Óleos voláteis de espécies de Myrcia nativas do Rio Grande do Sul

Essential oils from M. richardiana, M. arborescens, M. selloi, M. oligantha, M. rostrata, M. lajeana, M. obtecta, M. pubipetala and M. hatschbachii were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sixty-seven compounds have been identified ranging from 90-99% of the oil contents. All analyzed species were rich in cyclic sesquiterpenes (66-99%), mainly those from the cadinane, caryophyllane and germacrane cyclization pathway, among them b-caryophyllene, germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, d-cadinene, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, globulol and a-cadinol. The acyclic sesquiterpene series was well represented by M. lajeana (32.1%), with 25,3% of (E)-nerolidyl acetate.

Metabólitos secundários de Esenbeckia almawillia Kaastra (Rutaceae)

The phytochemical investigation of the roots of E. almawillia is reported for the first time. Chromatographic fractionation of the methanol extract allowed the isolation of the alkaloids 3,3-diisopentenyl-N-methyl-2,4-quinoldione (1), maculine (2) and 3'-methoxygraveoline (3), (E)-N-isobutyl-3-methoxy-4,5-methylenedioxicinnamoyl amide (4), the flavones gardenine B (5) and nevadensin (6), and the sesquiterpene intermediol (7). Structure elucidation was based on the analysis of their spectrometric data (uni- and bidimensional ¹H and 13C NMR, MS and IR) and comparison with literature data. Compounds 3-7 are being reported as constituents of Esenbeckia species for the first time.

Composição e atividade antibacteriana dos óleos essenciais de Senecio crassiflorus var. crassiflorus

The essential oils of leaves, aerial and underground stems of Senecio crassiflorus var. crassiflorus were extracted by hydrodistillation and their analyses were performed by GC/MS. Qualitative and quantitative differences have been found between the analyzed parts. The main compounds of the essentials oils of the leaves were found to be oxygenated sesquiterpenes, while the oils from the aerial and underground stems showed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as major constituents. Furthermore, the essential oils were tested against Staphylocccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus. The essential oil of the leaves was shown to be the most active.

Quimiossensores cromogênicos e fluorogênicos para a detecção de analitos aniônicos

The detection of anionic species is a field which is currently attracting increasing interest. Research is carried out not only to gain a better understanding of biological events that anions participate in, but also to ascertain the potential contribution of the anionic chemosensors to the qualitative and quantitative analysis of species of interest in the areas of industry, medicine, the environment, and chemistry. This review summarizes several aspects related to the main strategies used in anion sensing. Each strategy discussed is illustrated with its potential applications citing recent examples. The prospects for their use in several areas are also described.

Double-bilayer: a new phase formed by lysophospholipids and the corresponding fatty acid

The product of catalytic activity of the enzyme phospholipase A2, which resembles the core unit of animal toxins, on phospholipids is a 1:1 mixture of lysolipid and fatty acid. This mixture was studied by time-resolved simultaneous small- and wide angle x-ray diffraction over the temperature range from 23 to 53.5ºC. An unusually large lamellar structure was observed, with d = 11 nm, contradicting the complex functional dimer model between lysolipid and fatty acid. It can be explained by formation of a "double-bilayer", a new phase consisting of two different bilayers, one formed by lysophospholipid and other by fatty acid, bound together by head group interactions. Its strucutre was confirmed by simulations of the X-ray scattering pattern.

Síntese de β-D-galactopiranosídeos de arila diméricos para avaliação de sua interação com a lectina de Erythrina cristagalli

The synthesis of two new D-galactose-based dimers having a 1,4-butanediamine spacer is reported aiming at the evaluation of their interaction with the Erythrina cristagalli lectin. The title compounds were prepared in four and five steps from 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranoside bromide, in 20 % and 15 % overall yield, respectively, using the Doebner modification of the Koenavenagel reaction as the key sep. The lectin-carbohydrate interaction could be evaluated for only one dimer, due to solubility problems. A twofold enhancement of affinity was observed, compared to the corresponding monovalent ligand.

Composição química e atividade alelopática do óleo volátil de Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam (araliaceae)

The volatile oil obtained from the leaves of Hydrocotyle bonariensis Lam (Araliaceae) was analyzed by GC, Chiral-GC and GC-MS. It was identified 14 compounds and the monoterpene (+)-limonene (53.6%) and sesquiterpene γ-muurolene (10.5%) were the main components. The allelopathic effects of the oil were evaluated against two seeds, Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa. The results show that the oil exhibited inhibition effects in the germination and seedling growth of plants species relative to the control.

Termocromismo em soluções de alcóxidos de Vanádio(IV): uma abordagem pela modelagem molecular

The thermochromic behavior exhibited by vanadium(IV) alkoxides, [V2(μ-OPr i)2(OPr i) 6] and [V2(μ-ONep)2(ONep)6 ], OPr i = isopropoxide and ONep = neopentoxide, was studied by molecular modeling using DFT, TDDFT and INDO/S methods. The vibrational and electronic spectra calculated for [V2(μ-OPr i)2(OPr i) 6] were very similar to the experimental data registered for crystalline samples of the complex and for its solutions at low temperature (< 210 K), while spectra recorded at high temperature (> 315 K) were compatible with those calculated for the monomeric form, [V(OPr i)4]. These results consistently point to a monomer/dimer equilibrium as an explanation for the solution thermochromism of {V(OPr i)4}n. In spite of the structural similarity between [V2(μ-ONep)2(ONep)6 ] and [V2(μ-OPr i)2(OPr i) 6] in the solid state, the thermochromic behavior of the former could not be explained by the same model, and the possibility of tetranuclear aggregation at low temperatures was also investigated.

Aromatic compounds from three Brazilian Lauraceae species

Phytochemical investigations on three Brazilian Lauraceae species from the Cerrado region of São Paulo State, Ocotea corymbosa (Meins) Mez., O. elegans Mez. and Persea pyrifolia Nees & Mart. ex Nees resulted in the isolation of flavonoids, an ester of the 4-O-E-caffeoylquinic acid, an aromatic sesquiterpene besides furofuran lignans. This is the first chemical study on the leaves of Ocotea elegans and O. corymbosa as well as the first report of non-volatile compounds from Persea pyrifolia.

Lychnophorinae (asteraceae): a survey of its chemical constituents and biological activities

This work reviews the current literature about the chemical constituents and the biological activities of the subtribe Lychnophorinae (Vernonieae, Asteraceae). The notable secondary metabolites are sesquiterpene lactones of furanoheliangolide (goyazensolide and eremantholide types) and flavonoids. Some of its most investigated activities include its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, specially for the Lychnophora and Eremanthus species. The data presented on this paper not only displayed the role played by the Lychnophorinae species as a source of bioactive compounds, but also reinforced the need of further studies involving the species of such subtribe.

Estudo das ligações de hidrogênio para dímeros formados pelas moléculas de H2O, NH3, HF, HCl e HBr através de cálculos baseados em primeiros princípios

Hydrogen bond energies of fifteen dimers were calculated using the large basis set 6-311++G(3df,3pd), at Hartree-Fock (HF) level including Møller-Plesset (MP2) calculations. The procedure for obtaining such energies were based on the dimer's energy rise provoked by increasing in intermolecular distance of the system component units. Deviations from a strictly linear hydrogen bond were investigated and rotational barriers were also computed allowing the calculation of the second order attractive interactions. In order to provide a more objective definition of hydrogen bond, a lower energy limit was proposed in place of the merely empirical parameters employed in the classical definition

Constituintes químicos das folhas de Riedeliella graciliflora Harms (Leguminosae)

A new salicylic acid derivative, pentacosanyl salicylate, was isolated from the leaves of the plant toxic to cattle, Riedeliella graciliflora, in addition to a digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-α-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranosyl-glycerol, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, rutin, (+)-catechin and the dimer (+)-catechin-(4β-8)-catechin, glutinol, squalene, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, phytol, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and ficaprenol-12. Their structures were determined using spectral techniques (MS, IR, and NMR-1D and 2D) and based on literature data.

Seasonal variation of the major secondary metabolites present in the extract of Eremanthus mattogrossensis Less (Asteraceae: Vernonieae) leaves

The species Eremanthus mattogrossensis, known as "veludo do cerrado" (cerrado velvet), is native to the Brazilian Cerrado. Because the amount of metabolites present in plants may be influenced by biological and environmental factors, here we conducted an HPLC-DAD-MS/MS investigation of the metabolite concentrations found in the MeOH/H2O extract of the leaves of this species. The main compounds were identified and quantified, and the metabolites were grouped by chemical class (caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, and sesquiterpene lactone). Statistical analysis indicated a straight correlation between the quantity of metabolites and seasonality, suggesting that environmental properties elicit important metabolic responses.

Complete ¹H and 13C NMR structural assignments for a group of four goyazensolide-type furanoheliangolides

Four goyazensolide-type sesquiterpene lactones - lychnofolide, centratherin, goyazensolide and goyazensolide acetate - were thoroughly studied by NMR experimental techniques. ¹H NMR, 13C NMR {¹H}, COSY, HMQC, HMBC, J-res. and NOE experiments were performed to provide the needed structural information. Complete and unequivocal assignment, including the determination of all multiplicities, was obtained for each structure and the data collections are presented in tables.

Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação da atividade anti-inflamatória de Aeschynomene fluminensis vell. (Fabaceae)

Phytochemical investigation of Aeschynomene fluminensis leaves and branches led to isolation of the flavonoid glycosides kaempferol 3,7-di-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol 7-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-apiofuranosil-7-O- rhamnopyranoside, quercitin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside, quercitin 3-O-arabinofuranoside, 8-β-D-glucopyranosyl 4',5,7-trihydroxyflavanone, the isoflavonoid 4',7-di-hydroxy-isoflavone, the dimer epicatechin-(2β→7, 4β→8)- epicatechin, the polyol 3-O-methyl-chiro-inositol and two steroids in sitosterol and stigmasterol mixture. These compounds were identified by NMR ¹H and 13C and compared with literature data. Anti-inflammatory activity of the crude methanolic extract and its fractions was evaluated.