em esfregaços cérvico-vaginais de mulheres com 40 anos ou mais. MÉTODOS: foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, com revisão de 24.316 laudos colpocitológicos realizados no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2008, para avaliação dos casos sem material da JEC. Os critérios de exclusão foram: hiterectomia total, esfregaços com atrofia intensa ou insatisfatórios para análise, casos sem visualização do colo uterino ou com o orifício externo do colo uterino fechado ao exame e aqueles sem a idade da paciente. Foram incluídas neste estudo 21.866 citologias cérvico-vaginais. Avaliou-se a relação entre a presença de material da JEC e uso de terapia de reposição hormonal (TRH) nas pacientes com 40 anos ou mais e a relação entre presença de material da JEC e processo inflamatório moderado a intenso nas pacientes com idade inferior ou igual a 39 anos. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste do χ2 e o teste de razão de chances. RESULTADOS: apenas 11,2% das pacientes com idade inferior a 40 anos não apresentavam material da JEC em seus esfregaços, enquanto nas pacientes com 40 anos ou mais, 47% não apresentavam (p=0,0001). A maioria das pacientes com 40 anos ou mais (92,1%) não fazia uso de TRH e este não foi um fator preditor da incidência de material da JEC nestas pacientes (p>0,05). Em contrapartida, a maioria das pacientes com idade inferior a 40 anos sem material da JEC (74,5%) apresenta inflamação exuberante no esfregaço (p=0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: pacientes com 40 anos ou mais apresentam uma menor incidência de material da JEC em esfregaços cérvico-vaginais, e inflamação é um fator que contribui para ausência de material da JEC nos esfregaços das pacientes com idade inferior a 40 anos.

Dose-dependent effects of 17-ß-estradiol on pituitary thyrotropin content and secretion in vitro

We studied the basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (50 nM) induced thyrotropin (TSH) release in isolated hemipituitaries of ovariectomized rats treated with near-physiological or high doses of 17-ß-estradiol benzoate (EB; sc, daily for 10 days) or with vehicle (untreated control rats, OVX). One group was sham-operated (normal control). The anterior pituitary glands were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium, pH 7.4, at 37oC in an atmosphere of 95% O2/5% CO2. Medium and pituitary TSH was measured by specific RIA (NIDDK-RP-3). Ovariectomy induced a decrease (P<0.05) in basal TSH release (normal control = 44.1 ± 7.2; OVX = 14.7 ± 3.0 ng/ml) and tended to reduce TRH-stimulated TSH release (normal control = 33.0 ± 8.1; OVX = 16.6 ± 2.4 ng/ml). The lowest dose of EB (0.7 µg/100 g body weight) did not reverse this alteration, but markedly increased the pituitary TSH content (0.6 ± 0.06 µg/hemipituitary; P<0.05) above that of OVX (0.4 ± 0.03 µg/hemipituitary) and normal rats (0.46 ± 0.03 µg/hemipituitary). The intermediate EB dose (1.4 µg/100 g body weight) induced a nonsignificant tendency to a higher TSH response to TRH compared to OVX and a lower response compared to normal rats. Conversely, in the rats treated with the highest dose (14 µg/100 g body weight), serum 17-ß-estradiol was 17 times higher than normal, and the basal and TRH-stimulated TSH release, as well as the pituitary TSH content, was significantly (P<0.05) reduced compared to normal rats and tended to be even lower than the values observed for the vehicle-treated OVX group, suggesting an inhibitory effect of hyperestrogenism. In conclusion, while reinforcing the concept of a positive physiological regulatory role of estradiol on the TSH response to TRH and on the pituitary stores of the hormone, the present results suggest an inhibitory effect of high levels of estrogen on these responses

Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on thyrotropin secretion in adult and old female rats

Steroid hormones have been implicated in the modulation of TSH secretion; however, there are few and controversial data regarding the effect of progesterone (Pg) on TSH secretion. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) is a synthetic alpha-hydroxyprogesterone analog that has been extensively employed in therapeutics for its Pg-like actions, but that also has some glucocorticoid and androgen activity. Both hormones have been shown to interfere with TSH secretion. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of MPA or Pg administration to ovariectomized (OVX) rats on in vivo and in vitro TSH release and pituitary TSH content. The treatment of adult OVX rats with MPA (0.25 mg/100 g body weight, sc, daily for 9 days) induced a significant (P<0.05) increase in the pituitary TSH content, which was not observed when the same treatment was used with a 10 times higher MPA dose or with Pg doses similar to those of MPA. Serum TSH was similar for all groups. MPA administered to OVX rats at the lower dose also had a stimulatory effect on the in vitro basal and TRH-induced TSH release. The in vitro basal and TRH-stimulated TSH release was not significantly affected by Pg treatment. Conversely, MPA had no effect on old OVX rats. However, in these old rats, ovariectomy alone significantly reduced (P<0.05) basal and TRH-stimulated TSH release in vitro, as well as pituitary TSH content. The results suggest that in adult, but not in old OVX rats, MPA but not Pg has a stimulatory effect on TSH stores and on the response to TRH in vitro.