Estudos bionômicos de Dipetalogaster maximus (Uhler, 1894) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae): III. Dinâmica populacional

A population dynamics study of D. maximus was caried out under laboratory condictions (28-C e 65% ñ 5% U.R.) and the methodology was the same that have been used for hearing this insects. In order to evaluate the population growth rate of this species, during a 24 months period, five colonies started with a couple recently emerged were observed. Each couple (a male and a female) was mantained in a glass container measuring 20 cm of diameter and 20 cm in height with filter paper on the botton. The insects were monthly feeding with normal mice blood, and at this day the number of eggs, nymphal stages and adults was registered. All graphical representations of the populations growth rate showed the same shape. It was found that the average of nymphal stage represented 64.31% of the hole population whereas the oviposition curved showed to be inverse to this one (28.57%) a small percentage of adults was found: males 3.85% and females 3.12%. In this study observations on the biologycal cycle, longevity and fertility rates were also carried out.

Phorcotabanus cinereus (Wiedemann, 1821) (Diptera, Tabanidae), an ornithophilic species of Tabanid in Central Amazon, Brazil

In Central Amazon, Brazil, the tabanid Phorcotabanus cinereus (Wiedemann) was recorded attacking the native duck Cairina moschata (Linnaeus) (Anseriformes, Anatidae). The flight and behavior of the tabanid during the attacks and the host's defenses were videotaped and analyzed in slow motion. The tabanid was recorded flying rapidly around the heads of the ducks before landing. Landing always took place on the beak, and then the tabanid walked to the fleshy caruncle on the basal part of the beak to bite and feed. Firstly the duck defends itself through lateral harsh head movements, and then, when it is being bitten, it defends itself by rubbing its head on the body, or dipping the head into water, when swimming. If disturbed, the fly resumed the same pattern of flight as before and would generally try to land again on the same host and bite in the same place. This feeding activity was observed predominantly between 9:30 am and 4:30 pm and always in open areas, near aquatic environments, from June 1996 to January 1997, the dry season in Central Amazon. To test the attractiveness of other animals to P. cinereus, mammals, caimans and domestic and wild birds were placed in suitable habitat and the response of P. cinereus observed. P. cinereus did not attack these animals, suggesting that this species has a preference for ducks, which are plentiful in the region.

Influência da temperatura sobre a longevidade, fecundidade e atividade hematofágica de Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse, 1894 (Diptera, Culicidae) sob condições de laboratório

Influence of temperature on longevity, fecundity, and haematophagic activity of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse, 1894 (Diptera, Culicidae) under laboratory condition. Based on adults of Aedes albopictus maintained under four constant temperatures, 15ºC, 20ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC, longevity of males and females, fecundity, eggs viability, number of days from emergence to the first bloodsucking, and duration of the preoviposition period were observed. The average of the longevity for female was 19.45, 59.35, 61.55 and 42.72 days, under 15ºC, 20ºC, 25ºC and 30ºC, respectively. The greatest average number of bloodsucking per female was 8.32, under 25ºC. The average number of eggs per female was 1.00, 73.91, 269.87 and 183.69, and the greatest rates of viable eggs per female was 25ºC and 30ºC. The haematophagic activities and the oviposition were significantly influenced by temperature.

Records of Myodopsylla wolffsohni wolffsohni (Rothschild, 1903) (Siphonaptera, Ischnopsyllidae) on Myotis nigricans Schinz, 1821 (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae), from the State of Paraná, Southern Brazil

The flea, Myodopsylla wolffsohni wolffsohni (Rothschild, 1903), had been recorded for the first time in the State of Paraná in 1940, on the bat, Myotis levis (I. Geoffroy, 1824). Previously, this species of flea had only been recorded on Myotis nigricans, in the Amazonian region. This is the second record of M. w. wolffsohni on M. nigricans in Brazil, and the first in the State of Paraná. Although this flea has been found on undetermined Chiroptera in the State of Santa Catarina, the present record represents the meridional limit of geographic distribution for the infestation on M. nigricans.

Exigências térmicas de Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse, 1894 (Diptera, Culicidae) em condições de laboratório

Thermal requirements of Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus Skuse, 1894 (Diptera, Culicidae) under laboratory conditions. Allochtonous species of Ae. albopictus in the American continent can be found in fourteen Brazilian states - about fifteen years had been elapsed since the first report of the presence of this species in Brazilian territory. Considering its potential epidemiological importance and its adaptation to several habitats, it was determined, for this species, the threshold temperature and the thermal constant for egg, larval and pupal stages under laboratory conditions under four constant temperatures and 12:12 hours light-dark photoperiod. The threshold temperature for the egg phase and for the first instar were quite similar: 9.07 ºC (K=214.46 degree days) and 9.23 ºC (K= 36.64 degree days), respectively. For 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar, the basal-temperature was higher, oscilating between 12.26 ºC and 13.95 ºC. The threshold temperature for the complete larval stage and for the pupal stage were 12.03 ºC (K= 99.48 degree days) and 11.87 ºC (K=32.40 degree days) for males and 11.95 ºC (K=110.11 degree days) and 11.60 ºC (K=35.30 degree days) for females, respectively.

Atratividade e preferência alimentar de adultos de Epicauta atomaria (Germ., 1821) (Col.: Meloidae) em maracujazeiros (Passiflora spp.), sob condições de laboratório

A atratividade e a preferência alimentar de adultos de Epicauta atomaria (Germ., 1821) por folhas de espécies de maracujazeiro Passiflora spp. foram avaliadas sob condições de laboratório. Em testes de atratividade realizados em placas de Petri e olfatômetro, os discos foliares e extratos foliares de P. setacea e P. edulis f. flavicarpa foram os mais preferidos por adultos de E. atomaria, enquanto P. giberti, P. nitida e P. alata foram os menos preferidas nos dois tipos de recipientes. Nos testes de consumo com e sem chance de escolha utilizando discos foliares, P. setacea foi a mais consumida, confirmando sua suscetibilidade; P. giberti e P. nitida foram pouco consumidas, apresentando não-preferência para alimentação como mecanismo de resistência; P. edulis f. flavicarpa e P. alata também revelaram não-preferência para alimentação, porém em níveis mais baixos.

The Hegel's Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Religion (1821-1831) sources and critical editions from Marheineke to Jaeschke

In this paper I provide a concise plan about Hegel's Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion critical editions, laying stress on the method followed by editors in order to build a coherent text with the sources at their disposal. The Marheineke's edition (1832) is analysed with special attention since it was the edition that caused the division between a Right and a Left, opening the discussion on speculative theism as a consequence of the difficulty to distinguish the systematic part from the historical one in the reasoning carried out by Hegel.