Síndrome de conn causada por adenoma de adrenal-tratamento por videolaparoscopia

The authors present a case-report a 43 years old, female patient presenting with an eight-year history of hypertension caused by an adrenal adenoma. Hypokalemia and supressed plasma renina confirmed the diagnosis of primary hyperaldosteronism. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a right adrenal mass. The patient was successfully treated laparoscopically. The histopathological diagnosis was adenoma. The patient had normal blood pressure within three months.

Maintenance of Brazilian Biodiversity by germplasm bank

Abstract: Currently the importance of using alternative strategies for biodiversity conservation is emphasized and since the establishment of germplasm bank is an alternative to the conservation of endangered species. This is a technique of great importance for the maintenance of Brazilian fauna. Since the early70'sthere was a growing concern about the need to preserve essential genetic resources for food and agriculture, mainly for conservation of genetic material from farm animals. Thus was created the Brasilia Zoo, in July 2010, the first Germplasm Bank of Wild Animals in Latin America, as an alternative strategy for the conservation of threatened or endangered species, using both gametes and somatic cells and stem cells. Then we argue to create new banks or research networks among different regions with aimed to tissue preservation.

Potential for seed bank formation of two weed species from Brazilian Amazonia

The potential for seed bank formation of two perennial weed species, Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. (Convolvulaceae) and Stachytarpheta cayennensis (Rich.) M. Vahl (Verbenaceae), both common in Amazonia , was evaluated in a degraded pasture area in eastern Brazilian Amazonia . Seeds were enclosed in nylon mesh packets and placed at the soil surface or buried at 5 or 10 cm deep. The number of viable seeds was recorded at 6, 10, 14 and 18 months after burial. Results showed that S. cayennensis has the ability to form persistent soil seed bank, while I. asarifolia seeds do not build up in the soil seed bank. For S. cayennensis and, to some extent, for I. asarifolia, seed survival was highest at greater burial depths.

Seed bank from soil of coffee plantations associated with grevillea trees

This study aimed to study the composition and dynamics of seed bank from soil of coffee plantations associated with grevilea trees in the experimental fields of the Southwest Bahia State University, on Vitória da Conquista campus. The experiments were carried out from September 2006 to May 2007. The coffee trees (Coffea arabica) were sown at three x one m spacing, associated with grevillea trees (Grevillea robusta) and maintained at densities of 277, 139, 123, 69, 62 and 31 plants ha-1, under direct sunlight. One hundred grams of soil were taken from each treatment with four repetitions and later identified and counted with a 10x magnifying glass. To determine seedling emergence, four soil samples of 1000 g were collected from each experimental field and transported to the greenhouse. Seedling emergence was observed by counts after 15, 30 and 45 days. The experimental design was randomized blocks of seven treatments (soil from different tree densities) and four replicates; the experimental unit consisted of a plastic tray (0, 30 x 0.22 x 0.06 m) containing 1.000 g of soil. The variables utilized to characterize the bank and its dynamics were: relative frequency, relative density, relative abundance, importance index and species diversity (Shannon-Weaver index).Increased number of monocotyledon seeds and sprouts were verified in the treatments maintained under full sunlight.

Soil seed bank of plant species as a function of long-term soil management and sampled depth

This study aimed at assessing the level of weed infestation indifferent areas that were submitted to different soil management for 16 years. Four management systems were studied: (1) agriculture only under conventional tillage system; (2) agriculture only under no-till system; (3) crop-livestock integrationcrop-livestock integration; (4) livestock only. These areas were sampled at three soil depths (0-5, 5-10 and 10-15 cm), and soil was stored in plastic pots and taken to a greenhouse, where soil moisture and weight were standardized. Soil was kept near 70% moisture field capacity, being revolved every 20 days when all seedling emerged from soil were counted, identified and collected for dry mass assessment. The soil coverage by weeds, number of weed seedlings and dry mass of the weedy community were assessed. A phytoecological analysis was conducted. Weed composition is differentdifferent among management systems after 16 years. Areas with livestock showed much smaller number of weed species in comparison to systems where only grain crops are grown. The presence of livestock affects the potential of germination of soil seed bank. Agriculture systems are similar in terms of weed composition along soil profile, while systems involving livestock show little relation in what regards such sampled depths. Conservationist models of land exploration contribute to reduce severity of weed species occurrence in the long term.

Seed bank modelling of volunteer oil seed rape: from seeds fate in the soil to seedling emergence

Studies were conducted to estimate parameters and relationships associated with sub-processes in soil seed banks of oilseed rape in Gorgan, Iran. After one month of burial, seed viability decreased to 39%, with a slope of 2.03% per day, and subsequently decreased with a lower slope of 0.01 until 365 days following burial in the soil. Germinability remained at its highest value in autumn and winter and decreased from spring to the last month of summer. Non-dormant seeds of volunteer oilseed rape did not germinate at temperatures lower than 3.8 ºC and a water potential of -1.4 MPa ºd. The hydrothermal values were 36.2 and 42.9 MPa ºd for sub- and supra-optimal temperatures, respectively. Quantification of seed emergence as influenced by burial depth was performed satisfactorily (R² = 0.98 and RMSE = 5.03). The parameters and relationships estimated here can be used for modelling soil seed bank dynamics or establishing a new model for the environment.

Variation between three Eremanthus (Asteraceae) species in their ability to form a seed bank

Knowledge on seed bank function is fundamental for understanding the species regeneration patterns. This investigation was carried out to compare the ability of Eremanthus elaeagnus (Mart. ex DC.) Schultz-Bip, E. glomerulatus Less., and E. incanus (Less.) Less. to form a soil seed bank. Seeds (aquenes) of each of these three species were collected, stored in the laboratory and subsequently buried in the same area where they were collected, inside nylon bags. The bags were collected monthly or bimonthly for germination tests under continuous light and also in darkness at 20 °C (E. elaeagnus e E. glomerulatus) and at 25 °C (E. incanus). After 12 months, a further series of tests compared the germination of achenes that had been buried in soil and compared with those stored in the laboratory at 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C. After three months of burial, the seeds of E. elaeagnus and E. glomerulatus failed to germinate, whereas the seeds of E. incanus, even after burial for 18 months, retained germination percentage of between 1% and 30%. After one year stored in laboratory, the seeds of E. glomerulatus were no longer viable and seeds of E. elaeagnus e E. incanus had a germination percentage below that of newly collected seeds. The results showed that E. elaeagnus and E. glomerulatus do not form seed banks while E. incanus may form a small and persistent soil seed bank.

Chromosome number and secondary constriction variation in 51 accessions of a citrus germplasm bank

The mitotic chromosomes of 51 citrus accessions from the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil, were analyzed. The sample included representatives of 20 Citrus species, one of Poncirus and seven hybrids. All accessions showed 2n = 18 without any evidence of numerical variation. The most clearly variable karyotype feature was the number and position of secondary constrictions (SECs). In 19 accessions the SECs were not identified, mainly due to the degree of chromatin condensation. In the remainder they varied in number from one to three per karyotype. They were found in the proximal region of one of the three largest chromosome pairs, in the terminal/subterminal region of a smaller chromosome or, more seldom, terminally in a larger chromosome. Only in a few cases were such constrictions observed simultaneously in both homologues of the same chromosome pair. The high variability of this karyotype feature may be due to the activation of this region in the previous interphase but may also indicate a high structural variability and heterozygosity of citrus germplasms

Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of Tunisian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) oil as affected by different extraction methods

The chemical analysis of flesh and seed of date palm fruit (Kentichi) was evaluated. Carbohydrates were the predominant component in all studied date cultivars (~78.69-83.46 g/100g dry matter), followed by moisture content (~9.23-11.17%), along with moderate amount of fat (~0.56-7.10 g/100g dry matter), protein (~2.16-2.80 g/100g dry matter), and ash (~1.18-1.64 g/100 g dry matter). Some antioxidants (Ascorbic acid, total phenolic, total flavonoid, chlorophyll and carotenoids) were found in different values in both date fruit and seed. The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of both flesh and seed oil which was extracted using Hexane, Soxhlet and Modified Bligh - Dyer extraction methods were determined. The experimental results showed that temperature, different solvents and extraction time had significant effect on the yield of the date palm oil and physicochemical properties. Date Flesh oil showed an important free radical scavenging activity towards 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical.

Influence of temperate grass seed rotation systems on weed seed soil bank composition

Due to changing cropping practices in perennial grass seed crops in western Oregon, USA, alternative rotation systems are being considered to reduce weed infestations. Information is generally lacking regarding the effects of alternative agronomic operations and herbicide inputs on soil weed seed bank composition during this transition. Six crop rotation systems were imposed in 1992 on a field that had historically produced monoculture perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seeds. Each system plot was 20 x 30 m, arranged in a randomized complete block design, replicated four times. Twenty to thirty soil cores were sampled in June 1997 from each plot. The weed species composition of the cores was determined by successive greenhouse grow-out assays. In addition to seed density, heterogeneity indices for species evenness, richness, and diversity were determined. The most abundant species were Juncus bufonius L. and Poa annua L. Changes in seed bank composition were due to the different herbicides used for the rotation crop components. Compared to the other rotation systems, no-tillage, spring-planted wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) reduced overall weed seed density and richness, but did not affect weed species evenness or diversity. When meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba Hartweg ex Benth.) succeeded wheat in rotation, weed species richness was unaffected, but evenness and diversity were reduced, compared to the other rotation systems. For meadowfoam in sequence after white clover (Trifolium repens L.), crop establishment method (no-tillage and conventional tillage) had no effect on weed seed species density, evenness, or diversity.

Efeitos de substratos e temperaturas na germinação de sementes de tamareira-anã (Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien)

O presente trabalho foi dividido em dois estudos utilizando-se sementes de Phoenix roebelenii com teor de água de 21,83%. No primeiro, avaliou-se o efeito de quatro substratos (vermiculita, serragem, areia e esfagno) e de cinco temperaturas (20°C, 25°C, 30°C, 35°C e 40°C) na germinação e IVG (índice de Velocidade de Germinação). No segundo, estudaram-se os efeitos desses substratos na germinação e no crescimento de plântulas (massa seca e comprimento da raiz e parte aérea) sob condições não controladas, com temperatura entre 27 e 28,5°C. O teste de germinação sob temperaturas controladas foi conduzido com fotoperíodo de 8 horas de luz e 16 horas de escuro, em caixas de plástico transparentes com tampa. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 5X4. Sob condições ambientais, esse delineamento teve quatro tratamentos (substratos). Os dados de porcentagem de germinação foram transformados em arc sen . As médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (a = 0,05). As temperaturas de 25°C e 30°C resultam em maior porcentagem de germinação, independente do substrato, enquanto o melhor IVG ocorre a 30°C, com esfagno ou areia. O esfagno é o melhor substrato para a maioria das características avaliadas nas plântulas. Não se recomenda o uso de vermiculita como substrato para testes de IVG das sementes e avaliação das plântulas de tamareira-anã.

Soil seed bank variation patterns according to environmental factors in a natural grassland

This research aimed to determine the soil seed bank and its relationship with environmental factors that have an influence in the distribution of the vegetation above the ground in an excluded area of natural grassland in the South of Brazil. Most of the 122 identified species in the seed bank were perennials. Data analysis indicated three distinct community groups, according to the size and composition of the soil seed bank in lowlands with permanent wet soils, in lowlands and in other areas. In general, lowlands were characterized by low-fertility soils, high moisture and aluminum contents, being spatially homogeneous habitats and, therefore, more restricted to vegetation heterogeneity than other parts of the relief. Environmental factors most associated with soil seed bank size and composition were relief position and their co-related soil variables such as: soil moisture content, potassium content, organic matter, basic saturation of cation exchange soil capacity, exchangeable basics sum of the soil and clay soil content. According to that, relief position, associated with combined effects of soil chemical properties related to it, determines the observed variation pattern of the soil seed bank, as a reflection of the vegetation above the area.

Seed anatomy and germination of Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien (Arecaceae)

The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology, anatomy and germination behaviour of Phoenix roebelenii seeds. Biometric data were obtained by measuring 100 seeds extracted from recently harvested fruits and air-dried for one day. Four replications of 50 seeds each were previously treated with Vitavax-Thiran and then put to germinate in Sphagnum sp. in plastic trays at room temperature. Morphological details of the seeds were documented with the help of a scanning electronic microscope and then drawings were made with the help of a clear camera coupled to a stereomicroscope. Permanent lamina containing embryo sections were prepared to study its anatomy. The mean dimensions of the seeds were: length of 10.32mm, width of 5.21mm and thickness of 3.91mm. The weight of one thousand seeds was of 151.1g and the mean number of units.kg-1 was 6,600. Germination started between 27 and 58 days after sowing. The seeds are of the albuminous type, the endosperm is hard and the embryo (which is not clearly differentiated) occupies a lateral and peripheral position. During seed germination, seedling protrusion begins with the opening of an operculum, through which the cotyledon petiole is emitted with the embryonic axis at its tip. The portion of the cotyledon petiole that remains inside the seeds acts as a haustorium for the absorption of nutrients from the endosperm. The plumule emerges through a rift in the posterior part of the cotyledon. Secondary roots are observed to grow from the anterior part of the primary root.

Maturação fisiológica de sementes de Phoenix roebelenii O'Brien

O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi estudar o ponto de maturidade fisiológica das sementes contidas nos diásporos de Phoenix roebelenii (tamareira-anã), para a determinação de período ideal de colheita dos frutos. Os frutos, a partir de sua formação, foram colhidos semanalmente, desde os 33 dias após a antese (d.a.a.) até os 194 d.a.a., totalizando 23 colheitas. As sementes foram avaliadas dos 68 até os 194 d.a.a., sendo as determinações feitas em laboratório. Foram avaliados os dados biométricos dos frutos (comprimento e diâmetro) e das sementes (comprimento, largura e espessura). Também foram mensurados o teor de água, a matéria verde e a matéria seca dos frutos e das sementes, a germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação das sementes. Os dados foram ajustados aos modelos logístico ou exponencial decrescente, em função das épocas de colheitas dos frutos; para o teste de germinação e índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), também foi utilizada a análise de variância (teste F), cujas médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o ponto de maturidade fisiológica das sementes de P. roebelenii ocorreu aos 138 d.a.a., podendo o período de colheita ser estendido até os 194 d.a.a.

Lolium multiflorum seeds in the soil: I. Soil seed bank dynamics in a no til system

The objective of the study was to characterize annual ryegrass seed population dynamics, managed for natural re-sowing, in no til systems in rotation with soybean, in different chronosequences An area was cultivated for two years with soybean, left as fallow land for the next two years and then cultivated again with soybean for the next two years. The four chronosequences represented different management periods, two with soybean (6 and 8 years old) and the other two resting (3 and 9 years old). Soil samples were taken every month during one year and divided into two depths (0-5 and 5-10 cm). Vegetation dynamics were also evaluated (number of plants, inflorescences and seedlings). Soil seed bank (SSB) dynamics showed structural patterns in time, with a "storage period" in summer, an "exhausting period" during autumn and a "transition period" in winter and spring. Pasture establishment by natural re-sowing was totally dependent on the annual recruitment of seeds from the soil. The influence of the management practices on the SSB was more important than the number of years that these practices had been implemented. Places where soybean was sown showed the largest SSBs. Most of the seeds overcame dormancy and germinated at the end of the summer and beginning of the autumn, showing a typically transitory SSB, but with a small proportion of persistent seeds