What factors of satisfaction and motivation are affecting the development of the academic career in Portuguese higher education institutions?

An important constituent group and a key resource of higher education institutions (HEIs) is the faculty or academic staff. The centrality of the faculty role makes it a primary sculptor of institutional culture and has implications for the quality of the institution and therefore has a major role in achieving the objectives of the institution. Demand for academic staff in higher education has been increasing and may be expected to continue to increase. Moreover the performance of academic staff as teachers and researchers determines much of the student satisfaction and has an impact on student learning. There are many factors that serve to undermine the commitment of academics to their institutions and careers. Job satisfaction is important in revitalizing staff motivation and in keeping their enthusiasm alive. Well motivated academic staff can, with appropriate support, build a national and international reputation for themselves and the institution in the professional areas, in research and in publishing. This paper aims to identify the issues and their impacts on academic staff job satisfaction and motivation within Portuguese higher education institutions reporting an ongoing study financed by the European Union through the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology.

Perspectivas sobre a "nobreza da terra" na Amazônia colonial

O presente artigo pretende examinar algumas estratégias observadas na constituição da elite local no Grão Pará no século XVIII, centrado num estudo de caso particular envolvendo a eleição para almotacé de 1741, abordando tanto trajetórias individuais como de grupo. Destacam-se, na presente análise, questões como a formação da elite colonial paraense aliadas à consolidação da posição desse grupo seja através do acesso aos órgãos locais de poder como através das redes de parentesco e clientelares, fazendo uso de fontes diversificadas.

História e política: a historiografia colonial entre a crítica e a responsabilidade (1989-2010)

Este artigo objetiva levantar questões acerca de alguns dos debates travados pela historiografia colonial brasileira nas últimas duas décadas, relacionando-as, em linhas gerais, com mudanças políticas e sociais ocorridas no Brasil. Sugere-se que, no cerne de tais debates, encontra-se um mal-estar atinente às formas pelas quais os historiadores lidam com o problema da responsabilidade diante de uma sociedade marcadamente desigual.

A "história pátria" entre dois monumentos: o passado colonial nas notas de rodapé da História geral do Brasil e da História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil

Este artigo discute a relação discursiva constituída entre duas obras historiográficas: a História geral do Brasil, de Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen e a História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, empreendimento coletivo com vistas a difundir boa imagem do processo colonizador da América portuguesa. A hipótese é que encontramos registrado em tais obras um substrato discursivo comum referente ao passado colonial luso-brasileiro com implicações teóricas e epistemológicas desse fenômeno ocorrido ao longo de suas notas de rodapé.

ADMINISTRAÇÃO COLONIAL E GOVERNAÇÃO NA AMÉRICA PORTUGUESA: A PROPÓSITO DE UMA MEMÓRIA SOBRE AS CAPITANIAS DA PARAÍBA E DO CEARÁ (1816)

Este artigo apresenta a transcrição de uma memória sobre as capitanias da Paraíba e do Ceará, escrita em 1816, expõe os traços biográficos do autor, as linhas gerais do seu discurso e privilegia a discussão sobre a estrutura de governo das capitanias da América portuguesa. Nesse sentido, aprecia-se criticamente o texto da memória à luz da historiografia e de outras fontes documentais pertinentes ao tema da administração colonial.

OS MINISTROS DA JUSTIÇA NA AMÉRICA PORTUGUESA: OUVIDORES-GERAIS E JUÍZES DE FORA NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO COLONIAL (SÉC. XVIII)

Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o papel dos ouvidores-gerais e juízes de fora como principais responsáveis pelo governo da justiça na América portuguesa ao longo do século XVIII. Busca dimensionar os espaços de jurisdição dos ouvidores-gerais e juízes de fora, através de uma análise de suas competências, atribuições e acúmulos de funções no âmbito geral da organização administrativa das comarcas.

ROÇAS, FAZENDAS, ENGENHOS, CURRAIS: UMA CARTOGRAFIA DA RURALIDADE COLONIAL NAS MINAS DO CUIABÁ (PRIMEIRA METADE DO SÉCULO XVIII)

Resumo Neste artigo analisamos a formação de ambientes rurais nas Minas do Cuiabá na primeira metade do século XVIII. Utilizamos relatos, crônicas, correspondências oficiais, cartas de sesmarias e documentação cartográfica para reconstruirmos detalhes da espacialização da ruralidade no centro da América do Sul. Acreditamos que um estudo detalhado pode servir para problematizarmos estudos que em outras escalas procuraram caracterizar a formação do meio rural no contexto da expansão das conquistas portuguesas no século XVIII.

Proportional cancer incidence according to selected sites: comparison between residents in the City of S. Paulo, Brazil: Japanese and Brazilian/Portuguese descent

The percentual distributions of selected sites of cancer cases according to origin, sex and age are compared. Data were obtained from the Registry of Cancer of S. Paulo (School of Public Health of the University of S. Paulo, Brazil). The reference period for inhabitants of Japanese descent was 1969/78 and for those of Brazilian descent, the period was 1969/75. Standardized Proportionate Incidence Ratios (SPIR) with approximate 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were evaluated using age specific Incidence Ratios of S. Paulo, 1973, as standards. The results agree with findings of previous works on mortality, but show different patterns according to origin. The well known fact that some sub-groups of a population may be different from the overall group is once again brought to the fore. Attention should be drawn to the differences detected for stomach, skin and prostate, in males, and for stomach, skin, cervix and uterus in females.

Association between child-care and acute diarrhea: a study in Portuguese children

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the influence of the type of child-care on the occurrence of acute diarrhea with special emphasis on the effect of children grouping during care. METHODS: From October 1998 to January 1999 292 children, aged 24 to 36 months, recruited using a previously assembled cohort of newborns, were evaluated. Information on the type of care and occurrence of diarrhea in the previous year was obtained from parents by telephone interview. The X² and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare proportions and quantitative variables, respectively. The risk of diarrhea was estimated through the calculation of incident odds ratios (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), crude and adjusted by unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Using as reference category children cared individually at home, the adjusted ORs for diarrhea occurrence were 3.18, 95% CI [1.49, 6.77] for children cared in group at home, 2.28, 95% CI [0.92, 5.67] for children cared in group in day-care homes and 2.54, 95% CI [1.21, 5.33] for children cared in day-care centers. Children that changed from any other type of child-care setting to child-care centers in the year preceding the study showed a risk even higher (OR 7.65, 95% CI [3.25, 18.02]). CONCLUSIONS: Group care increases the risk of acute diarrhea whatsoever the specific setting.

Development and validation of the Portuguese version of the WHOQOL-OLD module

OBJECTIVE: The increasing proportion of older adults in the general population and the specific characteristics of this age group show the need for the development of specific instruments to measure quality of life in older adults. The study aimed at describing the development and validation of the Portuguese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life for Older Persons (WHOQOL-OLD) module. METHODS: The WHOQOL-OLD instrument was administered in a sample of 424 older adults in the city of Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil, in 2005. The questionnaire comprises 24 items divided into six facets: sensory abilities; autonomy; past, present and future activities; social participation; death and dying; and intimacy. Besides the WHOQOL-OLD module, the WHOQOL-BREF, BDI and BHS instruments were also applied. The instrument's internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. RESULTS: The instrument showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's coefficients ranging from 0.71 to 0.88), discriminant validity (p<0.01), concurrent validity (correlation coefficients ranging from -0.61 to -0.50) and test-retest reliability (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.58 to 0.82). Findings concerning criterion validity need further studies. CONCLUSIONS: The WHOQOL-Old module is a useful alternative with good psychometric performance in the investigation of quality of life in older adults.

Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a short health literacy assessment tool for Portuguese-speaking adults. METHODS: The Short Assessment of Health Literacy for Portuguese-speaking Adults is an assessment tool which consists of 50 items that assess an individual's ability to correctly pronounce and understand common medical terms. We evaluated the instrument's psychometric properties in a convenience sample of 226 Brazilian older adults. Construct validity was assessed by correlating the tool scores with years of schooling, self-reported literacy, and global cognitive functioning. Discrimination validity was assessed by testing the tool's accuracy in detecting inadequate health literacy, defined as failure to fully understand standard medical prescriptions. RESULTS: Moderate to high correlations were found in the assessment of construct validity (Spearman's coefficients ranging from 0.63 to 0.76). The instrument showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha=0.93) and adequate test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.95). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for detection of inadequate health literacy was 0.82. A version consisting of 18 items was tested and showed similar psychometric properties. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument developed showed good validity and reliability in a sample of Brazilian older adults. It can be used in research and clinical settings for screening inadequate health literacy.